Donglong ancient dwellings

Donglong ancient dwellings

There are three existing ancient dwellings in Donglong, one is the dwellings under Xincuo, the other is the dwellings in Xicun, and the third is the dwellings outside the gatehouse. Lin Jian, the first ancestor of the Lin family of Donglong, was born in Putian, Fujian Province in the second year of tianzhe (905) of Tang Dynasty. Later, in order to avoid chaos, he moved to Dongao (new building) in Xiaocun, Taishun in the third year of Tongguang (925). In the second year of song Jianlong (961), he moved to the upper section of Sixi (houchi). Lin Jian had six sons when he moved from Putian to Dongao in Xiaocun. Later, except the sixth son Qing who moved from Dongao to Sixi with his father, the other five sons all stayed in Donglong. The three existing ancient dwellings in Donglong are historical and cultural heritages left by Lin Jian's descendants in the process of reproduction and development.

Scenic spots

New houses

There are only two residential buildings under the new house, one of which has three entrances and the other has two entrances. The local feature is that the carving in the small wood decoration is very complicated and exquisite. There is a legend about "three entrances to folk houses". When the house was built, the owner invited a sculptor of Jinhua. The sculptor took his wife to Taishun. When he finished all the decoration and carving work, his son was more than three years old. In other words, it took the master Jinhua more than three years to carve the dwellings. The exquisite carvings of the wooden decoration of the "Sanjin residence" are mainly arranged in the door and window sashes. In addition, the carvings of the brackets and brackets are also very lifelike. However, the best carvings under the new residence should be the hall door of the "Erjin residence" (next to the bright column behind the hall). The wonderful hollow carvings on the hall door, the middle tapestry ring plate and the flower heart are amazing. In the "Sanjin residence" under the new house, we found a very rare method of hall door layout. Generally, the hall door of the residence is located next to the two rear pillars of the hall, but this house has a unique method of setting the door between the two rear pillars. 　

Xicun residence

Most of the people living in the West are descendants of Lin's "Dafang" in Donglong. Most of the dwellings in the West Village are courtyard buildings. They are built either along the mountain stream or in the embrace of the field. The west village dwellings and the dwellings outside the gate tower on the other side are facing each other, and the mountain behind is the case mountain outside the gate tower. The folk houses here are simple and simple in structure and decoration, and they seem to be more harmonious with the landscape.

Houses outside the gate

The houses outside the gate house are basically intact, dating back to the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. After Lin Chen (the 16th grandson of Lin Jian) moved outside the gate tower from the East Olympic Games, he built a residence. By the time of sun Bomu, the 23rd of linjian, the villages outside the gatehouse had begun to take shape. Bomu and his sons (Guangzong, Guangzu, Guangxiang, Guangye) are all famous local figures. They are very enthusiastic about public welfare, and successively presided over (or donated money) the construction of Fengwen study, ancestral hall, Mrs. Chen's palace, Shuiwei bridge, etc. These buildings have a great influence on the local society.

Donglong ancient public buildings

The ancient public buildings in Donglong are an important part of the local vernacular architecture, and also have high cultural relic value.

ancestral hall

Lin's ancestral hall in Donglong was built in 1714, which was presided over by Lin Wencun. It is located in Houjing of Donglong. Nearly 100 years after its completion, Lin Wanshan rebuilt the ancestral hall with his people during the Jiaqing period. As for the reconstruction of the ancestral hall, there is a record in Lin's Genealogy: "in three years, the front and back two halls have been completed, the left and right two pavilions and the East and west two steps have been chiseled down to the pool, the main gate has three couplets, and the outer gate is surrounded by walls. In the south of the temple is Yuyan, in the west is Junshan, and in the middle is Wenbi peak, where one peak and four peaks stand side by side Lin's house building and ancestral temple building are all in line with "Wenbi peak". The couplet at the gate of the ancestral hall says, "the foot of Tenglong peak respects the ancestors, and the descendants of Bijia mountain." The actual function of the ancestral hall, the concept of Canyu and the simple wishes of the villagers are all involved. Lin's ancestral hall has three entrances: one is the gatehouse, the other is the hall for enjoyment, and the third is the hall for worshiping the ancestors. The main function of the ancestral hall is to hold the sacrificial activities of respecting the ancestors. In addition, the ancestral hall of the Lin family was also the meeting center for the ancients to discuss the important affairs within the clan, but these functions are no longer repeated.

Palace and Bridge

On the West Bank of Shuiwei, Yuxi, Donglong, there is a palace for Madame Chen Shifu, which was built by Lin Guangxiang during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. Lin Guangxiang is a businessman. It is said that once when a boat was sailing on the Ruian section of the Feiyun River, the wind and waves suddenly surged, and the boat was about to capsize. Later, Guangxiang offered a sacrifice to Mrs. Chen to keep it safe. After returning home, Guangxiang built the palace of the fourteenth lady of Chen. There was a stage built in the palace. Every major festival, the village organized a troupe to perform some plays loved by the villagers. The stage was demolished in the 1970s.

