Horgos port

When you travel to ILI, you should squeeze time to take a trip to Horgos port. Horgos is located in Huocheng County, 42km away from Yining City. On the border between China and Kazakhstan, it is an important port for Xinjiang to trade with Central Asian countries, and is listed as the three major ports of Xinjiang with hongqilapu and Alashankou.

In recent years, many tourists enter and leave from Horgos, where the border trade is also developing more actively. From time to time, we can see large trucks driving through the border gate. At sunset, standing at the gate of Horgos frontier station and looking out to Kazakhstan, I can only see the desolate earth, the misty distant trees and the silence of the world. I feel very good.

Horgos port

Horgos port is the first port in Xinjiang. It is the largest land and railway comprehensive port in Xinjiang. It is located in Horgos City, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (the only vice provincial autonomous prefecture in China), and faces Kazakhstan across the Horgos river. The project ends here via Yihuo railway, Lianhuo expressway, 312 National Highway and China Central Asia natural gas pipeline.

Here, there are economic development zones, especially free trade zones with preferential tax policies.

In 2015, the total output value of Horgos city (including BINGTUAN) was 3.463 billion yuan. By the end of 2015, the total resident population of Horgos city (including BINGTUAN) was 87200.

brief introduction

Horgos is the name of Mongolian people (Moxi Mongols) living in this area since yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Horgos in Mongolian is "the place where the camel team passes" (which means camel station). During the period of the Republic of China, because of the strength of tsarist Russia and later the Soviet Union, the Kazakh language "nikanka" used by Russia was used for a time, and later the Chinese customary name was restored.

Horgos port is a national first-class land highway port with the longest history, the largest comprehensive traffic volume, the best natural environment and the most complete functions in Western China. Horgos port is an important port for Xinjiang to trade with Central Asian countries. Horgos port is an important window for Xinjiang to open to the outside world. Together with hongqilapu port on the border of China and Pakistan in southern Xinjiang and Alashankou port in Northern Xinjiang, Horgos port is one of the three ports that Xinjiang is currently open to third countries.

Port set up management committee, inspection and inspection institutions sound. The port area has built a joint inspection office, office building, banking, post and telecommunications departments, covering an area of 298000 square meters, a warehouse and freight yard of 122000 square meters, and a border trade market of more than 1 million square meters. There are 45 permanent organs and more than 2500 offices and enterprises.

geographical position

Horgos port is located in Horgos City, Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, 80 ° 29 ′ E and 44 ° 14 ′ n. From the map, it can be clearly seen that the border between China and Kazakhstan is bounded by the winding Horgos River, for which Horgos port is named. Located in Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the mouth of Ili River Valley, known as "the south of the Great Wall", has a warm and humid climate. The Horgos River, Kalasu River and Dongfeng main canal flow through it.

Huoerguosi port is 90 km away from Yining City and 670 km away from Urumqi city. The other port is Khorgos port of Kazakhstan, only 15 km away from the Chinese port, 35 km away from yarkent city of Kazakhstan (formerly known as Panfilov city), and 378 km away from Almaty, the former capital of Kazakhstan.

The largest land port in Northwest China. Located in Huocheng County 62 regiment West. 50km away from the county, it is the westernmost terminal of 312 national highway. Horgos port on the border of China and Kazakhstan in the west of Huocheng county is a first-class trade port opened by China and Kazakhstan. In recent years, the port's sightseeing, shopping and tourism activities are quite developed. The port of Horgos is named after the river.

Historical changes

Post station of Sui and Tang Dynasties

Here, as far back as the Sui and Tang Dynasties, was an important post station on the North Road of the ancient Silk Road.

Mongolian camel station

During the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was a Mongolian Nomadic belt. The Mongolian regime experienced the Chagatai Khanate, the walat alliance, and the Junggar khanate, which is called Horgos.

Horgos, the Mongolian language of weilat, means "the place where the camel team passes" (the Ili River Valley is the core area of Junggar in Mongolia. After Emperor Qianlong pacified Junggar, the Kazakh people moved eastward from Uzbekistan to the Ili River Basin and so on. The name of Horgos was used in the Qing Dynasty according to the Mongolian language of weilat), "the place where the camel team passes" should be the camel station, It's a place for camel teams to rest, not a common place to pass by.

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it was not a port, but a long way to the West. In the Qing Dynasty, there were Chinese garrisons here, which were one of the six garrisons of Solon camp in Ili.

