Hongze Lake

Hongze Lake is also known as hung TSE Hu or Hongze Hu. The fourth largest freshwater lake in China. It is in the lower reaches of Huaihe River in the west of Jiangsu Province. It used to be a group of shallow lakes, which was called Fuling Lake in ancient times, broken cauldron pond in Han Dynasty, hongzepu in Sui Dynasty, and Hongzehu in Tang Dynasty (618 ∼ 907). In 1128, the Yellow River's southern migration was captured by Surabaya below Huaiyin, and the lower reaches of the Huaihe River entered the sea. Huaihe lost its sea entrance, and the east of Xuyi was water. The original lake was expanded to * Hongze lake. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the lake has been protected by the Hongze Lake levee, forming a "suspended Lake". At present, the normal water level of Hongze Lake is 12.5 meters, covering an area of 2069 square kilometers, and the deepest is 5.5 meters. In flood season or flood year, the water level can be as high as 15.5 meters, and the area can be expanded to 3500 square kilometers. In recent years, the Hongze Lake levee has been strengthened, and the flood control standard has been raised to 16 meters. The lake water is mainly discharged into Gaoyou Lake through the three rivers, then into the Li canal through Shaobo lake, and into the Yangtze River through SANJIANGYING. In the old days, the drainage was not smooth, the dike was in disrepair, and the flood was serious. After 1949, the grand Sanhe Sluice was built, the waterway into the river was renovated, and the Hongze Lake levee was strengthened. In 1952, a 168 km long irrigation canal was built to the east of GaoLiangJian to irrigate Lixiahe plain and discharge flood. The lake water can also flow out of the Erhe sluice and into the sea from the Zhongshan River (or Xinhuai River) through Yangzhuang water control project. From 1958 to 1960, the Huaishu river was opened up again, and the water from Hongze Lake was diverted northward from Yangzhuang water control project to Shuyang to Xinyi River. At present, there are four ways out for Hongze Lake water, which have the advantages of flood discharge, irrigation, shipping and breeding. The coast of the lake area freezes every year, with a thickness of 0.03 ∼ 0.05 M. On January 31, 1969, when the strong cold wave attacked, the whole lake was frozen and thawed 12 days later, which has not been seen for decades.

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Hongze Lake

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Hongze Lake is the fourth largest freshwater lake in China. It is located in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River in the west of Jiangsu Province, in the west of the central part of the northern Jiangsu Plain, in Huai'an and Suqian cities, between latitude 33 ° 06 ′ - 33 ° 40 ′, longitude 118 ° 10 ′ - 118 ° 52 ′, which is the junction of the middle and lower reaches of the Huaihe River. It used to be a group of shallow lakes, which was called Fuling Lake in ancient times, broken cauldron pond in Han Dynasty, hongzepu in Sui Dynasty, and Hongzehu in Tang Dynasty. After 1128, the Yellow River * s South migrated to Surabaya via Huaiyin below the Huaihe lower reaches. Huaihe lost its sea going channel, and the east of Xuyi was water. The original small lake was expanded to Hongze lake.

Hongze Lake has a vast surface, rich resources and a long history. It is not only a large reservoir and shipping hub in the Huaihe River Basin, but also a production base of fishery, special products and livestock products. It is known as "sunrise fighting gold".

Lake system

Cause of formation

There are three factors in the formation of Hongze Lake.

First, the depression formed by the crustal fracture is the natural factor for the formation of Hongze Lake. The embryo began in the Xiaohu group before the Tang and Song dynasties. There are Fuling lake, pofujian lake, Nidun lake, Wanjia lake and so on.

Second, the Yellow River seizing the Huaihe River is the objective factor of forming the rudiment of Hongze Lake. In the fifth year of song Shaoxi (1194 AD), the Yellow River passed through Yangwu and divided into North and south branches at Liangshanpo. The South Branch and Sishui river flowed into Huaihe River in the south, which was the beginning of the diversion of the Yellow River. In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855 AD), the Yellow River moved northward from Lijin to the sea, and the Yellow River captured the Huai River for nearly 700 years. Due to the fact that the Yellow River is high and flows backward into the Huaihe River, the Yellow River and Huaihe River flow together, the flow increases and the water level rises, which connects the large and small lakes, marshes and depressions such as Fuling lake and poketang lake into a lake.

Thirdly, the construction of gaojiayan (Hongze Lake dike) is the human factor and decisive factor for the formation of Hongze Lake.

Lake characteristics

Located in the middle reaches of Huaihe River and the west of Hongze District, Jiangsu Province, it is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China. It is the water passage of the east line of the south to North Water Diversion Project. When the normal water level is 12.5 meters, the water surface area is 1597 square kilometers, the average water depth is 1.9 meters, the maximum water depth is 4.5 meters, and the volume is 3.04 billion cubic meters. The length of the lake is 65 km and the average width is 24.4 km. The water level can be as high as 15.5 m in flood season or flood year, and the area will be expanded to 3500 square kilometers. The whole lake consists of Chengzi Bay, Lihe Bay and Huaihe Bay.

Water system into the lake

The main rivers entering Hongze Lake in the upper reaches are: Huaihe River, Xiaotong River, Suihe River, Anhe River and Weiqiao river. Most of these rivers are distributed in the west of the lake. There are also huaihongxin River, Chihe River, xinbian River, Suihe River, Xuhong River, Laobian River, Tuanjie River and ZhangFu river. The catchment area is 158000 square kilometers, of which the inflow of Huaihe River accounts for more than 70% of the total inflow.

