Daxingshan temple in Xi'an

Daxingshan temple is located in the West Street of Xiaozhai Xingshan temple, about 2.5 kilometers south of Xi'an city. It was built between Sima Yantai and Taikang (265-289), 1600 years ago. It was initially called zunshan temple. In the second year of emperor Yang Jian's reign (582 A.D.), the temple was expanded on the basis of zunshan temple. Because the temple was located in Jingshan square in Daxing City, the capital city, it was renamed Daxingshan temple.

Daxingshan Temple

synonym

Daxingshan temple in Xi'an generally refers to Daxingshan temple

Daxingshan temple, the ancestral court of "Tantong", one of the Eight Buddhist sects, is one of the three scripture translation centers of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the imperial temple and the capital of Chang'an. It is located in the Jingshan square in the east of Chang'an City (now the West Street of Xiaozhai Xingshan Temple in Xi'an city). "Chang'an annals" volume seven years: "temple Chongguang, for the capital of the most."

Daxingshan temple was built in 226, the second year of the Taishi reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. Its original name is zunshan temple. It has a history of more than 1700 years. It is one of the oldest Buddhist temples in Xi'an. During the kaihuang period of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, Xi'an city was expanded to Daxing city. The temple occupies one square of Jingshan square in the city. The name of the city is "Daxing" and the name of the square is "Shan". It has been given the name of Daxingshan Temple ever since.

During the kaihuang period of the Sui Dynasty, Indian monks such as gyanarida and dharmagupta first came to Chang'an and then translated scriptures and preached Buddhism in Daxingshan temple. During the Kaiyuan period of Tang Dynasty, Indian monks shanwuwei, Jin Gangzhi and Bukong successively settled in Xiben temple, translated classics, set up altar to spread secrets, and then passed on and carried forward by Yixing and Huiguo to form a profound Buddhist culture treasure house - tangmi. Later, they passed on to Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia and other places through the air sea and zuocheng, which spread widely and had a long influence It is widely recognized as the Tang Dynasty mizutan of Chinese Buddhism.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Buddhism prevailed in Chang'an. Monks from India who came to Chang'an to preach and study abroad translated Buddhist scriptures and taught Esoteric Buddhism in the temple. As a result, Daxingshan Temple became one of the three major translation sites of Buddhist scriptures in Chang'an at that time. It is also a memorable place in the history of cultural exchange between China and India. On May 14, 2015, Chinese President Xi Jinping accompanied the Prime Minister of India, Modi, to visit Tai Hing Shan Temple.

Daxingshan temple is an ancient temple with Chinese and foreign influence. It was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Shaanxi Province in 1956. In 1983, it was listed as one of the national key open temples by the State Council.

Historical evolution

Daxingshan temple was built in 265-289 years from simayantai to Taikang, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. It was initially called zunshan temple.

Yu Wenyu, the Ming emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, built Zhihu temple for his father-in-law at the original site. The name of "Zhihu" comes from the book of songs, Weifeng Zhihu: "Zhipi Huxi, looking at my father..." I'm looking forward to my mother. " Later, he took Zhihu as the code of missing his father.

In 582, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty ordered Daxing city to be built and the temple to be moved to Xindu. Because Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty was the Duke of Daxing County in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and the temple site was located in jingshanfang, it was named after Daxing and jingshanfang.

According to the annals of Chang'an, after the completion of the temple, its main hall was the most popular in the capital, and its system was the same as that of Taimiao. The founder of Daxingshan temple is the master of lingzang. He is a close friend of Emperor Wen Yang Jian of Sui Dynasty and a monk official of zhaoxuandu in charge of the affairs of monks and nuns in the Sui Dynasty. Later, monk Meng, Tanyan and his entourage all lived in the temple. In 587, Huiyuan, huizang, sengxiu, Baozhen, Hongzun and TanQian were called to Beijing as the "six virtues", and more than 300 monks came to the temple to support them, making them the national way. At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, there were nalian tiriyeshe, jianahiduo, damogupta, Yancong and so on. In the Tang Dynasty, the temple was located in Jingshan square in Chang'an city.

In the third year of Zhenguan (629), Emperor Taizong ordered bopo to be the main interpreter in the temple.

In the reign of emperor Zhongzong of Tang Dynasty, empress Wei granted his father Fengwang, and changed Daxingshan temple to Fengguo temple. In the first year of Jingyun, Emperor Ruizong of Tang Dynasty, the temple was restored.

In the fourth to eighth year of Kaiyuan (716-720) of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the Buddhist monks shanwuwei, Jin Gangzhi and Bukong translated more than 500 secret books in Daxingshan temple. Daxingshan temple was one of the three translation centers in Chang'an and became the holy land of Chinese Buddhism. Most of the Japanese monks came to live in this temple. Yuan Ren, Yuan Zhen and others received Esoteric Buddhism in this temple and spread Esoteric Buddhism abroad. Many poets in Tang Dynasty also left famous poems for Daxingshan temple. In Lu Lun's title of the back pool of Xingshan Temple: "the white crane perches across the window, which seems to be adjacent to Jinghu Lake. What year does the moon shine on the tree? How many times do the flowers meet people. Asha Green Road, moss path green dust-free. I'll always be willing to let you stop. I'm the old monk. " "Qingqing Yijian pine was transplanted in Lotus palace," Cui Tu wrote in his book entitled "Sui song courtyard of Xingshan temple and the end of human life". Moss before rain, autumn sound midnight wind. If you don't get a long leisure, you can't get a temporary reward. It's not as good as those who live in Zen

Tang Xuanzong Tianbao 15 years (756), the famous esoteric monk Bukong abbot of the temple. Bukong was the imperial master of Xuanzong, suzong and Daizong. He once practiced the curse of relieving calamity with the temple, set up guanding Taoist center and altar, and opened the wind of guanding in China. After that, Daxingshan temple and Qinglong temple were called the center of Esoteric Buddhism. A group of monks also lived in the temple to study astronomy, mathematics and esoteric methods.

