Tianyi Pavilion

Located in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, Tianyige is the earliest existing private library in China, the oldest existing library in Asia and one of the three earliest family libraries in the world. It was built in the middle of Ming Dynasty and was presided over by Fan Qin, the retired right Minister of the Ministry of war.

When you enter the gate, the first thing you can see is the bronze statue of the host. There are many caves in this small courtyard. Many exhibition halls display the books collected by the fan family from all over the world. What's most worth mentioning is the stage in the middle of the yard. Inside is the top of the chicken coop, all of which are gilded. It's very imposing. It combines wood carving, brick carving, stone carving, gilding, handmade and other traditional folk crafts, and has rich themes and beautiful shapes. It is a masterpiece of residential buildings in Ningbo. Among them, Zhujin wood carving is the most outstanding, and the typical building is the stage. There is also an interesting mahjong Museum in Tianyi Pavilion, which has become a popular choice for many people to take photos.

Tianyi Pavilion

Tianyi Pavilion, located in Haishu District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, was built between the 40th and 45th year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty (1561-1566). It was built under the leadership of Fan Qin, the retired right servant of the Ministry of war of Ming Dynasty. It covers an area of 26000 square meters

It has a history of more than 400 years.

Tianyige library faces south. It is a two-story brick and wood structure of hard hilltop type building, with a height of 8.5 meters. It has a sloping roof and is covered with green tiles.

The first floor has six rooms in width and six rooms in depth, and the second floor is a large room with bookcases apart from the staircase. In front of the pavilion, Tongyue lake, a "Tianyi pool", is carved. The overall shape of the garden is "Fu, Lu and Shou", and the "nine lions and one elephant" is piled up with rocks.

Tianyi Pavilion and its surrounding gardens have the characteristics of Jiangnan courtyard garden.

The collection of books and architecture of Tianyi Pavilion provide material materials for the study of calligraphy, local history, stone carving, stone architecture and residential buildings in eastern Zhejiang.

On February 23, 1982, Tianyi Pavilion was announced by the State Council of the people's Republic of China as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

On October 29, 2018, the Tianyige · Yuehu scenic spot in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province was designated as a national 5A scenic spot by the Ministry of culture and tourism of the people's Republic of China.

Historical evolution

From 1561 to 1566, Fan Qin, the right servant of the Ming military department, began to build a library in the east of the house and named it "Tianyi Pavilion". At that time, he collected more than 70000 volumes of books.

In 1665, fan Guangwen, the great grandson of Fan Qin, built a pavilion in Tianyi pool, planted bamboo and wood around it, and built a rockery called "nine lions and one elephant".

In 1673, Huang Zongxi ascended the Tianyi Pavilion, which was the first time for a person with a different surname. Since then, Tianyige gradually ended its closed state and selectively opened to some university students. Huang Zongxi compiled a bibliography for Tianyige and wrote the book collection of Tianyige. In 1676, fan Guangxie, a descendant of Fan Qin, copied more than 100 kinds of books from Tianyige for scholars to read.

In 1773, Tianyige contributed 638 rare books to the compilation of Sikuquanshu, and 473 of them were collected by Sikuquanshu synopsis. This book offering has resulted in the largest centralized loss of excellent books in the history of Tianyi Pavilion. However, through this book offering event, Tianyi Pavilion was elected as the model and model of the folk library. The Royal Library, namely the four storehouses and seven pavilions, was built in imitation of Tianyi Pavilion.

In 1829, fan's former residence was rebuilt.

In 1841, after the Opium War broke out in Fucheng, Ningbo, dozens of local books such as Tianyige's Da Ming Yi Tong Zhi were plundered by the British army. In 1847, there were only 2223 books in Tianyi Pavilion.

In 1861, the Taiping army captured Ningbo, and the Tianyige library was stolen and sold. Later, some books were bought back by fan bangsui, the tenth grandson of Fan Qin. According to the Tianyige Jiancun bibliography compiled by Xue Fu Chengming, up to 1884, there were 2152 original books in Tianyige, including 17382 volumes, and 8462 volumes of ancient and modern books.

In 1914, Tianyige's books were stolen and transported to Shanghai. Later, Zhang Yuanji of the commercial press redeemed some of them and stored them in Hanfen building of the Oriental library. However, in the Anti Japanese War, the Oriental library was bombed and burned, resulting in the loss of thousands of Tianyige's books.

In September 1933, a strong typhoon caused great damage to the buildings of Tianyige. A committee for the reconstruction of Tianyige was set up with Feng mengzhuan as the main person in charge to collect donations, plan, repair, move and expand. The nature of Tianyige private library entered the period of public-private joint management, which prepared a good transition from state-owned public management after the founding of new China.

