Jinyun Mountain

Jinyun Mountain is located in Beibei District, Shapingba District and Bishan County of Chongqing city. It is about 45 km away from Central District of Chongqing city and 15 km away from Beibei city. It is a section of a branch of Huaying Mountain anticline. The nine peaks of Jinyun Mountain stand upright and rise from the ground. The ancient trees on the mountain are towering, and the green bamboos become forests. The environment is quiet and the scenery is beautiful, so it is called "little Emei". Jinyun Mountain, located at Wentang gorge of Jialing River in Beibei District, is an "anticline" mountain created by "Yanshan movement" 70 million years ago. Jinyun Mountain has nine peaks from north to south, including Chaori peak, Xianglu peak, Shizi peak and juyun peak. Among them, yujianfeng is the highest, 1050 meters above sea level; shizifeng is the most precipitous and spectacular, and other peaks also have their own styles.

Jinyun Mountain

statement

This entry introduces the Jinyun Mountain itself. For the information of Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve, please refer to the entry of "Chongqing Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve".

Jinyun Mountain is located on the Wentang gorge of Jialing River in Beibei District of Chongqing city. It is the "anticline" mountain created by the "Yanshan movement" 70 million years ago. The mountains are shrouded with white clouds, like fog but not fog, like smoke but not smoke. Morning and evening clouds, colorful, colorful. The ancients called "more red and less white" as "Jin", so it was named Jinyun Mountain.

Jinyun Mountain, together with the small Three Gorges of Jialing River and Hechuan fishing City, has been designated as a national natural scenic spot. Jinyun Mountain covers an area of 76 square kilometers with an altitude of 350-951 meters. Jinyun Mountain is famous for its pleasant scenery and rich plant resources.

In February 2020, in order to pay tribute to the medical workers struggling in the front line of anti epidemic, from the end of the epidemic to the end of 2020, medical workers across the country will visit the park free of charge with valid certificates.

geographical environment

Introduction

Jinyun Mountain in Chongqing, known as "Jinling Yunxia", is located at Wentang gorge of Jialing River in Beibei District. It can be called the best place to watch the sunrise, see the sea of clouds, summer, winter fog, and enjoy the natural landscape of evergreen broad-leaved forest.

The ancient name of Jinyun Mountain, Bashan, was recorded as early as in Huangdi Neijing. Jinyun Mountain is known as Jinyun Mountain because it is surrounded by clouds and fog all the year round. Its color is as red as haze, but not as smoke. In addition, the ancients called it "more red and less white is Jin". Later, Li Shangyin passed a que: "you asked if there is a time for your return. The rain rises in the autumn pool at night. How can we cut the candles in the west window together, but talk about the rain at night in Bashan. Let "Bashan night rain" world famous, and the poem of Bashan refers to the Beibei Jinyun Mountain.

geographical position

Chongqing Jinyun Mountain is located at 106 ° 17 ′ - 106 ° 24 ′ e, 29 ° 41 ′ - 29 ° 52 ′ n, 200-952.5 m above sea level. It is located on the West Bank of Wentang gorge, the small Three Gorges of Jialing River, Beibei District, Chongqing, 35 km away from the center of Chongqing. It is a branch of the abdominal Anticline of Huaying Mountain.

Geology and geomorphology

The geological structure of Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve belongs to the brush shaped arc structure of Huaying Mountain in eastern Sichuan fold belt. The fold belt is composed of three obvious nne-ssw trending anticlines and two synclines. The structural units from northwest to southeast are niubixia anticline, wentangxia anticline and guanyinxia Zhongliangshan anticline respectively. There are wide and gentle Chengjiang syncline and Beibei inclined valley between the anticlines. Jialingjiang River cuts three anticlines and two synclines from northwest to Southeast, thus forming three steep anticlines The canyons are the Ligao gorge, Wentang gorge and Guanyin gorge.

On both sides of the canyon, the mountains are high, the rocks are steep, the cliff is deep, and the situation is dangerous. Its magnificent momentum is like the epitome of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, so it is known as the "small Three Gorges of Jialing River". The fold belt was formed during the Sichuan movement at the end of Cretaceous and the beginning of tertiary. The strata are Triassic, Jurassic and Quaternary. Jinyun Mountain is a part of wentangxia anticline which is in the middle of three anticlines. It faces the foot of xiaosanxia mountain with beautiful scenery. The altitude is 200-952.2m and the relative elevation difference is 752.2m.

The southern part of Jinyun Mountain is a box ridge with a flat top. The west wing is gentle with a slope of about 20 ° and the east wing is steep with a slope of 60 ° to 70 ° so the plants and vegetation on the two wings are different.

Water distribution

Jinyun Mountain rock layer is composed of sand and shale, the upper layer is thick sandstone, the lower layer is shale, shale water. The thicker the rock is, the more water there is. At the interface of sandstone and shale, there is contact water flowing out. After coal mining, there is coal cave water in the coal cave. Under the long-term action of the water, the rock mass is formed with the ridge line as the watershed. Many parallel parallel rivers and gullies on the southeast and northwest wings constitute the comb like water system of Jinyun Mountain.

