Guangsheng Temple

Guangsheng temple is located in the south foot of Huoshan mountain, 17 kilometers northeast of Hongdong county. Huoquan also originated here. The temple area is green with ancient cypresses and beautiful mountains and waters. Guangsheng temple was founded in 147, the first year of Jianhe in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was originally named gulushe temple, and was renamed today in the Tang Dynasty. It was rebuilt in the fourth year of Dali (769). It was rebuilt after the earthquake in 1303, the seventh year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was repaired again, which became the status quo. In 1961, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council. Guangsheng temple is divided into upper and lower temples. Shangsi is composed of Mountain Gate, Feihong tower, Mituo hall, Daxiong hall, tianzhongtian hall, Guanyin hall, dizang hall, wing room and veranda. Founded in the Han Dynasty, it has been rebuilt many times. Now it is a reconstructed relic of the Ming Dynasty. Its shape and structure still have the style of the Yuan Dynasty. In the gate of the mountain is the tower yard, in which the Feihong tower stands. The existing one is rebuilt in 1527, the sixth year of Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty, and an additional gallery is built on the ground floor in 1622, the second year of Tianqi reign. The tower is octagonal in plane, 13 levels and 47.31 meters high. The body of the tower is made of green bricks, with eaves on each floor. The whole body is decorated with yellow, green and blue colored glass. The most exquisite layer is the first, second and third layers. Under the eaves, there are various components and patterns, such as brackets, leaning pillars, Buddha statues, Bodhisattvas, Vajra, flowers, Panlong, birds and animals, etc. The tower is hollow and has a turning path. It can be climbed up. The design is very ingenious. It is the representative work of China's glass tower. In the 34th year of Kangxi reign of Qing Dynasty (1695), the Linfen basin earthquake with magnitude 8 occurred, and the tower was safe and sound. There are many steles in the temple, which are important materials for studying the history of the temple. In the back, there are five rooms of Mituo hall, which are built with six large inclined beams, and two beam frames are reduced. In the hall, the Buddha and the Avalokitesvara are worshipped as Bodhisattvas. They are called the "three saints of western culture" with excellent craftsmanship. The east wall and the fan wall are full of murals, which contain three Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. It was originally stored here and later moved to Beijing Library. There are five main halls in the hall, which are of the hanging mountain style. The wooden shrines and Buddha statues in the hall are exquisitely carved or plump with excellent workmanship. Pilu hall has five rooms, which is of veranda style. The two mountains in the hall are built with big climbing beams. Its structure is unique. It is a successful example of the architectural art of Yuan Dynasty. The decoration of the hall is decorated with wood carvings, which is the best of the small wooden works of Ming Dynasty. In the hall, there are three Buddhas, namely, Pilu, Ashan and Mitha, and statues of Bodhisattvas and Dharma protectors. Along the wall, there are wooden niches and pavilions. There are 35 iron statues of Buddhas in the hall. There are murals all around, and the twelve back walls are the best. There are dozens of Steles in the temple, which is of great value to the study of the history of Guangsheng temple. The lower temple is composed of Mountain Gate, front section, back hall and pile hall. The gate is towering, three square, with single eaves resting on the top of the mountain. The front and back eaves are built with rain. It is also like a double eaves Pavilion. It is a very unique architecture of the Yuan Dynasty. The front hall is five bay, suspended in a mountain style. Only two columns are used in the hall. The beam frame is large, and the climbing beam is load-bearing. It is shaped like a zigzag station, with unique structure and exquisite design. The back hall was built in 1309, the second year of the reign of emperor Zhida of the Yuan Dynasty. It has seven single eaves and a hanging mountain style. Inside the hall are three Buddhas and two Bodhisattvas, Manjusri and Puxian. The four walls of the hall are painted with murals. They were stolen and sold abroad in 1928. They are hidden in the Nelson Museum of art in Kansas City, USA. The remaining 16 square meters of painting on the upper part of the gable is the 53 Shen painting of shancai boy. The painting is exquisite and colorful. It is a work of the time when the temple was built. It was built in 1345, with a front eaves gallery. The two mountains are very large, with beautiful fish and grass hanging. At present, the Xiasi temple also includes the adjacent water temple, which is a custom sacrificial temple for Huoquan God, including Mountain Gate (stage of Yuan Dynasty), Yimen, Mingying palace and other buildings. There are nearly 200 square meters of Yuan Dynasty murals painted on the four walls of Mingying palace, the water god. It is especially famous for a drama mural in the east of Nanbi. It is known as the third unique cultural relic of Guangsheng temple. It is the only large-scale Yuan Dynasty drama mural preserved in China. In 1998, the painting and the playing picture of Gubi were included in the textbook of Chinese history. Outside the gate of Xiasi is Huo Quan. According to Li Daoyuan's shuijingzhu, Huo water comes from Huotai mountain. The pool of water is tens of feet deep. Huoquan is now composed of Haichang Fenshui Pavilion and Beiting Pavilion. The sea farm is a water source pond, covering an area of about 80 square meters. It is built close to the mountain and protected from the source. The water flow per second is 4 cubic meters, and irrigates more than 100000 mu of grain fields. There is a water distribution Pavilion in front of the pool. At the bottom of the pavilion, ten holes are separated by iron pillars, which is the junction of Hongdong and Zhaocheng counties. The measured flow is similar, which is the historical relic of solving the dispute over water between the two counties. The inscriptions in the pavilion record the situation of water diversion, and the inscriptions in the tomb engrave the water diversion map. After liberation, special organizations were set up to make rational use of water resources.

Guangsheng Temple

Hongdong Guangsheng temple is located in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, a national AAAA scenic spot

. The temple was built in 147, the first year of emperor Huan's Jianhe in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was formerly known as julushe temple, also known as Yuwang pagoda, and was renamed Guangsheng temple in the Tang Dynasty.

