Little potala

Located in the north of Chengde Mountain Resort, Putuo Zongcheng temple is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It was built in 1771. "Putuo Zongcheng" is the Potala Palace in Tibetan language. It rises from the mountain to the mountain, which is magnificent and magnificent. The 35th year of Qianlong (1770) is the 60th birthday of Qianlong, and the next year is the 80th birthday of the Empress Dowager Niu diamond Lu. Princes and leaders of various nationalities in Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Mongolia all asked to go to Chengde to celebrate their birthday. Qianlong attached great importance to these two grand gatherings, and ordered the house of internal affairs to imitate the Potala Palace in Lhasa, where the former Tibetan political and religious leader Dalai lived, to build this temple in Chengde. The project started in March 1767 and was originally planned to be completed in three years. Due to a fire in the later stage of the construction, it was postponed to August 1771, covering an area of 21.6 hectares. Putuo Zongcheng is a free translation of Potala in Tibetan, so this temple is also called Potala. Because it is smaller than Potala in Tibet, it is commonly known as the little potala palace. The general layout of Putuo Zongcheng temple is similar to that of Potala Palace in Tibet. There is no obvious central axis, and its momentum can not catch up with that of Potala in Tibet. However, its vast area and large volume are the only temples in the mainland. The layout of the temple is divided into two parts: the front part is located on the hillside, which is composed of Baitai, Shanmen, Beiting and other buildings; the rear part is located on the top of the mountain, with dahongtai and fangbao. According to the characteristics, it can be divided into three parts: the first part is composed of Mountain Gate, stele Pavilion, five tower gate and glazed archway; the second part is Baitai group, which is composed of several large and small Baitai; the third part is dahongtai. The Baitai group is in the shape of "×", with the upper arch of dahongtai, and the lower waishanmen, Beiting, Wuta and Paifang. This architectural layout is unique to the eight outer temples and Chinese temple architecture. At that time, most ethnic minorities in the frontier respected Tibetan Buddhism. The Potala Palace in Lhasa is a center of Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism claims that the Potala Palace is the Taoist temple of Guanyin Bodhisattva. It is said that there are three Taoist temples of Guanyin Bodhisattva: one in India, one in Tibet, and one in Nanhai (Mount Putuo, Zhejiang). Emperor Qianlong believed that Guanyin originated in India, and then came to Tibet as its native place. Therefore, in undertaking the construction of Guanyin Daochang, he "imitated Tibet, not the South China Sea.". Putuo Zongcheng temple is built on the basis of Han traditional architecture and integrating the characteristics of Tibetan architecture. It is a model of the integration of Han and Tibetan architecture. The layout of Putuo Zongcheng temple is divided into three parts: the front part includes Mountain Gate, stele Pavilion and five tower gate; the middle part includes glass archway, white platform and monk's room; the rear part is the main building dahongtai and other surrounding buildings, with a total of more than 60 places in size, which is surrounded by the high wall with battlements and around the temple according to the ups and downs of the mountain. Walking along the five hole stone bridge and entering the Tibetan Mountain Gate, you will find the stele Pavilion covered with yellow glazed tiles. There are three stones standing in the pavilion, which are divided into three parts, namely, the inscription on the temple of Chengzhi of Putuo Zong, the complete obedience of turhute, and the records of you pitying turhute. Behind the pavilion is the gate of the five towers. The five pagoda gate is full of white walls, with three layers of blind Tibetan windows on top and three arches on the bottom. There are five Lama pagodas on the top of the gate, and a pair of large stone statues in front of the gate, symbolizing auspiciousness and the boundless power of the Mahayana sect of Buddhism. Along the Shiyong Road, along the slope, through the arch; along the steps straight up the main building dahongtai. Dahongtai has a total height of 43 meters, a base height of 18 meters, and a plane area of 10000 square meters. A large purple red palladium platform with a height of 25 meters is built on this wide base, so it is called dahongtai. There are six blind