Fupi ancient village

Located in Wenpi Township, Qingyuan District, Ji'an City, Fupi village has a history of nearly one thousand years. It integrates the developed ancient commercial civilization and red culture. The buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties are of great scale, and countless stone carvings, wood carvings, colored paintings, couplets, plaques and carved screens all embody the extraordinary wisdom and life interest of Luling people, reflect the brilliant style of profound and broad Luling culture, and record the vicissitudes of this red land.

Fupi ancient village

Located in the south of Wenpi town center, Qingyuan District, Ji'an City, Fupi ancient village is 28 kilometers away from the downtown area of Ji'an City, covering an area of 1 square kilometer. It extends to Dongtou zhenjiefang in the East, Qingdong highway in the south, dicangge (Yangyuan Academy) in the West and liangshijie tomb in the north. It was built in the early Southern Song Dynasty.

Fupi ancient village is an ancient village of Jiangyou people. There are 367 well preserved Ming and Qing buildings in the village, including dwellings, ancestral halls, academies, Yicang, memorial archways, pavilions, shops, docks, churches, old revolutionary sites, etc.

In 2008, Fupi ancient village scenic spot was awarded national AAAA scenic spot by the Ministry of culture and tourism of the people's Republic of China.

Development history

In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Liang Shijie, the Kaiji ancestor of Fupi, led his descendants to move from 76dujia village, Chunhua Township, Luling county to Fupi, where they built the village.

In the song and Yuan Dynasties, according to the ancient patriarchal system, the Liang family built ancestral halls, repaired genealogy, and formulated clan rules, thus establishing a patriarchal order of respecting ancestors and strengthening clan power. The Liang family took "farming and reading as the foundation of their wealth", educated their children and grandchildren to be filial and devoted to poetry and books, and cultivated a number of Bachelor of Arts, such as Dr. Liang Zhaobo of Taichang and Professor Liang Junyong of Jiangzhou. They worked on official business in the field and were enthusiastic about the family business at home, which made Fupi develop to a certain extent. Wen Tianxiang called them "famous literature clan" and "looking at the group in clothes".

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the ancestral hall of the Liang family, yongmutang and other village buildings were destroyed in the war.

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the commodity economy in the feudal society developed rapidly, and the profit of Commerce was much higher than that of agriculture. The Jiangyou Gang, together with the Shanxi gang and the Hui Gang, was called the three major commercial gangs in China. Located in the middle and lower reaches of the Fushui River, feipi has already developed into a fair trade place with a radius of tens of miles. The Liang people in Fupi began to do business one after another. The small ones started from industry and set up shops in beipitou street of the village. The large ones hired fleets to travel in Guangdong and Jiangxi for long-distance trafficking. Liang's economic strength in Fupi has increased, and some of them have become rich merchants.

In the Qing Dynasty, Liang's business got further development. It has formed four big business giants headed by Liang Xianzhe, Liang Xianzhao, Liang Xianhao and Liang Xianyin (known locally as the "four big families"), and their "Sanyi", "Dayi", "Weisheng" and "Zhicheng" businesses have set up 30 branches in all parts of the country based on Pitou street. It has developed from grain, cotton, cloth, salt and ceramics to yarn, cloth, medicine and oil. It also has pawnshops and banks. The mode of operation is flexible, with both sole proprietorship and partnership (for example, during the reign of Guangxu, the "four big families" once jointly opened a pawnshop shop at the end of Pitou Street). Driven by the "four big families", Pitou Street flourished for a time. There were all kinds of daily necessities, Suyang goods and imported medicines. Every market day, merchants from all over the world gather, and merchant ships compete on the Fushui river. Merchants from Ji'an, Ganzhou and other places often come to Pitou street to buy goods. At this time, 90% of the shops in Pitou street were opened by the Liang people in Fupi.

The Liang people did not forget Confucianism in business and attached great importance to education. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty was also the period when the number of Fupi academies was the most (5), and the imperial examination was the most prosperous (3 for the Wen Ju and Wu Ju, 1 for the imperial examination, and 1 for the imperial examination). At the right time, in line with the development of the current situation, the Liang family of Fupi actively cooperated with the government outside, supervised the chunghui village League training, advocated the construction of the 76 capital emergency public granary, controlled the local politics, economy and justice, and strengthened the patriarchal order through the construction of the auditorium, the renewal of the genealogy, the increase of the clan property, the wide application of good deeds, the expansion of the clan influence and the consolidation of the patriarchal order. Fupi entered a prosperous period.

During the period of the Republic of China, the warlords were separated and the society was in chaos. Liang's business in Fupi was greatly impacted. Many young people joined the Red Army and went to the revolution. Most of the rich gentry and landlords of Liang family took money to escape, and Fupi quickly entered a period of decline.

In the 1930s, Fupi village became a red revolutionary base, the seat of the Soviet government in southwest Jiangxi and Jiangxi Province.

geographical environment

Fupi ancient village is located in Wenpi Town, Qingyuan District, Ji'an City, on the Bank of Fushui River, 28 kilometers away from the downtown area of Ji'an city,

It covers an area of 1 square kilometer. The layout of the village is front and back streets. It is well arranged with eight trigrams, cobble road and 28 ponds in the village. The ancient village has complete drainage facilities.