When Emperor Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty destroyed the Buddhism, the temple was destroyed. In the Five Dynasties, the monks were ordered to return to the secular life. From then on, the temple never recovered and its name was rarely heard in the world. Zheng Gu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, described the scene at that time in his poem tixingshan Temple: "the temple is in the shadow of the Imperial City, and Qingxu is better than Erlin. Moss invasion Sui painting dark, tea help more Ou deep. Nest crane and bell, poet monk leaning on tin chant. It's hard to find the apricot in front of the pool after the smoke and sand. "

During the song and Yuan Dynasties, Daxingshan temple was very lonely. It was not until the Ming and Qing dynasties that Zen master Demin "Dingxin Fancha" was here.

In the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty (1403-1424), Yunfeng Zen master lived in Daxingshan temple, built a temple and a bell tower to promote Zen.

In the Qing Dynasty, after three major repairs, the first one was in 1648, the monk branzhai built the Abbot's room, the main hall and the hall of Chan, which had a new look. For the second time, in 1694, the construction of the front hall, the second floor of the bell and drum, the main hall, the ancestral hall of the ten kings, and the Maitreya hall was completed in about ten years.

During the reign of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the temple buildings were destroyed again, leaving only the bell, Drum Tower and Qianmen.

In 1943, Master Taixu, Yu Bin, Feng Yuxiang and others organized the Chinese religious association. In 1945, he founded the "World Buddhist garden Pali College" in Daxingshan temple.

In 1955, the government funded a comprehensive overhaul. There are five halls, with porches and monasteries. The scale is the first of the existing monasteries in Xi'an.

In 1956, in order to protect the ancient Buddhist temple, the government funded a large-scale renovation of Daxingshan temple. Langzhao, the abbot of Wolong, served as the abbot, and Huiyu served as the governor of Anhui. They merged with the four temples of Wolong, Ci'en and solemn, and their ancestors became agricultural societies. More than ten monks owned more than 40 mu of land.

In April 1984, the Shaanxi Buddhist Association took over Daxingshan temple. It took half a year to repair 41 halls and monk's houses, rebuild and destroy Buddha statues, renovate more than 20 mu of wasteland, trim more than 1000 meters of hedgerows, add more than 600 pots of potted flowers, plant 30000 plants of Euonymus japonicus, holly, Cibo, etc., beautify the environment, build a new 120 square meter service department, and purchase a number of reception supplies The appearance of Shansi has been greatly improved.

In 1985, Daxingshan Temple became the site of Xi'an Buddhist Association.

Temple pattern

The enlarged Daxingshan temple in Sui Dynasty is located in the jingshanfang of Daxing City, opposite to xuandu temple, which is magnificent. "Chang'an annals" Volume 7: "Daxingshan Temple" is the most popular temple in Beijing. It is called Daxing temple, and the system is the same as that of Taimiao temple. " Volume 3 of argumentation describes in detail the majestic style of Biwa Feiyu and Jindian in Daxingshan temple.

According to the description of "ten mu base" recorded in the biography of continued eminent monks, and based on its plane scale, referring to the imperial Taoist temple xuandu Temple corresponding to Daxingshan Temple described in the Tang Dynasty literature, there is a "hundred mu Atrium", it is speculated that the central courtyard of Daxingshan Temple also has a scale of nearly 100 mu.

Daxingshan temple covers an area of about 120 mu, with 243 halls and monasteries. The overall planning highlights the characteristics of Buddhist temples, with Buddhist architecture as the center, forming three parallel axes from north to south. The main buildings are arranged along the central axis in a straight line along the due south and north direction, which are in turn the heavenly king hall, the main hall, the Guanyin hall, the East West Chan hall, the Dharma hall, etc. In addition, a pagoda was built on the west side of the temple to commemorate the monks who contributed to the prosperity of Daxingshan temple.

Main buildings

Cultural relics

In Daxingshan temple, there are stone lions carved in Tang Dynasty, steles renovated in previous dynasties, statues of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva with thousands of hands and eyes in fragrant wood, twenty-one Tara statues of Tibetan lamas paying tribute to the imperial court in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, Buddha statues of Tathagata in Ming Dynasty and many religious works of art.

Cultural relics protection

On August 6, 1956, Daxingshan temple was announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province.

In 1983, Daxingshan temple was listed as one of the national key open temples by the State Council.

In 02 and 05 2015, Xi Jinping, the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, visited Shaanxi two times. He visited the provincial cultural relics protection unit, Yanchuan County, Yanchuan River, and the national key cultural relics protection unit.

Chinese PinYin : Xi An Da Xing Shan Si