Mausoleum of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty

The mausoleum covers an area of 30000 square meters and consists of stone archways, Mausoleum gates, city walls, stone towers, side halls and mausoleums. The whole mausoleum is unique in shape and majestic in momentum. The city walls, stone towers and mausoleums are rare burial styles of emperors in the world, which are typical architectural styles of Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Arrival traffic: bus No.103 only goes to Jiadi group station. You need to walk about 1km to get there

Mausoleum of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty

Sui Yangdi mausoleum, now a provincial cultural protection unit, is located in Huaier village, huaisi Town, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou city. Yang Guang (569-618 AD), emperor of the Sui Dynasty, reigned for 14 years. He was first buried in Liuzhu Hall of Jiangdu palace, and later buried under the stage of Wu Gong. After the Tang Dynasty flattened the south of the Yangtze River, he was buried at the present site of leitang with Emperor's ceremony. In the 12th year of Jiaqing (1807) of the Qing Dynasty, Ruan Yuan of the university built a stone for it, and Yi bingshou, the governor of Yangzhou, wrote "mausoleum of Sui Yang emperor". In April 2013, two ancient tombs were found during the construction of a real estate project in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou city. The epitaph of one of the two tombs shows that the owner of the tomb is Yang Guang, Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty.

On November 16, 2013, the State Administration of cultural relics and the Chinese society of archaeology organized a demonstration meeting on the archaeological excavation results of the Sui and Tang tombs in Caozhuang, Yangzhou. More than 10 Chinese archaeologists, including Huang JINGLUE, Xu Guangyi and Wang Wei, attended the demonstration meeting. Experts unanimously confirmed that the Sui and Tang tombs in Caozhuang, Yangzhou were the tombs of Sui Yang emperor and the last burial place of Sui Yang emperor Yang Guang and empress Xiao

At the same time, the State Administration of cultural relics officially announced that the Sui and Tang tombs in Xihu Town, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou were the joint tombs of Sui Yang emperor and empress Xiao. There is also a "mausoleum of Sui Yang emperor" in Shaanxi.

On October 7, 2019, it will be included in the list of the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

West Lake mausoleum site

find

In April 2013, an ancient tomb suspected of Sui Yang emperor's mausoleum was found in Xihu Town, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou city. On April 12, 2013, the State Administration of cultural relics sent three archaeological experts, Liu Qingzhu, Xin Lixiang and Lin Liugen, to inspect the site. The experts initially believed that the owner of the tomb should be Yang Guang, Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty.

In order to coordinate with the city's infrastructure construction, Yangzhou Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology found two remains of ancient tombs at a real estate project site in Xihu Town, Hanjiang District. After rescue cleaning, it was found that the two tombs were brick chamber tombs in the late Sui and early Tang Dynasties, and an epitaph was unearthed in the west side of the tomb, with the words "suigu Yangdi epitaph" in the inscription, indicating that the owner of the tomb was Yang Guang of Sui Yangdi. In this tomb also unearthed gold-plated copper shop head, gold inlaid jade belt and other cultural relics. The excavation of the eastern tomb has just begun.

The excavated tombs on the west side are 4.98 meters long from north to South and 5.88 meters long from east to west. It can be said that even the tomb system of the ancient rich people can not meet the standard.

Yangzhou cultural relics department said that the tomb had previously been stolen and excavated. In addition to the epitaph, a gold-plated copper shop head with a large size was unearthed. In addition, a gold inlaid jade belt was unearthed, which proved that the tomb owner was distinguished.

textual research

Shu Jiaping said that after obtaining the discovery, the cultural relics department of Yangzhou city immediately reported it to the Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of cultural relics and the State Bureau of cultural relics. Three archaeologists sent by the State Administration of cultural relics conducted on-site investigation to guide the archaeological work. At a special report meeting on archaeological work jointly held by the State Administration of cultural relics and Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of cultural relics, experts initially believed that the owner of the tomb should be Yang Guang, the Sui Yang emperor.

Closed protection measures have been taken to ensure the safety of the archaeological site. The cultural relics department of Yangzhou City has perfected the archaeological plan, and will carry out the next step of archaeological work in a scientific and orderly manner in strict accordance with the requirements of the "cultural relics protection law" and "field archaeological work regulations".

The two tombs cover an area of only 20-30 square meters, far less than the scale and momentum of the imperial mausoleum. What's more, they are not in line with Yang Guang's personality. This is mainly related to the cause of his death. In 618 ad, during Emperor Yang's tour of Yangzhou, the imperial guards launched a mutiny, elected yuwenhuaji, an important minister, as the leader, and hanged Yang Guang. The epitaph inscription records that the time of the owner's death was 618 A.D., which is consistent with the historical facts.

According to historical records, the mausoleum of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty has been moved many times. < I Yang Guang < / I after his death, empress Xiao and the palace people made a coffin out of lacquer bed boards and buried him in Liuzhu Hall of Jiangdu palace. After Yu Wenhua and his troops left Jiangdu, Chen Ling, the general guarding Jiangdu, mourned for emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty and was buried under the stage of Duke Wu.

In 622 ad, Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, ordered the mausoleum of emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty to be moved to leitang. In 648 ad, empress Xiao died. Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty ordered her to be sent to Jiangdu to be buried with emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty. Based on the above historical data, experts speculated that the owner of another tomb should be empress Xiao.

