Ting Kau Bridge

With the rapid economic growth of Hong Kong in the 1980s and 1990s, the development of its infrastructure also went hand in hand. In line with the development of new markets, new container terminals and Chek Lap airport, Hong Kong's road network has also been expanded to maintain an efficient transport system. The ting Kau Bridge and its elevated approach cross the Rambler Strait, connect the Tai Lam Tunnel and Tsing Yi section of route 3, and run through Hong Kong, Kowloon and the Northwest New Territories. The contract for design and construction of the bridge valued at HK $1.73 billion was awarded in August 1994 to Ting Kau joint venture, which is composed of Spain yaoqin and Anzhu Co., Ltd., Germany Xujian Co., Ltd., New Zealand Danone Co., Ltd. and later joined Hong Kong Baohua Construction Co., Ltd. After 44 months, the bridge was officially opened to traffic in May 1998.

Ting Kau Bridge

With the rapid economic growth of Hong Kong in the 1980s and 1990s, the development of its infrastructure also went hand in hand. In line with the development of new markets, new container terminals and Chek Lap airport, Hong Kong's road network has also been expanded to maintain an efficient transport system. The ting Kau Bridge and its elevated approach cross the Rambler Strait, connect the Tai Lam Tunnel and Tsing Yi section of route 3, and run through Hong Kong, Kowloon and the Northwest New Territories. The contract for design and construction of the bridge valued at HK $1.73 billion was awarded in August 1994 to Ting Kau joint venture, which is composed of Spain yaoqin and Anzhu Co., Ltd., Germany Xujian Co., Ltd., New Zealand Danone Co., Ltd. and later joined Hong Kong Baohua Construction Co., Ltd. After 44 months, the bridge was officially opened to traffic on May 6, 1998.

Basic introduction

Ting Kau Bridge

Located in Hong Kong, it is the longest three tower cable-stayed bridge in the world. It was completed and opened to traffic on May 6, 1998. The main span of the bridge is 1177m, and the total length of the approach road is 1875m. Belonging to route 3, the bridge crosses the Rambler Strait and connects Ting Kau with Tsing Yi. The bridge deck is a three line two-way expressway. The speed limit is 80 km / h. Ting Kau Bridge enables vehicles from northwest New Territories to easily and quickly reach the Tsing Ma Bridge and KAP Shui Mun bridge on the Lantau link to Lantau Island and the Hong Kong International Airport. It is worth mentioning that most taxi (taxi) drivers in Hong Kong call the bridge "San Ting Kau Bridge" to avoid confusion with the viaduct of Ting Kau section 1 of Tuen Mun highway.

Supporting Ting Kau Bridge

The three single column pylons, 194 m, 167 m and 162 m high, are located on the artificial island, Ting Kau promontory and the northwest coast of Tsing Yi Island in the Rambler Strait. In terms of weight, structural steel weighs 8900 metric tons and concrete 29000 cubic meters. The bridge is designed to withstand wind speeds of up to 95 meters per second.

Ting Kau Bridge - Basic Features

Main span: 448m + 475m

Total length: 1177m

Highest tower height: 195m

Navigation at the bottom of Jinggao bridge: 60m

Design and construction period: 44 months

Bridge body:

There is a big difference between the design and the general cable-stayed bridge. The pylons are in the form of single columns instead of the typical a or H-shape. Due to the low stability of the single strut pylon, the designer added a pair of cross beams to the pylon, and then connected the top and bottom parts of the pylon with cables to enhance its stability.

inhaul cable:

The bridge body is supported by 384 cables. The cables are composed of 17 to 58 steel strands. Each steel strand is 15.7mm in diameter and is composed of 7 galvanized steel wires. Basically, the more inclined the cable is, the more tendons there are. There is a white protective shell outside the cable.

Ting Kau Bridge - Design

Ting Kau Bridge is a three tower cable-stayed bridge. Its three single column pylons are located on Ting Kau promontory, the northwest coast of Tsing Yi Island and the artificial island in the Rambler Strait. The most unique features of these thin woven pylons are the steel beams under the bridge deck and the transverse stabilizing cables to provide the pylons with enough strength to withstand the extremely high wind speed encountered during typhoon. At the same time, the main bridge tower is also stabilized by connecting from the cable to the bridge surface of both towers.

The tower faces of Ting Kau Bridge are built on both sides of the three towers respectively. This arrangement makes the appearance of the tower more skillful and has better windproof performance during strong wind. Large scale wind tunnel tests of cross-section and bulk aeroelastic models were carried out in the laboratory of pendilia Leya wind tunnel, Ontario, Canada. It is used to confirm the design parameters and aerodynamic stability of 95 M / s design wind speed used in each construction stage and operation.

There are three carriageways and shoulders on each deck of Ting Jiu bridge. The main span is 448m and 475m, and the total shell length is 1177m, ranking among the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world.