In the fourth year of Dali in Tang Dynasty (769), Zhongshu ordered Guo Ziyi, the king of Fenyang, to write an official document for reconstruction. During the song and Jin Dynasties, Guangsheng temple was destroyed by fire and rebuilt. In 1303, a great earthquake occurred in Pingyang (now Linfen), and all temple buildings were destroyed. It was rebuilt in the autumn of 1305. Since then, in 1555, the 34th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty and 1695, the Pingyang area had another earthquake, but the temples were not greatly damaged by these two earthquakes. Except for the Feihong pagoda and Daxiong hall rebuilt in Ming Dynasty, the rest were all Yuan Dynasty buildings.

Hongdong Guangsheng Temple scenic area is divided into upper temple, lower temple and water temple. Feihong pagoda, Zhaocheng Jincang and Yuan Dynasty frescoes of shuishen temple are also known as "Guangsheng three wonders". Feihong pagoda is one of the five Buddhist relic pagodas and four existing ancient pagodas in China. It is also the largest and most complete glazed Pagoda with craftsman's inscription

. Zhaocheng Jincang is the format of kaibaocang, the first woodcut version of the Tripitaka in Song Dynasty. This Tripitaka is a rare Chinese version of Sanskrit scriptures collected from Tianzhu by Xuanzang, the great master of Sanzang in Tang Dynasty. There is only one Tripitaka in the world, so it is regarded as a rare treasure. Together with Yongle Dadian, Sikuquanshu and Dunhuang posthumous books, it is also known as the treasure of the four Town Libraries of the National Library

.

Historical evolution

In 147, the first year of Jianhe in the later Han Dynasty, jushe temple was built. In 424, the first year of emperor Taiwu of Wei Dynasty, the monks and Taoists were killed, the Scriptures were burned, and the temples were burned. In the third year of Baoding (563) of Emperor Wu of the Later Zhou Dynasty, you zengzhengjue built a floating picture of chaotai and excavated a broken stele. The stele has records of Jian and Fu Jian in the first year, which is the earliest record of Guangsheng temple. In the third year of Wude (547) of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the decree was issued to destroy the Buddha and stop building the pagoda.

In the reign of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (627), Huoquan water was used by hongsanzhaoqifen. In the first year of Shangyuan (760) of the Tang Dynasty, he was granted the xianwuzheng bhikkhu to build a pagoda. The pagoda was built in the former site of Ashoka's relic by royal decree. The pagoda was completed and Li Mi, the prime minister, granted Ming Yingshen to protect it. In the fourth year of Dali (769) of the Tang Dynasty, Shuofang left wing military envoy Kaifu, together with Li guangzan, the Chief Secretary of Hedong observation department, and also Guo Ziyi, the king of Fenyang, Zhongshu Province, applied for the construction of the temple. On May 27 of the same year, Guo Ziyi was able to turn around Li guangzan. The temple of Guangsheng in the Tang Dynasty is still granted. In the fourth year of Dali (769) of the Tang Dynasty, it was named as the julushe temple, because it was named as the julushe temple in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the mid autumn of the first year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (146), the temple was granted the imperial edict to build a tower, so it was named as the julushe temple. During the reign of emperor Taihe of Tang Dynasty (827-835), Yingwang Temple of Ming Dynasty was rebuilt. In 845, Emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty destroyed the temple to drive away monks. In the Later Zhou Dynasty, the 4600 area of Tianxia temple was abandoned, and more than 250000 monks and nuns were returned to the secular life. Guangsheng temple was destroyed again.

In 955, the second year of Xiande reign of emperor Shizong of the Later Zhou Dynasty, Pujing, a monk, died in the upper temple. In the first year of Che (1079) of the song and Yuan Dynasties, Du Tui, the governor of Heyang, visited Guangsheng temple and wrote a poem about Wangshan Pavilion. In the second year of caishaosheng (1095), a stone statue was built.

In 1122, Zong Ying, a monk, built three gates of the upper temple and houfa hall, and cast ten thousand jin Hongzhong. In 1153, the first year of emperor Zhenyuan of Jin hailing, people from Dongcun village of Zhaocheng built Xiasi, Taishang Dafo temple. Before the fall of Jin Dynasty, the soldiers were on the verge of disturbing and burning the water temple.

In 1260, the water temple was rebuilt. In the 20th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1283), the water temple and Xiasi Buddhist temple were built again, and the song version of the Scriptures was granted. The water temple was rebuilt in 1284. On August 6, 1303, the Pingyang earthquake destroyed the shuishen temple. In 1305, the Great Buddha Hall of Xiasi was rebuilt. In 1319, the water temple was rebuilt. Yuantaiding six years (1324) painted water temple murals. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1342), the underground Hall of Xiasi was rebuilt.

In the third year of Hongwu (1371) of the Ming Dynasty, the water temple was built. In 1380, the water temple was completed. In 1452, the main hall of Shangsi was rebuilt. In 1472, the main hall of Xiasi was built and the Buddha statue was shaped. In 1475, the main hall of Xiasi was completed. In 1476, the temple was rebuilt and completed. In the fifth year of hongqia in Ming Dynasty (1492), the temple bell was cast. In 1497, Pilu hall was rebuilt. In the 14th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (1501), the construction of Pilu temple was completed, and the contract book of land Mu was established in the same year. In 1515, monk Dalian began to build the Feihong tower. In the 16th year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1521), the Golden Buddha was cast under the Feihong pagoda. In 1527, the Feihong tower was completed. In 1581, the mural of Maitreya hall was rebuilt. In the first year of Qi (1621), monk Dahui of the capital provided funds to build the pagoda week

Chinese PinYin : Guang Sheng Si