It is not far from the palace of Madame Chen 14. It was built by Lin Qingji, a descendant of Lin Guangye (during the period of the Republic of China). It is a two hole wooden gallery bridge with a pier and a width of 11 bays. The bridge deck is 4.7m wide and 26.2m long. The bridge spans Yuxi, Tianchou in the West and Cangshan in the East.

study

In the history of Donglong, two study rooms were built. The existing study is called "Donglong study", which is built on the right side of Lin's ancestral hall. It is a three room private school built by Lin Fengming, Lin Fangren (then the main hall of Confucianism in Hangzhou new city and Hangzhou discipline) and his son in 1760. In the early years of the Republic of China, the whole village's children were recruited to teach in Donglong academy, and Mr. Xu duren, a famous Taishun scholar, was employed to teach.

Donglong study: the study owns school fields, which are donated by individuals or drawn from the village's fields (graveyard). The school land is rented to the farmers by the "teacher" or the principal, and the farmers pay the school land rent (grain). During the Republic of China, a student had to pay 200-300 Jin of rice a year. A "gentleman" received 800 Jin of grain in half a year.

Architectural art of Donglong ancient dwellings

Village site selection

Among the three ancient people in Donglong, the gate tower is the most complete, with the largest scale and the highest cultural value. The village outside menjie has a broad territory, continuous mountains, lush trees and streams. In front of the village, there is a very beautiful Bijia peak. All these are in line with the geomantic philosophy of Qinglong, Baihu, Zhuque and Xuanwu. There is a local legend about Lin's descendants moving from Dongao to outside the gate tower. Lin Chen is familiar with Canyu, astronomy and geography. After many times of observation on Dongao, he thinks that this place is not a place for farming. Later, he found the "treasure land" Xiping (outside the gate tower). It is estimated that the ancient villages outside the gate tower were built in the middle of Ming Dynasty.

The spatial layout of folk houses

The residence is a courtyard style, with seven or nine rooms in the main room and five rooms in the wing room. The overall structural layout of the residential buildings is in the order of gatehouse (mostly one entrance, but also two entrances), courtyard, two chambers, main room, Backyard (flower garden); the ancillary buildings are toilet, pigsty, cowshed, etc.

(1) Gate Tower: outside the gate tower, there was a gate tower built at the entrance of the village, which was destroyed later to defend against mountain bandits. Two gatehouses are generally built in folk houses. Most of the gatehouses are made of brick and stone, highlighting the defensive function. There are often banners and couplets above the lintel of the stone gatehouse. The second entrance building is made of wood.

(2) Courtyard: courtyard is a place for activities and leisure, which can be used for practice and leisure.

(3) Main room: the main room hall (Mingjian) is the place where weddings and funerals are held. The wooden walls around the hall are often pasted with couplets and family instructions. There are two rooms around the hall (the second room, the tip room, and the last room). The former is the dining place for guests, and the latter is the kitchen.

(4) Wing room: the descendants always live in the wing room. Some of the rooms were also made into halls, and some literati, according to their personal preference, hung a plaque on the wall of the small hall of the wing room, named so and so Xuan, on which were written poems. In ancient times, women stayed in the two rooms all day long, staying at home, and their life and activities were limited to the wing room. "The old father didn't see his daughter for three years" and "the bride didn't go out of the building for seven years" were the portrayal of women's situation in feudal society.

(5) Backyard: most of the folk houses outside the gate house have flower beds, flowers and trees, fish and birds, clear wind and bright moon, poems and Fu. It is also a small world with unique caves.

(6) Floor: the residence is a two-story building. The function of the first floor is as mentioned above. The second floor is usually a bedroom, or a study, storage room, etc.

Architectural structure of folk houses

The beam structure of residential buildings mainly includes beam lifting type, bucket piercing type, beam inserting type, or the combination of beam lifting type and bucket piercing type. There are two types of houses outside the gatehouse: the combination of beam lifting and bucket piercing, and beam inserting. Among them, the inserted beam frame is a special kind of beam frame technology, which is often seen in the southeast coastal areas of China. One end of the beam is inserted into the central pillar, and the other end falls on the golden pillar (child pillar). This kind of beam frame structure is different from the load-bearing beam of beam lifting type falling on the column head, and the string beam which only plays the role of connection with the non load-bearing beam between columns of bucket type.

Dougong

There are two types of Dougong: stigmaceae (Dougong on the stigma) and shenidae (Dougong on the architrave between two stigmas). Generally speaking, the form of Dougong outside the gatehouse is relatively simple, most of which are one Dou and two Sheng, that is to say, a melon arch is horizontally installed on the bucket seat, and the two ends of the arch are installed with grooves. The flat body family appears on the forehead arch of the wing room. The longer forehead arch runs through three bays, and the flat body family arch only has a melon arch with three steps.

Bofengban, Xuanyu, jiaocao

(1) Bofeng board Bofeng board is a board nailed to protect the purlin and rafters, which is mostly used on the mountain surface at both ends of the roof. Rafters of wooden gatehouse

Chinese PinYin : Dong Yang Gu Min Ju