The stay cables are separately placed on the surrounding cable surfaces and anchored at the fixed end of the main beam of the combined bridge deck, while the tension end is located in the steel anchor box on the top of the bridge tower.

The contract also includes the design and construction of an approach bridge with two three lane carriageways and two lane slip roads. The most elevated section is 60 meters above the ground, with a span of 115 meters. Large scale earth and stone works are needed in the ground section to construct the branch road. These sections connect the country park section of route 3 to the north and Tuen Mun Road to the West.

The superstructure design of Ting Kau Bridge and approach bridge is based on the seabed survey in the Strait, comprehensive soil exploration and early foundation works. In order to ensure the feasibility and safety of construction, the contractor has set up a technical department at the construction site to design temporary construction equipment and establish construction procedures and schemes.

Ting Kau Bridge Main Tower Foundation

The foundation of the main bridge tower is located on an artificial island in the Rambler Strait. The foundation is located at the natural high point of the seabed rock, and the length of the two main spans is slightly different.

The first process is to clear 271000 cubic meters of sea mud by grab dredger. In order to reduce the adverse impact on the environment, the area of excavated sedimentary layer is limited to the part directly under the foundation of bridge tower. In addition, drainage belts were installed to speed up the consolidation of residual silt, and 502000 cubic meters of sand and gravel were placed. After the completion of the artificial island, it will be used as the construction site for subsequent piling and cap construction. 52 boreholes with a diameter of 2.5 meters and an average length of 27 meters were dug in the temporary steel casing with grab bucket until they penetrated into the rock stratum, and then the steel bars were put into the designed position, and then the concrete was poured 3 meters below the ground with conduit. As for the construction of 37 m x 33.2 m toon cap, the steel plate toon cap is used first, and the steel plate toon cap is used to penetrate around the Toon cap 12 meters below the water surface to form a cofferdam. After pumping, the sand was removed and 1300 metric tons of steel bars were placed. Then, 52 piles of 5800 cubic meters of concrete were poured in a single continuous operation for 75 hours.

In order to avoid excessive heat generated by massive concrete, a 700 meter long cooling pipe is embedded to transport seawater. The flow rate is adjusted according to the change of the embedded thermometer.

Characteristics of Tingjiu bridge tower

The three single column towers are 168m, 195m and 162m high respectively. They are designed to withstand the strong wind and hurricane loads in Hong Kong. The selection of rectangular shape and semicircular edge at both ends can play its unique advantages in such cases.

In order to strengthen the 5.5-meter-wide woven thin bridge tower on the bridge deck, two hollow steel beams are attached under the bridge deck. Like the mast of a sailboat, the pylons are connected by transverse cables from the top of the pylon to the bottom of the shoal to achieve stability.

The main tower is connected to the bridge deck of both towers by longitudinal steel cables to further enhance the stability. The 465m long cable is the longest cable installed on the bridge. Due to the urgency of the construction period, the pylons are designed vertically, and the cross-sectional area decreases from the bottom to the top. The thickness of the mouth wall is fixed, so it is suitable for slipform construction, and the progress can reach meter per day (Fig. 12). The concrete strength is 60MPa. The thickness of the transfer floor between each section is 8 meters, and the amount of reinforcement is 335 tons. It is built with traditional curved formwork.

Characteristics of Ting Jiu bridge TA tou

The first detailed section of the bridge deck to be installed is the initial detailed section adjacent to the bridge tower. The lifting system at the installation tower head is still used to lift the detailed section to the hinge at the side of the temporary additional bridge tower, then the detailed section is lowered to the finished position, and then the first batch of bridge deck cables and precast bridge deck are installed.

After the installation of the first section of the bridge deck, the following procedure is to install the rigid frame crane at both ends of the bridge deck in a balanced procedure, which is used to lift the bridge deck directly from the barge in the basil Strait, and then connect the main beam of the previous section with the high tension friction screw by connecting plate. Due to the terrain under the bridge, it is impossible to transport the whole pre installed section at the side span of both banks, so the steel beams need to be lifted and connected one by one.

When a new steel beam is erected, the concrete deck and a new pair of stay cables are installed. Each cable consists of up to 58 steel strands consisting of 7 galvanized steel wires, which are individually installed in a high-density colored plastic sleeve between the anchorage at the fixed end of the bridge deck and the anchorage at the tension end of the tower head. Then individual tension method is used. The bridge deck installation is carried out at the same time with three pylons, the shell length is 2x1012m, and 75 pairs of detailed sections are completed in 4 months.

Since the peak of bridge deck installation in December 1997, 2680 metric tons of steel members, 1200 metric tons of stay cables and 11200 square meters of concrete bridge deck were installed in one month

Chinese PinYin : Ting Jiu Qiao