windows on the wall. In the center of dahongtai are six glazed niches, in which there are a large longevity Buddha and many small longevity Buddhas. The central part of dahongtai is called "Wanfa Guiyi" hall, which is a square hall with double eaves and sharp roofs, covered with gilt fish scale tiles, ridge beasts and duo bells. There are more than 14000 yellow statues in the hall. Visiting the temple of Zongcheng in Putuo is a symbolic visit to the Potala Palace in Tibet. The 35th year of Qianlong (1770) is the 60th birthday of Qianlong, and the next year is the 80th birthday of the Empress Dowager Niu diamond Lu. Princes and leaders of various nationalities in Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Mongolia all asked to go to Chengde to celebrate their birthday. Qianlong attached great importance to these two grand gatherings, and ordered the house of internal affairs to imitate the Potala Palace in Lhasa, where the former Tibetan political and religious leader Dalai lived, to build this temple in Chengde. The project started in March 1767 and was originally planned to be completed in three years. Due to a fire in the later stage of the construction, it was postponed to August 1771, covering an area of 21.6 hectares. Putuo Zongcheng is a free translation of Potala in Tibetan, so this temple is also called Potala. Because it is smaller than Potala in Tibet, it is commonly known as the little potala palace. The general layout of Putuo Zongcheng temple is similar to that of Potala Palace in Tibet. There is no obvious central axis, and its momentum can not catch up with that of Potala in Tibet. However, its vast area and large volume are the only temples in the mainland. The layout of the temple is divided into two parts: the front part is located on the hillside, which is composed of Baitai, Shanmen, Beiting and other buildings; the rear part is located on the top of the mountain, with dahongtai and fangbao. According to the characteristics, it can be divided into three parts: the first part is composed of Mountain Gate, stele Pavilion, five tower gate and glazed archway; the second part is Baitai group, which is composed of several large and small Baitai; the third part is dahongtai. The Baitai group is in the shape of "×", with the upper arch of dahongtai, and the lower waishanmen, Beiting, Wuta and Paifang. This architectural layout is unique to the eight outer temples and Chinese temple architecture. The south facing gate is composed of Tibetan style platform and Han style veranda. The platform is of brick and stone structure, with a three hole arch in the front. There are a row of blind windows on the arch and pheasant dishes on it. On the platform of the city, there is a veranda, with front and back porches. The porches are built with sills and windows, with solid walls sealed on both sides. The porches are five couplets wide and two rooms deep. The porches are decorated with single eaves glazed tiles and green glazed tiles on the edges. From left to right, there are four Dharma protectors, zhanggulupeng Dharma protectors and mahagara Dharma protectors. There is a pair of stone lions in front of the mountain gate, and a five hole stone bridge in the south. There are waist gates on both sides of the mountain gate, connected by walls. In the north of the gate is a stele Pavilion, with square three bay plan, double eaves and yellow glazed roof. It is brick arch structure, with solid wall and arch gates on all sides, bearing Xumi platform foundation. There are three stone tablets in the pavilion: in the middle is the inscription of the temple of Putuo Zongcheng, which describes the background and process of building the temple; in the East is the complete obedience of turhute, and in the west is the records of the people who paid tribute to turhute, which describes the process of the return of turhute to the motherland and the situation of the Qing government's pension to turhute. The inscriptions are engraved in Manchu, Han, Mongolian and Tibetan characters, and the Chinese characters are written by Qianlong himself. To the north of the pavilion, there are five pagoda gates, three arch gates and white platform. The solid wall and blind window are built on the top. Five pagodas are erected on the white platform. From east to west, they are black, white, yellow, green and red. Each color represents a religious sect. In Qing Dynasty, Huangjiao was regarded as the national religion, so Huangjiao was in the middle. A pair of stone elephants in front of the five pagoda gate are the symbols of Mahayana school. In the north of the gate of the five pagodas is a glazed archway with