During the period from 1933 to 1936, fan's descendants built Tianyi Pavilion and Orchid Pavilion on the rockery. They moved Zunjing pavilion from the former government school to baoshulou, and moved more than 80 square inscriptions to the backyard of Tianyi Pavilion to establish "Mingzhou stele forest". At the same time, Qianjin Zhai was opened up on the west side of Zunjing pavilion to display the ancient bricks collected by Ma Lian, a Ningbo scholar, and the city bricks collected after the demolition of Ningbo city wall.

In 1937, the Anti Japanese war broke out. In order to protect Tianyige's collection of books, Tianyige has been put out for the first time in 370 years. The first three boxes of books left Tianyige on August 17, 1937.

On January 5, 1939, the second batch of eight boxes of pre Ming edition were also transported from Tianyige to the countryside for temporary shelter.

On April 12, 1939, a total of 28 boxes (9080 volumes) were sealed by the government of Yin county and transported to the rear of Longquan County for temporary storage in Dangshi Township, where they were hidden together with the collection of Zhejiang Provincial Library.

On December 16, 1946, the collection of Tianyi Pavilion was transported back to the pavilion.

From March 1 to 3, 1947, Tianyi Pavilion was on public display for the first time since its completion.

In 1959, on a piece of wasteland in the southeast of Tianyi Pavilion, roads were built, two stone pavilions were moved, and stone horses, stone tigers and iron oxen found in the suburbs were placed in the forest. After that, dozens of Steles were found and embedded in the newly built wall. The East Garden began to take shape.

In 1981, a new library of Tianyige was built in the northwest corner behind Tianyige.

From 1982 to 1986, Tianyige expanded the East Garden and moved to build one hard Hill Style and one Xieshan style wooden structure flat house in the late Qing Dynasty. Dig the earth into a pool, pile the earth into a mountain.

In 1994, Qin's ancestral hall was restored and belonged to Tianyi Pavilion.

From 1994 to 1995, baojinglou and shuibeige moved to Tianyige south garden.

Site features

pattern

Tianyi Pavilion is a special museum with book collection culture as the core, which integrates the research, protection, management, display, social education, tourism and sightseeing of book collection. There are exhibition halls such as "Tianyige development history exhibition", "China Local Records collection hall", "China existing library exhibition", "Ming and Qing Dynasty calligraphy exhibition" and so on.

Tianyi Pavilion is divided into book collection culture area, garden leisure area and exhibition area. There are Dongming thatched cottage, fan's former residence, Zunjing Pavilion, Mingzhou stele forest, qianjinzhai and new library centered on baoshulou; there are Mingchi, rockery, corridor, stele forest, Baie Pavilion, Ninghui hall and other scenic spots centered on Dongyuan; there are exhibition areas centered on Qin's ancestral hall built by modern folk houses, including furongzhou, Wen's ancestral hall and new calligraphy and painting There are six houses in the west of Qin ancestral temple: yunzailu, Boya hall, dayjin hall, Hualian hall, Zhuangyuan hall and nanxuan.

characteristic

Tianyi Pavilion and its surrounding gardens have the characteristics of Jiangnan courtyard garden.

Tianyige library is also unique in fire prevention, ventilation and moisture-proof. The upper room is generally used for storing books and arranging bookcases. The bookcase is used to divide the large room effectively, so that the whole upper room is in good order and the lower floor has six rooms. There is a wall between Tianyi Pavilion and fan's house to prevent fire.

Main buildings

Major exhibitions

Collect cultural relics

The number of new and old genealogies collected by Tianyige is close to 550, covering more than 100 surnames.

Collection of modern writers Tie Ning, Huang Yaya, Ye Xin, Gao Hongbo, radar, Wang Hongjia, Wang Jianbing, Han zuoreng, Chen Yuanbin, Wang Xufeng, ye Wenling, Chen Zufen and other 12 writers' manuscripts, a total of 14 23 volumes, is the first batch collection of contemporary popular literature works.

Tianyi Pavilion moved more than 80 inscriptions to the backyard to establish "Mingzhou stele forest".

The stone horses, stone tigers and iron oxen in the suburbs were collected and placed in the east garden. Dozens of Steles were embedded in the new walls of the east garden.

Cultural relics

There are nearly 300000 volumes of various ancient books in Tianyi Pavilion, most of which are historical books such as local chronicles and Dengke records, with more than 80000 rare books,. Fan Qin's

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