Reasons for misjudgment

Previously announced provincial cultural protection unit Sui Yang emperor mausoleum, located in Hanjiang District huaisi town Huaier village. The reason for this misjudgment lies in the fact that after the Tang Dynasty, the mausoleum of emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was gradually deserted and unknown. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, Ruan Yuan, a great scholar, believed that a large mound in Huaier village today was the mausoleum of emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, so he paid for the restoration and entrusted Yi bingshou, a calligrapher and Yangzhou magistrate, to write the tombstone. Since the 1980s, after many renovations, it has become a famous tourist attraction in Yangzhou. However, this archaeological discovery restored the historical truth and determined the real location of the mausoleum of Sui Yangdi.

Original debut

On September 2, 2014, in order to meet the needs of tourists, Yangzhou cultural relics department re exhibited the cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Sui Yang emperor. In addition to the reappearance of the cultural relics previously on display, some new cultural relics have been added to the exhibition. Among them, the original "iron proof" epitaph that can prove the owner of the tomb of Sui Yang emperor has appeared for the first time.

Huaisi mausoleum site

Huaisi town mausoleum site, for the Qing Dynasty misidentified mausoleum site, is now a provincial cultural security unit, located in Hanjiang District huaisi town Huaier village. In the 14th year of Daye, Jiangdu mutiny, Sima Dekan and other rebels incited mutiny, pushed Yuwen Huaji to kill Sui Yangdi.

After Yang Guang's death, empress Xiao and the palace people made a coffin out of lacquer board and buried it in Liuzhu hall, West courtyard of Jiangdu palace. Later, Chen Ling gathered all the people to mourn for emperor Yang and prepare for the ceremony. Instead, she was buried under the stage of Duke Wu. She lost her staff and mourned. Tang Wude five years (622) and the emperor ceremony moved to the north of leitang.

As a result of age, Sui Yangdi mausoleum gradually deserted, has been unknown. It was not until the 12th year of Jiaqing (1807) that it was discovered by Ruan Yuan, a Yangzhou scholar who lived near leitang, so it was renovated. In front of the mausoleum of emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, there is a stone tablet erected when Ruan Yuan built the mausoleum. The inscription "Sui Yangdi mausoleum" was written by Yi bingshou, a calligrapher and Yangzhou magistrate at that time. On the right side is "Ruan Yuan Jianshi, a former governor of Zhejiang Province in the 12th year of Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty", and on the left side is "yibingshou, the governor of Yangzhou". To the south of the mausoleum, there is a stone slope for visitors to climb. The mausoleum is surrounded by pines and cypresses. After 1983, the Shinto and the mausoleum were repaired. Surrounded by lush trees, mostly pines and cypresses, Photinia and Ligustrum lucidum.

Historical evolution

"When you enter the country, you climb the bridge, and when you leave the country, the red chamber is full of sunshine and willows every year. The king could not bear to flatten Chen's business, but only to exchange a few mu of land in leitang. " Sui Yangdi mausoleum is located in leitang, 4 kilometers north of Yangzhou City, East Road of Sui Yangdi, huaisi Town, Hanjiang District. Daye 14 years (618), the first funeral in the palace Liuzhu hall, later buried in the northwest of the city of Wu Gongtai, Tang Wude three years (620), Tang Gaozu to Emperor ceremony buried in leitang site, its tomb is deserted for a long time.

Leitang, also known as "leipo", is said to have been built here by King Wu. In the Southern Dynasties, landscape gardens, pavilions and pavilions were famous places in the south of the Yangtze River. After the Song Dynasty, there was only one tomb left, which was called "Tomb mound". Zong Yuanding, a later Yangzhou literati, satirized Sui Yang emperor by writing poems, saying: the rise and fall of the imperial industry is very serious, but the romantic style still remains. But I would rather die than go back to Kowloon.

In 1807, when Ruan Yuan, a scholar, discovered the tomb, he rebuilt it and engraved it with the four characters "Sui Yang emperor's tomb" in Li style, which was written by Yi bingshou, a calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty and the governor of Yangzhou. After 1983, it was repaired one after another, and the tomb path and platform were restored. Surrounded by lush trees, mostly pines and cypresses, Photinia and Ligustrum lucidum.

List of mausoleum areas

The king could not bear to change the land of Chen into half an acre of land in leitang.

As an emperor for thousands of years, the mausoleum of Sui Yang emperor, who unified China, pacified the border areas, opened canals, built chidao, built the Great Wall, built Luoyang and built Yulin, was very small. You can see the grave bag as soon as you enter the door. However, although the area is small, it does not lose the domineering spirit of the mausoleum of the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Entering the mausoleum area, on the beam of the tall stele building is written the four regular script of "mausoleum of Sui Yang emperor" Dou da. The gate of the mausoleum is magnificent. The spacious main gate is equipped with two side halls. The left side hall is a picture of the life of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty

In the exhibition, dozens of pictures are displayed, presenting a brief introduction of Emperor Sui Yang's life with both merits and demerits. On the right side of the hall is a row of calligraphy and painting rooms, with works of famous calligraphers and painters in Jiangsu Province and Yangzhou city. Among them, Ding Jiatong, a veteran literary general in Yangzhou and author of the long historical novel emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, wrote the most attractive long axis: "as far as the Sui Dynasty is concerned, it is a river where the Sui Dynasty died, so far it has been a thousand miles away from Tongbo. If there was no dragon boat incident in Shuidian, Gongyu would not have done much.

The mausoleum covers an area of 30000 square meters and consists of stone archways, Mausoleum gates, city walls, stone towers, side halls and mausoleums. The whole mausoleum is unique in shape and majestic in momentum. The city walls, stone towers and mausoleums are rare burial styles of emperors in the world, which are typical architectural styles of Sui and Tang Dynasties.

There is a huge tombstone in front of the tomb, and the base is a ladder

The upper part is a sheet cloud, and the upper left part of the middle part is engraved with "Qing Dynasty Jiaqing 10"

Chinese PinYin : Sui Yang Di Ling