Huaihe River, the largest river entering the lake, originates from Tongbai mountain and enters the lake near Laoshan of Jiangsu Province through Henan and Anhui. It has a total length of 830km and a drainage area of 130000km2. Its maximum water inflow is 26500m3 / S (in the 20th year of the Republic of China), accounting for more than 70% of the total water inflow. It is the main source of water supply for Hongze Lake.

Juantong River, originated from the abandoned Yellow River, converges the tributaries of Huaibei, juantong, Tuo and Tang, with a drainage area of 15700 square kilometers.

Anhe, which flows southward from the abandoned Yellow River and flows into Hongze Lake at anhewa, has a total length of 122 kilometers and a drainage area of 2450 square kilometers; Weiqiao river originates from the hilly area in the southwest of Xuyi county and enters the lake near Sunjiawan on the South Bank of Hongze Lake.

Huaihongxinhe river is a strategic backbone project in the middle reaches of Huaihe River. It starts from Hexiang, Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province, on the left bank of the lower reaches of Wohe River in the West and ends at lihewa, the branch of Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province in the East. The total length of the main stream is 121km, of which 95km is in Anhui Province.

Chihe River, also known as guchishui, is the last tributary on the right bank of the middle reaches of the Huaihe River, and also the largest tributary of the Huaihe River within the jurisdiction. The total length is 245 km, with an average gradient of 0.023%. The basin covers an area of 5015 square kilometers, including 4533 square kilometers. It flows eastward to the junction of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces and into the Huaihe River.

Xinbian river is a large-scale artificial river channel excavated from the winter of 1966 to the spring of 1970. Because the river line is basically parallel to the ancient Bianhe River, it is named xinbian river. Xinbianhe River intercepts and diverts water from the upper reaches of Suihe river with an area of 2626 square kilometers; Tuohe River and xinbeituohe river with an area of 3936 square kilometers, with a total drainage area of 6562 square kilometers. It forms its own water system and directly flows eastward into Hongze Lake, adding a channel for drainage into the lake in wodong area of Huaibei.

Suihe River, called suishui in ancient times, is one of the ancient rivers. As far as Xiaohekou (in Pixian County) and into Surabaya, it has a long history. It has been invaded by the flood of Yellow River, and the river course is changeable. In the west of Xiayi in the upper reaches and in the east of huitanggou in the lower reaches, the old road has been annihilated for a long time. At the beginning of the founding of new China, the source of Suihe river came from dongbianlou, Dangshan County, and Honghe River was its main source, flowing eastward and southward through Dang, Xiao, Sui, Su, Ling, Si and other counties.

After entering Sihong County of Jiangsu Province through Anhui Province, there are two branches near Qingyang Town: one flows eastward into the lake at anhewa, and the other flows southeast into the lake at linhuaitou. The Suihe river is 268 km long with a drainage area of 6600 square kilometers.

Starting from Jingshan bridge in the eastern suburb of Xuzhou City, Xuhong river runs eastward along the original fangting River, passes through Damiao and Danji to Tushan Town, and then turns southward through minbian River, waste Yellow River and Yuanwei reservoir to gule estuary and enters Hongze Lake, with a total length of 187 kilometers and a drainage area of 2596.23 square kilometers. Its rivers connect two water systems (yishusishui system and Huaihe River System) and three lakes (Weishan Lake, Luoma Lake and Hongze Lake).

Laobianhe River, also known as Bianhe River, was excavated in the first year of Daye in Sui Dynasty (AD 605). It was called Tongji canal at that time, Guangji canal in Tang Dynasty, also known as bianqu. From Qingyang Town to linhuai River, from Qingyang Town to the west of Huaihe River, it flows into Hongze Lake, with a total length of 34 km.

In the west, it enters the country from the tomb of concubine Yu, passes through Yinling, Luming mountain and changzhigou to the county government, passes through chengdongzhu, passes through kuhetou, tonghaidian, magongdian and Qingyang Town, turns to the East, passes through Shiji and Chengtou to Linhuaiguan and belongs to Hongze Lake. The east of Sicheng is called Dongbian River, and the west of Sicheng is called xibian river. Xibian River and changzhigou confluence and flow eastward. When passing Sicheng River, it flows southward and joins with Shiliang River to Tianjing lake. Since the excavation of the new Sui River in 1951, Shuikou has been replaced by the new Sui river. Xinbianhe River was excavated in the winter of 1966. In 1967, the new May 4th bridge of Bianhe river was built. The underground culvert of Shiliang river was built from 1968 to 1969.

Huihe river originates from caiyoufang, Southeast of matousi Township, Xiayi County, and enters Anhui Province through Yongcheng county. The river is 57.7 km long, the river bed slope is 1 / 7400-1 / 8500, and the drainage area is 1341 km2. There are 5 tributaries with a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers, of which Baohe river is relatively large, with a drainage area of 785 square kilometers. All of them belong to plain type shallow and narrow rivers. Usually, the water volume is very small or dry, and the drainage is not smooth during flood, which is easy to cause waterlogging.

Tuo River, originated in

Chinese PinYin : Hong Ze Hu