Demarcation between China and Russia

During the Tongzhi period, after the demarcation of the border between China and Russia, it became a border post, formerly known as nikanka. "Xinjiang Tu Zhi" records: "nikankalun, on the East Bank of the river, is stationed in one inspector and one sentry guard. The west bank belongs to Russia, and there are Russia and Kazakhstan. " In history, Ili was a traditional free trade area, and the Central Asian Nations mainly traded with China in the form of non-governmental trade. At that time, the trade between China and Russia was mainly the trade of Chinese tea and Russian cotton, wool, leather and metal products.

In 1851, the representatives of China and Russia signed the "Regulations of trade between Yili and talbahatai" in Yili, officially opening the two ports of Yili and Tacheng. Horgos was designated as one of the trade channels between China and Russia.

Initial port

In 1881, Zuo Zongtang took back ILI, which had been under "custody" for 11 years, from Russia, and set up a port here. In 1881, after the signing of the revised Ili treaty between China and Russia, it was stipulated that the trade within a hundred miles of the border between the two countries would not be taxed, and the trade expanded to Xinjiang and the mainland, which also became the post station of business travel between the two countries in the past. After the October Revolution, the business relationship between Xinjiang and the Soviet Union was once interrupted. In 1921, the Tashkent Soviet government sent representatives to Xinjiang authorities to request the temporary resumption of trade between the two countries.

On May 27, 1920, the Xinjiang Provincial Government and the Soviet Union signed the "temporary partial trade conditions of Ili" (also known as the "Ili Conference final decision"), the two sides set up business negotiation organs in Yining and Almaty respectively, and stipulated that all import and export goods should go to nikanka (i.e. Horgos), which became the most important foreign trade channel of Xinjiang at that time. After the founding of new China, nikanka was officially renamed as Horgos port. The foreign trade between the two sides has been nationalized. Because of its superior geographical location, Horgos port has become the largest port in the west of Sino Soviet trade.

New China period

Early prosperity

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, China and the Soviet Union made it clear that Horgos port was the official trade port between the two countries. From 1950 to 1962, Horgos port and sandaohezi port played a very important role. The import and export materials of both sides were mainly transported through Ili. The trade between the two countries at Horgos port ushered in a prosperous period. Xinjiang imported a large number of means of production through Horgos port, accounting for about 90% of the total import of Xinjiang at that time. A large number of agricultural machinery and equipment are transported to Xinjiang through Horgos port, making Xinjiang the area with the highest degree of agricultural mechanization all over the country.

Once declined

With the deterioration of the relations between the two countries in 1962, the trade between the two countries entered the freezing point, and the import and export trade volume decreased sharply. By 1967, the ports were basically closed. Four years later, the foreign trade organization of Horgos port was officially abolished, and the import and export trade was completely stopped except for the postal service. Until November 1983, with the approval of the State Council, the opening was officially resumed

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Resuming trade

On November 16, 1983, with the approval of the State Council, Horgos port was reopened to Kazakhstan and third countries. In August 1992, the Chinese and Kazakh governments agreed to open the port to a third country, which has the status of international transport. Now the opening up to third countries has been cancelled and only to Kazakhstan.

In 1983, as a trade port with the Soviet Union, Horgos was first opened, and this trade port, which has been silent for nearly 20 years, has regained its vitality. After the re opening of Horgos port, it has become an important window for Xinjiang to open to the West and the largest port for land trade between China and Kazakhstan. With the development of foreign trade, Horgos port has gradually become a unique border town.

The "Oriental train" silk road tour group organized by European and American countries entered China from Horgos port in October 1985, attracting many international friends.

At the beginning of 1989, Horgos port opened an international shuttle bus from Yining, China to Panfilov, Kazakhstan, which is open to third countries. It is another window for Xinjiang to open to Western Asia and European countries. It has also become a hot spot for Tourism along the ancient Silk Road, attracting great interest of International tourism organizations.

Set up Economic Development Zone

Horgos economic development zone was established at the first central Xinjiang work forum in May 2010, with a total area of 73 square kilometers and a spatial layout of "one zone and four parks", including 20 square kilometers of Horgos Park (including 13.16 square kilometers of China Kazakhstan Horgos International Border Cooperation Center approved by the State Council), 35 square kilometers of Yining Park and 8 square kilometers of Qingshuihe supporting industrial park Square kilometers, BINGTUAN 10 square kilometers

Chinese PinYin : Huo Er Guo Si Kou An