Yangpingguan

Yangpingguan

Shu Road is hard, but it is hard to reach the sky. On the Shu Road, at the intersection of Baoji Chengdu Railway and Yangpingguan Ankang Railway, there is a small town called Yangpingguan, also known as yanganguan. Qinling Mountains lie to the north, Daba Mountain and Micang mountain lie to the south. Jialing River flows by the town, dividing the old street and railway station into two parts. The magnificent Jialing River Bridge ties them together like a ribbon.

Zilong mountain is located by the river. It is said that Zhao Zilong was guarding and training here. The old street faces the Jialing River and is backed by Jigong Mountain (also known as percussion Drum Mountain, and another village not far away is called leigutai). There are mountains and water. Standing on the Zilong mountain, looking at Jigong Mountain across the river, it's like a cock's head standing upright. The green mountain makes him more beautiful.

General situation

Yangping pass, formerly known as Yangan pass, is located 57 kilometers northwest of the county seat, with Jigong Mountain in the South and Jialing River in the north. South to Sichuan, north to Lueyang, West to Longnan, east to Hanzhong. As far back as the Three Kingdoms period, it was an important military town. Now Baocheng and Yang'an railways meet here.

geographical environment

The average altitude of Yangpingguan town is 580 meters, which belongs to the north subtropical warm mountain climate type. The annual average temperature is 13 ℃, the annual average precipitation is 1184 mm, the frost free period is 240 days, the earthquake intensity is 6 degrees, the average flow of Jialing River is 166 m3 / s, the maximum peak flow is 9680 m3 / s, the annual dominant wind direction is northeast wind, and the average wind speed is 1. 3 M / s, the static wind frequency is 47%.

Historical evolution

Yangping pass was named Yangan pass during the Three Kingdoms period. It was the main gateway of northern Sichuan. In the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Sanquan county directly under the central government. In the spring of 1935, the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army set up Yangping County as the seat of the county Party committee and the county Soviet government. It was an important town next only to the county seat, and also the first established town in Hanzhong by the provincial government. After the implementation of the withdrawal of districts and the establishment of towns in Hanzhong City, Yangpingguan district was abolished and the jurisdiction of the town was expanded, which was composed of Yangpingguan Town, dachanggou Township and Tangdu township.

natural resources

The town is rich in mineral resources. In addition to the rich placer gold resources in Jialing River, there are copper, phosphate, aluminum, manganese, limonite, marble, granite, etc., which have great mining value. The development and utilization of agricultural and forestry native resources have broad prospects, mainly including wood, walnut, agaric, tung oil, raw lacquer, persimmon, chestnut, etc., as well as more than 80 kinds of wild Chinese medicine listed for acquisition Animal husbandry has developed rapidly, with 30000 live pigs, 1500 cattle and 3000 sheep.

Demographic situation

Yangpingguan town has a population of 26000, including 21000 agricultural population, 900 ethnic minorities (HUI), 13200 permanent residents and 2200 floating population.

infrastructure

There are 9 industrial enterprises in the town, with a total output value of 57.57 million yuan, 280 private business services and 2400 employees,

There are 2 markets mainly for agricultural and sideline products and vegetable department stores, with a daily turnover of 120000 yuan. There are 1 movie theater and cultural station in the town, 1 mosque, 1 middle school, 2 primary schools, 1 hospital and 12 medical centers. There are 2 railway stations in the town, 1 passenger station and 1 freight station. The large marshalling yard under construction makes Yangpingguan town an important railway station at the junction of Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan provinces The status of highway hub is further strengthened; provincial highway lie (Jinba) Yang highway, Yangguang (Ping) highway and Yangkang (Kangxian County, Gansu Province) highway pass through the town, forming the highway trunk network of Yangpingguan town; all levels of township roads connect the town and the vast countryside, forming a smooth road transportation network inside and outside; the town has perfect water supply facilities, with a water station, with a daily water supply capacity of 1580 Li It has a total area of 1.5 square meters, a pipeline length of 7 kilometers, and a penetration rate of more than 96%. The 110kV substation has been built in the town, and the village has been electrified. There are one telecommunication branch office and one post branch office in the town, and the telephone penetration rate has reached 60%. A cable TV receiving station has been built, and the TV optical cable transmission network has been installed. In 1999, the town's financial revenue was 3 million yuan and its GDP was 1. 100 million yuan, urban economy has begun to take shape, and social service facilities have begun to take shape. In 1995, Yangpingguan town was listed as a comprehensive pilot town of 100 small towns in Shaanxi Province by the provincial government. In 1998, it was rated as "advanced unit of small town construction" by the Municipal Construction Committee.

Geographical significance

Yangpingguan town is the throat connecting the southwest and northwest of China. It is an important transportation hub and material distribution center at the intersection of Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan provinces. It is the gateway of Southern Shaanxi and one of the windows for Hanzhong City to connect with the outside world. It is the central town of Ningqiang County next only to the county seat. Its prosperity and development has a strong radiation and driving effect not only for Ningqiang County but also for a larger region.

In 1954, due to the construction of Baocheng railway, a gold seal of "the Empress Dowager's seal of shuoming king" was found under the ancient brick of Yangpingguan town in Ningqiang today, which is now in Chongqing Museum. The report in China Youth Daily also pointed out that there are traces of the Han Dynasty on the Zilong mountain opposite Yangping pass. According to the records, "Shuo Ning Wang" is the title of kaixiao granted by Gongsun Shu in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. According to historical records, kaixiao never entered Shu. This seal may have been left in Yangping pass when Wang Yuan came to Sichuan for help. It was found in today's Yangpingguan Town, which shows that it has become a settlement in the Han Dynasty. And its traffic must rely on Jialing Road.