The length of gullies is generally 0.7-1km, the longest is 1.8km, and the shortest is 0.5km. Most of them belong to young gullies, and their curvature is not obvious. Most of them are linear gullies, while the gullies are "V" shaped. The valley is 10-50 meters wide, and some are several meters wide. Due to the large storage capacity of the mountain, most of the gullies (12 Gullies) have perennial water and become mountain springs to meet the domestic water needs of workers, villagers and tourists, and the coal cave water has also become the irrigation water for the hilly land with higher terrain. All this water eventually flows into the Jialing River. Within the scope of the reserve, there are a total of 11 artificial dams, ponds and gullies.

Soil mineral resources

The soil in Jinyun Mountain is acidic yellow soil and paddy soil formed by weathering of Triassic Xujiahe Formation thick quartz sandstone, carbonaceous shale and argillaceous sandstone. The piedmont area is a neutral or slightly calcareous yellow loaned purple soil developed on the purple sand shale interlayer in Jurassic.

The soil in Jinyun Mountain can be divided into yellow soil and paddy soil, with a small amount of sporadic purple soil. The yellow soil can be divided into two subgroups: yellow soil and yellow soil, each of which has a genus, namely, cold sandy yellow soil and cold sandy yellow soil. There are 6 soil species in cold sandy yellow soil and 4 soil species in cold sandy yellow soil. There is only one subclass, one soil genus and three soil species in paddy soil.

Forest vegetation

Among them, Chongqing Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve covers a total area of 7600 hectares, the core area of 1235 hectares, the buffer area of 1505 hectares and the experimental area of 4860 hectares.

The forest coverage rate of Jinyun Mountain is 96.6%. There is a large area of evergreen broad-leaved forest in the reserve, with a variety of representative ecosystems, reflecting the natural background of the mid subtropical forest ecosystem to a certain extent. It is a typical ecological complex species gene pool of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Jinyun Mountain is rich in species diversity. It has a typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest landscape well preserved in the Yangtze River Basin and a relatively stable ecosystem. It has preserved many ancient and isolated plants with special morphology.

climate

The annual average temperature is 13.6 ℃, the average temperature in the hottest month (August) is 24.3 ℃, the average temperature in the coldest month (January) is 3.1 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 36.2 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 4.6 ℃, and the annual accumulated temperature of 10 ℃ is 4272.4 ℃; the annual average relative humidity is 87%, the annual average water vapor pressure is 14.9 MB; the annual average precipitation is 1611.8 mm, and the maximum annual precipitation is 17.8 mm The precipitation in winter (October to March) is 368.0 mm, accounting for 22.8% of the whole year; the precipitation in summer (April to September) is 1243.8 mm, accounting for 77.2% of the whole year; the annual average evaporation is 777.1 mm, the monthly average evaporation is 64.7 mm, the evaporation in July and August is 255.4 mm, accounting for 32.8% of the whole year; the annual average number of fog days is 89.8 days, and the annual average sunshine hours is less than 1293 hours. In Jinyun Mountain, the highest monthly average temperature (August) is 24.5 ℃, the lowest monthly average temperature (February) is 3.7 ℃, and the annual range of monthly average temperature is 20.8 ℃; in the open area outside the forest, the highest monthly average temperature is 25.8 ℃, the lowest monthly average temperature is 3.3 ℃, and the annual range of monthly average temperature is 22.5 ℃, which is 1.7 ℃ higher than that in the forest; in the hottest month, the average temperature outside the forest is 1.3 ℃ higher than that in the forest, and in the coldest month, the average temperature outside the forest is 0.4 ℃ lower than that in the forest.

Resource status

mineral resources

The mineral resources in Jinyun Mountain are mainly coal with a small amount of iron ore. The coal seams are mainly distributed in Caijiagou, yangsigou, Shuanghekou and huangyangou in the north of Jinyun and modianzi, shuimamen and Malinba in the southeast. According to statistics, from 1926 to 1933, Baoyuan coal mine company mined coal in Jinyun Mountain, with the highest annual output of 125085 tons. Iron ore is mainly distributed in the Northeast Huoshaoshan, rudder drum stone and along the highway. In 1958, iron was made in this mountain iron ore.

Animal resources

Jinyun Mountain is rich in wildlife resources because of its good forest vegetation and wildlife habitat. In the 1950s, there were large predators such as tigers and leopards. With the increase of human activities, in the early 1960s, tigers and leopards and other large predators disappeared.

Due to the constraints of human and material resources, the wild animal resources in Jinyun Mountain have not been investigated in detail until 1999, only the terrestrial vertebrates of Arthropoda and vertebrate subphylla have been investigated. The results show that there are 2 classes, 20 orders and 14 genera of Arthropoda in Jinyun Mountain

Chinese PinYin : Jin Yun Shan