Linshui Palace

Gutian Linshui Palace

synonym

Linshui Palace (Gutian temple, Ningde City, Fujian Province) generally refers to Gutian Linshui palace

Gutian Linshui palace, also known as Linshui Shunyi temple, was built in 792 of the Tang Dynasty. It is located in Yangzhong village, Daqiao Town, Gutian County, Ningde City, Fujian Province, covering a total area of 8003.13 square meters.

Linshui palace is a sacrificial temple in Song Dynasty (1241-1252). It is a ancestral temple dedicated to the belief of Linshui lady. The whole building group is divided into three parts: the sacrificial building group of the main temple, the sacrificial building group outside the palace and the service area. It is northeast to southwest. The central axis of the main hall is 25 degrees north by East. The group buildings include Yimen, main hall, auxiliary hall and side hall.

In March 2013, Gutian Linshui palace was approved as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Historical evolution

Founded in Tang Dynasty

Most scholars generally agree that the time when Lin Shui's wife Chen Jinggu was born and died is between the second year of Dali (767) and the sixth year of Zhenyuan (790). According to the records of Shunyi temple in Linshui written by Zhang Yining of the Yuan Dynasty, the temple was built in the Tang Dynasty. It is said that Chen Jinggu was worshipped by local people shortly after her death.

The earliest record of Chen Jinggu's early miraculous events and his death is Fengjing miscellaneous records by anonymous in Yuan Dynasty. According to the book:

In the great calendar of Tang Dynasty, there were Chen's women in Gutian County, Fujian Province. They were born to be different. They were able to speak in advance, but not always. Play every cut kite butterfly and so on, poof with water, that is flying up and down. It's the same as the order to stop the cattle and horses.

If you are happy in your diet, you can always fight. Or a few days in the valley. People are different. Parents can't ban it. If you die before you write, you will be accompanied by a boy's words, and the villagers will kowtow to the misfortunes and blessings of floods and droughts. Then he set up a temple to worship Yan. Mrs. Shunyi of the Song Dynasty was the most famous one. Today, most people in Fujian worship it.

His miraculous deeds are related to the fact that he was a witch before he died. From the point of view that "he died before he wrote, attached a boy to talk about things, and the villagers kowtowed to the misfortunes and blessings of flood and drought, his words are all true", his earliest worship was in the wizard altar. Soon after, it had a great influence and attracted the attention of the villagers, so there was the act of "setting up a temple to worship Yan".

This is probably the real situation that Chen Jinggu was worshipped in the township temple since the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and its time should be in the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792) or a similar period of time. This is the initial stage of Chen Jinggu's belief in the temple.

The revolution of song and Yuan Dynasties

Innovation in Song Dynasty

During the 450 years from Zhenyuan in the middle Tang Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, the belief of Linshui lady has been widely spread among the people. According to historical records, in the early Chunyou period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1241-1245), Xu qingsou, who was then the magistrate of Fuzhou, submitted the legend of Chen Jinggu's miracle to the imperial court, so there was a grant from the imperial court. The largest Ding of Linshui palace was built in this period. Besides the inscription of Hong Tianxi, a Jinshi of Jinjiang County in Song Dynasty (the inscription has been lost), it was later recorded in Wu Mingshi's Hu Hai Xin Yi Jian Xu Zhi and Zhang Yining's Lin Shui Shun Yi Miao Ji in Yuan Dynasty. Later, in 1461, Li Xian compiled the unified annals of the Ming Dynasty, in 1490, Huang zhongzhao compiled the general annals of Fujian, in 1520, ye Pu compiled the annals of Fuzhou, in 1540, fan song compiled the annals of Jianning, in 1581, Wang Yingshan compiled the annals of Fujian, and in 1600, Liu Yueyang compiled the annals of Fujian《 Gutian County annals and other government and county annals also contain its details. Due to the lack of literature in the Song Dynasty, it is impossible to know in detail the construction and scale of the palace when it was granted "Shunyi", but it can be imagined that the great construction of the palace was inevitable after it was granted.

Construction in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty is a dynasty established by Mongolians conquering Song Dynasty with jingo TieMa. It once destroyed Chinese culture, but it was tolerant in religious activities. In order to meet the needs of ruling, he used the "metaphysics" of the orthodox school of Taoism to strengthen the management of palaces and temples throughout the country, and even "made rites to famous mountains and rivers, and repeatedly increased the rank of temple officials, in order to respect ghosts and gods and assist politics and religion." Because of its influence in Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi areas, Gutian Linshui palace attracted the attention of the Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, in the second year of yuanyanyou (1315), Yunjin (i.e. Longhushan) Taoist, the great master of Taoism in charge of the world, came to Gutian as a Taoist official to "master min's temple of water god".

In the Yuan Dynasty, Linshui palace was built on a larger scale on the basis of Song Dynasty. In Shunyi Temple records by Zhang Yining of the Yuan Dynasty, the whole process of the construction of the palace and temple was described

There are two or six new incense pavilions outside and inside, one in the shrine and one in the palace of creation. Renovate Yimen, QianDian, houlie, dressing building, dismount, drink happiness. For example, the painting and decoration, the red lacquer and the masonry work are extremely exquisite. Before the stone wall, to wing dragon head, after the canal, to kill the potential. In addition, the ancestral hall was set up to repay the virtue of Wu Gong. It began in the reign of Dinghai and ended in the spring of Wuzi. It's magnificent, it's frightening. The old people of the city worshiped and worshipped the temple, believing that they had not seen the flourishing of the temple since it was built.