There is Yangan pass in Shuhan, which is to the south of pingguan in Hanyang, that is, to the northwest of Ningqiang. The Song Dynasty changed Yangan pass to Yangping pass, and Yangping pass since then refers to this pass.

Yangpingguan is located in the northwest of Ningqiang County, in the mountains surrounded by Qin and ba. It is an important transportation hub and military fortress of Qin and Shu in ancient and modern times. Yangping pass is called Yangan pass or Guancheng in the Three Kingdoms period. Yinping in the West and Mianyang in the East were the important gateway of northern Shu Han.

Historic pass

geographical position

Guyang pingguan, also known as Baima city and Jingkou City, was built in the Western Han Dynasty and is located in Lianshui village, Wuhou Town, Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province. It is adjacent to Qinling Mountains in the north, Hanjiang River and Bashan mountains in the south, and zhanglucheng on Zoumaling mountains across Xianhe River in the West. It is located at jinniudaokou, which leads to Bashu in the west, and chencangdaokou, which leads to Qinlong in the north.

With Dingjun mountain and tiandang mountain in the South and north of the Han Dynasty, it is not only the Western Gateway of Hanzhong Basin, but also the northern frontier of Bashu to Guanzhong. Advance can attack, retreat can defend. "There are three customs in Shu: Yangping, Jiangguan, Baishui..." according to Zhang Hui of Jin Dynasty The geographical records of the Sui Dynasty describe the military strategic position of Guyang pingguan in more detail: "it controls Sichuan and Sichuan in the west, connects Qinlong in the north, and follows Jingshan mountain in the back. In the front, it dominates the army and ZhuoBi, and in the right, it occupies Baima and Jinniu. In the left, it arches the clouds and Baizhang, and the water belt of Han, Hei and ember envelops it, which is extremely dangerous in the world. If the upper part of Shu can overthrow the enemy and respect the royal family, the middle part can encroach on Yong and Liang and expand the land, and the lower part can stick to the key points for a long time. " Therefore, Guyang pingguan has been regarded as "the throat of Shu" and "the gateway of Hanzhong" since ancient times, and it has the exclamation of "Hanzhong is the most dangerous as Yangping"!

Because of its special geographical location, the heroes and historical giants of all ages have performed a series of magnificent historical dramas here. Especially in the period of the Three Kingdoms, the emperors and generals of Shu and Wei used all their strategies to fight for each other, which made Guyang pass famous all over the world.

Famous Battles

At the end of the reign of Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Yan, a herdsman in Yizhou, conspired to take over Bashu, and sent Zhang Lu as governor of yisima to attack Hanzhong. Zhang Lu led his troops to the north from Chengdu, along the Jiange plank road, out of the ancient Bailao pass, and reached Mianyang (now Mianxian county). First, open the gap from Yangping pass and build the fort in Zoumaling on the west side. Later, he crossed the mianshui River to the South (now Hanjiang River) and occupied Dingjun mountain, captured tiandang mountain to the north, killed Su Gu, the governor of Hanzhong, thus occupied the whole Hanzhong and ruled Hanzhong for more than 20 years.

In the 20th year of Jian'an (215 A.D.), Cao Cao led 100000 troops to capture Huixian and Fengxian counties, and then began to march into Hanzhong and attack Yangping pass. Zhang Lu ordered his generals Zhang Wei, Yang ang, Yang Ren and others to build a stronghold in accordance with the mountain. Cao Bing was unable to attack for a long time, so he had to cheat and retreat, so that the garrison of Yangping pass relaxed their guard. After that, Cao Bing took the opportunity to capture Yangping pass, Zhang Lu's garrison disorganized, Yang ang died, Zhang Wei and Yang Ren fled back to Nanzheng, and Zhang Lu fled to Bazhong, Sichuan. After Cao Cao captured Hanzhong, he left Xia Houyuan, Zhang Ying and others to guard Hanzhong. Because he was afraid of the instability, he led the main force back to the north.

In the 23rd year of Jian'an (A.D. 218), Liu Bei led his generals to Hanzhong. Zhang Ying blocked them in the deep mountains and valleys of the Hanjiang River outside the Yangping pass. They confronted each other for more than a year, but Liu Bei failed to enter the Hanzhong Basin.

In the 24th year of Jian'an (AD 219), Liu Bei sent troops to attack Zhang Ying's camp in Zoumaling, crossed the Han River southward, and along the mountain path, seized Dingjunshan, a military important place, and killed XiaHouYuan. When Zhang Ying heard that XiaHouYuan had been defeated, he retreated to Yangping pass. Later, Cao Cao increased his troops to Yangping pass and fought with Liu Bei. Liu Bei could not get out. Cao's army was defeated and retreated because of the shortage of military supplies and heavy casualties. Since then, Hanzhong has been under the jurisdiction of Liu Bei.

In the fifth year of Jianxing (227 A.D.), Zhuge Liang launched the Northern Expedition and led all kinds of troops to Mianyang for eight years. In the past eight years, Zhuge Liang has always regarded Yangping pass as his base camp where he can attack and retreat. Six of them went out of Qishan, and four of them went out of Yangpingguan to carry out the Northern Expedition along Chencang ancient road. And every time we retreat

Chinese PinYin : Yang Ping Guan