Fushui river is located in the north of Fupi village. It originates from ziyao mountain in Taihe County, south of the village. From south to west and north of Shangcun village, it flows into Fushui river. The water quality is clear. There are 28 reservoirs in the village, most of which are connected with each other, and some of them are silted up. Among them, 13 reservoirs are connected with Fupi.

Architectural pattern

Most of the houses in Fupi were built in the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and a small number of modern buildings were also distributed in the southeast and northwest of the village. The folk houses are relatively concentrated. The folk houses in the ancient village of Fupi are typical buildings of Gan style. The overall style of the folk houses is blue brick and gray style, solemn and elegant, simple and practical, but they also have distinct characteristics.

Ancestral hall is located in the core area of the ancient village scenic area, which is divided into general ancestral hall, room ancestral hall and family ancestral hall. There are many handed down family precepts and exquisite carvings in the temple. Yongmu hall, Liang's ancestral hall in Fupi, is a three-way building with upper, middle and lower halls and a well in the middle. It has a three Bay porch and a high-rise archway. Ruyi Dougong supports the cornice and is covered with glass tiles. There are four corner Pavilion style buildings in the eaves of the central hall, which extend into the patio and carry the beams. The central hall (or upper Hall) of ancestral temple is a kind of beam lifting structure, which is the same style of traditional houses. The structure is different. The central hall (or upper Hall) of ancestral temple is a kind of beam lifting structure, which is built on exposed surface. The roof is supported by five frames. The open room is spacious and bright. The porch is often made into three bays, with drum, squatting master, door hairpin and column base made of red stone In addition, there are also caissons on the top of the well, on the bottom of the well and on the eaves. In the upper, middle and lower halls, there are caissons on the top of the well. In the middle hall, there are caissons on the eaves. On the top of the main gate of the ancestral hall and the middle and upper halls, there are red stone plaques, such as "Liang ancestral hall", "Xuangong ancestral hall" and "Bengong ancestral hall". The plaques are huge wooden plaques, such as "yongmu hall", "Qiuzhi hall", "Xiaoyou hall" and "Jieshou hall". The middle, lower halls and patio of the ancestral hall are mostly set with stone columns, square, and couplets are engraved on the columns. Most of them are inlaid couplets.

The ancestors of Fupi Ancient Village attached great importance to culture and education, and established many academies, such as Jingde academy, Mingxin academy and Zhenhan Academy. They were all Qing Dynasty buildings. From the plane layout and facade structure, the main buildings of calligraphy are not different from the residential buildings. Mingxin academy and Zhenhan academy are five tree and three room buildings with Baobi tree added between the back pillars. Different from ordinary residents, Zhenhan academy is built by Sanyi family, Mingxin academy is built by four families, Jingde academy is built by Dayi family, which is a large-scale upper and lower hall building with front courtyard, There is a "concave" shaped patio between the two halls.

There are 582 dwellings, 367 Ming and Qing buildings, 5 ancient ancestral halls, several ancestral halls, 4 ancient library, 1 ancient temple, 1 ancient pavilion, 3 ancient archways, and more than 900 meters of ancient streets in Fupi ancient village.

The lintel, caisson, window lattice, doorpost, shadow wall and gable of ancient buildings are either painting and calligraphy or carving, with different contents and styles, reflecting different styles of the times and the ideal taste of different owners. Among them, yongmu hall, covering an area of more than 1000 square meters, is carved with the word "yongmu" on all sides. There is also a complete Chinese and Western style chapel in the ancient village.

There are many cultural relics protection units in Jiangxi Province and Ji'an City, such as the site of the February 7th meeting, the site of the military headquarters of the Fourth Red Army, the site of the Soviet government in southwest Jiangxi and Jiangxi Province, the former residence of Mao Zedong, the former residence of Zhude and the former residence of zengshan. A number of films and TV plays, such as "shining red star", "break", "mountain and water recover", "Jinggangshan", were shot in the village. Therefore, Fupi village is known as "general village" and "film village".

Main attractions

Zengshan old residence

Zeng Shan used to live in No. 3, Fupi village, where Mao Zedong also lived. When the Soviet government in southwest Jiangxi was founded, Zeng Shan was the chairman, and the government was stationed in the Longevity Palace.

 

Former residence of General Liang Renjie

General Liang Renjie's former residence is located in the core area of the ancient village of Fupi scenic area. The work of the exhibition is jointly completed by his children and Wenpi town. The exhibition consists of six units: the first appearance of his childhood, the bloody war of resistance against Japan, the "military political commissar" in the northwest battlefield, the meritorious service of the founding of the country, the selfless work for the benefit of the party, and the style of hard struggle for the family. This paper introduces general Liang Renjie's revolutionary career and reveals his contribution to Chinese revolution and construction.

 

Fupi ancient street

Chinese PinYin : Mei Bei Gu Cun