From Zhang Yining's writings, there are many twists and turns in the reconstruction of Zhiyuan Dynasty.

In the first year of Yuantong (1333), Li Shi, the marshal of Xuanwei City in eastern Zhejiang Province, came to visit the temple and proposed to expand the temple, but there was no discussion. In 1347, when Chen Sui, a native of Fuzhou, was an official in Fuzhou, he also felt the power of the gods. He reported the miracles of Linshui palace to the imperial court and applied for the seal of the palace for reconstruction. Although the ministers of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province agreed to the application, there was no reply. Chen Sui, who was then a historian of Guangze County, was returning home, so he devoted himself to the construction of the temple and led his colleagues to jointly undertake the preparatory work. Thanks to the cooperation of Wei and Xue Erjun, who were then ancient historians of Guangze County, as well as the huge amount of money, he moved the believers. Inspired by him, the believers from far and near donated money and invested in it, so that the renovation and expansion of Linshui palace was soon completed.

In addition to a number of incense pavilions inside and outside, there are one shrine and one generative palace; Yimen, front hall, back bedroom hall, dressing house, dismounting and drinking pavilion are rebuilt, and supporting projects such as statues, color painting and red lacquer painting of the temple are carried out, making the temple magnificent and dazzling. It was first built in 1347 and completed in the spring of 1348. This is the largest expansion of Linshui palace. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although it has been trimmed many times, it has not completely changed its scale pattern. The main hall of the temple, the dressing house behind the temple and the palace of generation are still in shape. At that time, it was very spectacular in the mountainous areas with a small population and underdeveloped economy. It's no wonder that the old people at that time greatly praised Zhang Yining for his success when he said "since there was a temple, he didn't see Sisheng". Therefore, Zhang Yining was very happy to see his success, so he was "elated". He was invited by the audience to write an article for him in the first month of the ninth year of Zhizheng (1349) of the Yuan Dynasty.

Repair in Ming Dynasty

In the Ming Dynasty, Linshui palace basically maintained the pattern of song and Yuan Dynasties. From all aspects of literature, it was only partially built, and there was no sign of overhaul. In the Ming Dynasty, there were few records about the renovation of Linshui palace in historical documents, so the changes of the palace and temple were not detailed. However, from the relevant literature, we can see the additional structure and facilities of Linshui palace.

Construction of instrument gate

Outside the gate tower (Yi gate) outside the gate of Linshui palace, there are two pairs of Baogu stones on the left and right. There are inscriptions on one side of the drum face. From the Baogu stone and inscriptions, as the inscription on the stone drum on the left gate says: "the Jiachen of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, once Chen Fuhai (BI) of Zhuyuan road has finished building the door (ball), the words" wish everyone's son, sun Changsheng, and the gate, Qingji and Pingan "vaguely reveal that Yimen was in the 20th century of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty It was built in 1484.

In addition to the inscription "zhuyuandao" (the Taoist living in Temple), the other participants are Lin Ninggu, a nun of renshoufang, Gutian County, Laifo, laijing, Laifu and Laining in tanyue, 46 capitals, Chen Changlin, Chen Zuju, Chen Yao, Chen Ji, Zheng Tingxi, Zheng Cheng, Zheng Bi, Zhang Cheng, Zhang Yao, Zhang Xuan, Zhang Zhong and Zhang Duan, and Chen daoyong, 44 capitals Peng Zu, the 38th capital, Wu Zongxian, you zongjin, and others gave up silver and rice to help. In addition, there are other counties in Nanping County, such as Chen dung, a believer in qingshuifang in zhangdunjing, yudongli, baofuli, Chen Daosheng, Chen Linsen and Chen Zongjian, Chen Zheng, Chen Guang and Chen Gongyu in xianghufang, Wang Yunji, Wang Yunyuan, Wang Shijian and Wang Yingli in Xifang, quhengjing, xianqiaoli, Xie fazhuan, Wei Zonghai, kuanyuanqing and Deng mingniang in Liukeng, Badu, Shaxian. It shows that in the 20th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, there were some moves to build Yimen in Linshui palace. Obviously, the money donated was for the gate building project, not just for the construction of a pair of Baogu stones.

Build dressing bridge and Baihua Bridge

In order to make the Linshui palace a perfect holy land for Linshui lady's belief, local officials and people had a grand plan to perfect the Linshui Holy Land in Linshui river basin for a long time, so there were corresponding building facilities in the Ming Dynasty. According to the records of Gutian County annals in the 28th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1600), it is found that

Dressing bridge is on the road from the south of Daqiao town to Linshui palace. Baihua bridge is about 300 meters from the south of Linshui palace to Fuzhou. Both bridges are the most important places for the legend of Chen Jinggu belief. According to the legend, the dressing bridge is the place where Lin Jiuniang collects ghosts from CHANGKENG, while Baihua bridge is the place where Chen Jinggu's followers pray for their children and pass through the customs. The two bridges have a very sacred position in folklore, one in front of the other in back, forming a holy space with Linshui palace as a whole.

Li altar in Linshui Palace

There is a Li altar outside the Linshui palace, which was built in the Ming Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Lin Shui Gong