three rooms, four pillars and seven floors. The forehead of the middle floor is "the gate of universal living", which means that Guanyin shows the gate of universal living. At the back of the forehead, the lotus border is solemn, which means that there are more than 30 large and small white platforms scattered on both sides of the first part of Guanyin Road, which are arranged irregularly in the shape of "×". Baitai is divided into Diantai, loutai, Kaitai and Shitai, with different shapes, volumes and functions. Most of them are whitewashed, edged with blue bricks, with red blind windows, glazed roofs, and long flowing tiles on the eaves. Baitai is a Tibetan style blockhouse with a flat roof. The building is of Han brick concrete structure. Some two white terraces are combined into a courtyard to serve as a monk's room; some are built with Han style halls to serve as Buddhist halls and bell towers; some are built with relic pagodas on the top; some are built with solid white terraces, which only serve as a barrier and embellishment. The overall effect of the Baitai group shows the characteristics of Sanskrit characters at the foot of the mountain in front of the Potala Palace in Tibet. The two ends of the southern palace wall are divided into turrets, the solid wall is white, the platform is built with blind windows, and the top is castellated. On both sides of the palace wall, there is a door in the middle of the white platform. The upper hall is symmetrically arranged for monks to go in and out. The northern part of the glass archway is Gangzi hall, surrounded by high walls of Tibetan carving houses, with three blind windows on the wall. The eastern and southern parts are monk houses on the first floor, and the western part is pedaling road. The northern part of the monk house has a veranda with a single eaves and a green glazed tile roof. The surface is five Ying wide, and the depth is two rooms. GangZi Hall East for the East Hall, also known as the East Gangzi hall, plane into a "B" shape, two layers. This hall was originally a monk's room, and now provides five Tantric supreme yoga, mirth and air double movement Dharma statues of joyful Buddha. From north to south in the East are Vajra Buddha mother, Vajra Daweide, Vajra Miju, Vajra Shengle and Vajra Badu. In general, the statues of happy Buddha in tantric school are multi headed and multi intelligent, with the top as the original image and the rest as the changed image; with multi arms and multi feet, they are powerful and multi-functional; with feet stepping on demons, they are able to subdue demons and suppress demons. The courtyard in the northwest of Gangzi hall is the West Hall, also known as xigangyu hall. It is a sutra hall. Its plane is in the shape of a "factory". It has a gate in the south, two floors in the north, and a hard mountain and gray tile roof. It was originally worshipped in the hall of three realms, and was moved to this hall for exhibition after the cultural revolution. Auspicious mother of heaven is a gold-plated bronze statue, 116 cm high, riding on a mule, with two animal heads and human bodies in front and behind, and the chassis is the sea. All the statues used 1196 Jin of red copper, 57 liang of gold and 6425 workers. According to the records of the "auspicious Heavenly Mother Sutra", the goddess of mercy is the transfiguration of Avalokitesvara and the Dharma protector of the Dalai Lama. On the first day of the lunar new year, she rides down the sun to visit all parts of the world, expel demons and protect all living beings. Every year, Buddhists in Tibetan areas take the statue of auspicious mother of heaven out of the Dazhao temple on October 15 of the Tibetan calendar to demonstrate to the public in order to ensure peace and good weather. There are nine longevity Buddhas and 12 pharmacist Buddhas in the west, all of which are made of copper. Dahongtai is located at the end of the temple of Zongcheng in Putuo, with the highest position and an area of 10300 square meters. Because of the ingenious use of the terrain to connect several groups of buildings as a whole, it is visually exaggerated and even more massive. The front base is the white platform, solid, 17 meters high. The lower part is built with granite strips, the upper part is built with bricks, and the white ash hanging surface. The wall is equipped with three trapezoidal blind windows. The stone steps on the East and west sides reach the top of the white platform. In the southeast corner of Baitai, there is a "Manjusri saint" with a wide face and five couplets and three deep rooms

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Bu Da La