Putuo Temple

Nan Putuo Temple

synonym

Putuo Temple (Xiamen South Putuo Temple) general guide Putuo Temple

Nanputuo temple is located at the foot of Wulao peak in the southeast of Xiamen City, Fujian Province, adjacent to Xiamen University

Facing the Bicheng harbor, the temple covers an area of 258000 square meters and a construction area of 212700 square meters. Built in the late Tang Dynasty, it was called Sizhou temple. It was renamed Puzhao temple in the reign of song Zhiping. In the early Ming Dynasty, the temple was deserted, and it was not rebuilt until the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. Because it worships Guanyin Bodhisattva, it is similar to the Guanyin Taoist temple in Putuo Mountain of Zhejiang Province. It is also named "South Putuo Temple" in the south of Putuo Mountain. It is one of the Buddhist resorts in Southern Fujian.

Miao FA Lian Hua Jing and he Chaozong's white porcelain Guanyin are the most valuable works in the temple.

The main buildings on the central axis of nanpusui temple are Tianwang hall, Daxiong hall, Dabei hall and Sutra Pavilion. On both sides of the temple are the bell and Drum Tower, the Zen hall, the guest hall, the storehouse, the Minnan Buddhist College, the Buddhist Yangzheng academy, the release pool in front of the temple, and the "Taixu master memorial tower" newly built behind the temple in recent years. The whole temple is magnificent and orderly.

Nanputuo temple is a national key Buddhist temple in Han nationality area

The Sixth Batch of provincial cultural relics protection units in Fujian Province

One of the eight scenic spots in Xiamen

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Historical evolution

Nanputuo temple was built in the late Tang Dynasty, which was called Sizhou temple at that time.

Song zhipingjian (1064-1067) changed its present name. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was rebuilt by monk Wen Cui and called endless rock.

From the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty (1264-1294), the temple was abandoned.

In hongwujian (1368-1398) of Ming Dynasty, Seng Jue Guang was rebuilt.

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Puzhao temple was destroyed by war.

In 1683, the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Shi Lang, the Marquis of Jinghai, recovered Taiwan and settled in Xiamen. He rebuilt the temple on the site of Puzhao temple and built the Dabei Pavilion, which became the Guanyin Bodhisattva Taoist center. Compared with the Guanyin Taoist center of Putuo mountain in Zhejiang Province, it was renamed "Nanputuo Temple". Master Huiri, the 35th descendant of linjizong, was employed as the first generation of founder.

In 1895, "three halls and seven halls" were built, with a medium-sized temple, ranking first among all Buddhist temples on Xiamen Island.

In 1937, the Anti Japanese war broke out and Nanputuo temple was once occupied by the garrison. When the war day forced Xiamen. The Buddhist College in Southern Fujian was bombed by Japanese planes, and the monks living in the temple and the teachers and students of the college fled to the mainland or went abroad.

In 1958, the Buddhist temples in Xiamen were merged, and the monks gathered in Nanputuo temple.

During the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966, the religious facilities in the temple were seriously damaged, and the monks in the temple suffered a fierce impact. They scattered one after another to seek a new life.

In 1980, after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held, Nanputuo Temple developed and flourished again by "bringing order out of chaos" and fully implementing the religious policy.

In 1982, the Management Committee of Nanputuo temple was established.

In 1983, Nanputuo temple was designated as the national key Buddhist temple in the Han area.

In 1988, miaozhanhe was promoted to the throne, properly resettled the monks who had been exiled for ten years, reorganized the Zen laws, presided over the renovation and expansion of temples, and reopened the Minnan Buddhist College.

Since 1993, great Chan hall, banshoucha, charity building and other buildings have been built. The East and West Mountain gates are made of white stone, and the whole temple is surrounded by more than 1000 meters of stone walls, forming a grand and rigorous overall layout of the temple.

In December 1994, the South Putuo Temple charity foundation was established as the first charity organization founded by Buddhist temples in Chinese mainland.

From May 27 to June 4, 1998, Nanputuo temple was established as the largest water land Dharma Assembly in 50 years.

In 2005, Nanputuo temple was recognized as the Sixth Batch of provincial cultural relics protection units by Fujian Provincial People's government.

Architectural pattern

Nanpuyuan temple is located in the north facing south. It is built on the mountain and the sea. It is grand in scale and majestic in momentum. The main buildings along the central axis are Tianwang hall and daxiongbao Among them, Tianwang hall is located in the front of the central axis of the temple. In the middle of the front hall, Maitreya Buddha is worshipped with a smile. On both sides of the hall, there are four heavenly kings with angry eyes. At the back of the hall, there is Bodhisattva Weituo standing with his hands on the pestle, which is extremely powerful. The pavilions rise in layers according to the mountain, with distinct layers and corresponding elevation. The corridors rising from the east to the West in turn protected the two sides of the three halls and made them a whole.

The main hall is the center of the whole temple, which has the characteristics of the typical southern Fujian Buddhist hall. In the center of the main hall, there is a tall statue of the third Buddha, and in the back of the hall, there are three Western saints. The Dabei hall is an octagonal triple cornice, and the middle caisson is made of bucket arches layer upon layer without a nail. The structure is extremely exquisite. The center of the hall worships Guanyin Bodhisattva, and the other sides are 48 arm Guanyin, with beautiful shape and various postures. Because all the believers in Southern Fujian worship Guanyin Bodhisattva, the hall is extremely prosperous.

There is a square in front of the heavenly king hall. In front of the square are a square releasing pool about 30 meters in length and width, and a lotus pool about 100 meters in length and 78 meters in width. The lotus pool is surrounded by a low wall with glazed tile top, and a symmetrical double eaves archway gate is set in the East and West. The title is "famous mountain of Ludao", which was written by Zhao Puchu, the former president of the Chinese Buddhist society.

All the buildings in the temple adopt the ancient palace style roof with double eaves and flying ridges, decorated with apricot yellow tiles to make it unified and coordinated. Then, the whole temple complex is surrounded by stone walls, such as the scattered pearl bearing plate, forming a whole. The Sutra Pavilion is the tallest building on the central axis. It is a double eaved pavilion with Xieshan. The first floor is the Dharma hall, where monks preach Buddhist scriptures. The second floor is the Jade Buddha Hall, which houses 28 Burmese jade Buddhas. There are tens of thousands of Buddhist scriptures and some precious cultural relics at home and abroad.

Main buildings

Tianwang Hall

In 1925, when master Huiquan lived in Abbot Nanputuo, he rebuilt the temple, standing in the front of the central axis of the temple, with a double eaves and flying ridges in the form of mountains. It is a single-layer masonry and wood structure building with double eaves on Xieshan mountain. It is five rooms wide, with a red painted gate in front and no wall behind.

Maitreya Bodhisattva, Weituo and the four heavenly kings are worshipped in the heavenly king hall. Two powerful stone lions are located on the East and west sides of the porch. They cross the door and enter the hall. The four heavenly kings on both sides look around angrily. In the middle of the hall, Maitreya's belly is open and his chest is exposed. In the back of the hall, Weituo's palm is covered and his pestle is pressed. He is extremely powerful.

Da Bei Dian

Dabei hall was built in Ming Dynasty. It was originally of wood structure. It was rebuilt by Taixu master in 1930. It is a single story building with octagonal three-story cornices and angular pavilions. In 1962, the main body was replaced with reinforced concrete, and the wooden bucket arch was kept for decoration. The hall is 20 meters high, standing on a stone platform with three-story eaves. Guanyin Bodhisattva is worshipped in the hall, with two hands on the front and 48 arms on the other three sides. The vaulted cavern in the palace is all wood arch, without a nail, unique and beautiful, and is the cream of the same kind of architecture in China.

Dabei hall is another main hall of the temple, offering thousand handed Avalokitesvara. In the early Qing Dynasty, Shi Lang began to build Dabei Pavilion, which was called the origin of Nanputuo. The hall stands on the stone polygonal platform behind the main hall, with two sections of stone steps separated by nearly 30 levels. The main hall is an octagonal triple cornice, and the middle caisson is made of bucket arches layer upon layer. The shape is ingenious and the structure is tight. It is commonly known as spider web. The believers in Southern Fujian worship Guanyin Bodhisattva, and the incense flourishes.

Sutra Pavilion

The Sutra pavilion was built in 1936. It is a two-story building with the hall of Dharma downstairs and the Jade Buddha Hall upstairs. The Sutra Pavilion is located on the highest floor of the main building of the central axis, with a double eaves Pavilion. The upper Scripture collection and the lower Dharma hall. The upper and lower floors of the attic are protected by three terraces with white stone columns.

There are a large number of Buddhist classics, cultural relics, calligraphy and paintings in the pavilion, such as the Ming version of the Dazangjing, the photocopy of the Song Dynasty's Qisha Sutra, the Ming Dynasty's Chongzhen (1628-1644) blood book of the miaofe Lotus Sutra, master Hongyi's manuscript of the Buddha saying Amitabha Sutra, etc., as well as the bronze Buddha of the Tang Dynasty, the bronze bell of the Song Dynasty, the statue of Ruyi Guanyin and Guanyin Shi Ganlu made by the famous craftsman shisou of the Ming Dynasty, and the famous artist he Chaozong of the Ming Dynasty The white porcelain statue of Avalokitesvara and 28 Burmese jade Buddhas, as well as the calligraphy of Zhao Puchu, a famous modern calligrapher and President of the Chinese Buddhist Association.

main hall

The main hall was built in 1926. It is a single-layer brick, stone and wood structure building with double eaves on the top of Xieshan mountain. It is eight rooms wide, with green tiles, stone columns, carved beams and painted buildings. It embodies the traditional crafts of ancient buildings in Southern Fujian. The two gratitude towers in front of the hall were supervised by master miaozhan. Daxiong hall is the main center of the temple. It is grand and majestic. The stone court in front of the hall is smooth and wide, the tripod and incense burner in the center is towering, and the white stone pagodas on both sides are high, which shows the solemnity and solemnity of Guangting hall. On both sides of the hall, Luohan hall arches the main hall. In the center of the main hall, there is a tall statue of Buddha III. At the back of the hall, three Western sages (Amitabha, Guanyin and dashizhi) are worshipped.

The main hall is the hall for monks to chant in the morning and evening and for Dharma association to worship and practice. It is also the heart of the constant ringing of Buddhist bells and lanterns. There is a couplet on the stone column of Daxiong Hall: "the Sutra dates back to Tang Dynasty and Kaiyuan Dynasty, and Puguang was glorified by Xiadao to Taiwu.". "This couplet makes it clear when and where the temple was founded, that is to say, the temple existed in the Tang Dynasty;

Other buildings

Inside and outside the main hall of Nanputuo temple, there were monks

Chinese PinYin : Pu Tuo Si