Yaoshan Nature Reserve

Yaoshan National Nature Reserve is located in Qiaojia county. Jinsha River and Niulan River pass around the mountain. Yaoshan mountain covers an area of 220 square kilometers, and its main peak, Jinding mountain, is 4042 meters above sea level, which is located on the Zhaotong peaks. The Yaoshan formation is controlled by the north-east structure, and the Yaoshan strike is close to the north-east. The west slope is steep. The cliffs rise from the valley where the two rivers converge. The pillars are towering and unattainable. The south slope of Yaoshan nature reserve is relatively gentle. The main forest areas and the exotic and magnificent Alpine karst landscape are concentrated in this area. The medicinal mountain is covered by a primeval forest composed of coniferous forest dominated by Abies amurensis and evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by Quercus alpina. The lushness of natural forest creates good conditions for the growth of wild medicinal materials, rare plants and wildlife. Yaoshan was originally named for its various medicinal materials. The famous wild medicinal materials include bupleurum, Codonopsis pilosula, Fritillaria, Gastrodia elata, Cordyceps sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Aconitum kusnezoffii, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Gentianae, xianmaoshen, Apostichopus japonicus, Coptis chinensis, etc., which are well-known in the market of traditional Chinese medicine. Wild animals such as tigers, leopards, bears, jackals, wildebeests, wild boars, golden cats, etc., are found in the forest. The large area of Davidia involucrata community is one of the most famous medicinal plants in China It's a rare spectacle inside and outside. On August 9, 2005, Yaoshan was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council.

Yaoshan National Nature Reserve

synonym

Yaoshan nature reserve generally refers to Yaoshan National Nature Reserve

Yaoshan National Nature Reserve is located in Qiaojia county, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. It is composed of yaoshanpian Nature Reserve in the north and Yangjiawan Nature Reserve in the south. The total area is 20141 hectares.

Yaoshan Nature Reserve belongs to the forest ecosystem type of natural ecosystem. The main protected objects are the evergreen broad-leaved forest with the transitional nature of flora between eastern and Western China, especially the semi humid evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem with important scientific research value.

Historical evolution

In 1978, Qiaojia county government planned to build "Qiaoshan forest management station" in Yaoshan.

In 1980, Yaoshan forest police station was established.

On April 5, 1984, Yunnan provincial government approved the establishment of Yaoshan Provincial Nature Reserve (No. 36 document of Yunzheng letter), with a designated area of 10215 hectares, and established the Management Office of Yaoshan Nature Reserve in Yaoshan town.

After 1990, because of the discovery of Pinus quinquefasciatus community in Yangjiawan, Qiaojia county (recognized as grade I key protected wild plant by the state in 1999), and the discovery of national grade II key wild plant Cycas Panzhihua community by the Jinsha River, the scope of the reserve expanded.

In 2003, we carried out a scientific investigation of the nature reserve, and formally determined the boundary of the nature reserve, expanding the area to 20141 hectares.

In 2005, with the approval of the State Council, Yaoshan was officially listed as a National Nature Reserve (GBF No. 40), covering an area of 20141 hectares, and the Management Office of Yaoshan Nature Reserve was upgraded to the Administration Bureau.

In November 2005, Qiaoxian Forestry Bureau and Reserve Management Bureau entrusted Yunnan forestry investigation, planning and Design Institute to formulate the "master plan of Yunnan Yaoshan National Nature Reserve", which passed the expert review and submitted to the higher authorities.

In February 2006, Qiaoxian Forestry Bureau and the Protection Administration entrusted the provincial forestry investigation, planning and Design Institute to carry out the "feasibility study on the construction project of the protected area". The feasibility study report was reviewed by experts and submitted to the State Forestry Administration with yunlinjicai No.33 document.

In June 2006, the State Forestry Administration approved the main construction contents and investment of the project with the approval of the State Forestry Administration on the feasibility study report of the infrastructure construction project of the nature reserve (ljpz No. 159).

In March 2007, the editorial board members of the city and Qiaoxian county approved the establishment of Yunnan Yaoshan National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, which is a public management institution at the deputy department level under the guidance of the forestry department.

geographical environment

position

Yunnan Yaoshan National Nature Reserve is located in Qiaojia county, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. It is composed of two parts which are not connected with each other.

Yaoshan tablet in the north is the main part of the nature reserve, which is located at the confluence of Jinsha River and its main tributary Niulan river. Its geographical coordinates are 102 ° 57 ′ 47 ″～ 103 ° 10 ′ 13 ″ e, 27 ° 08 ′ 54 ″～ 27 ° 25 ′ 31 ″ n; Yangjiawan tablet in the south is located in the central and southern part of Qiaojia county. Its geographical coordinates are 102 ° 59 ′ 59 ″～ 103 ° 01 ′ 33 ″ e, 26 ° 50 ′ 38 ″～ 26 ° 53 ′ 47 ″ n.

climate

The nature reserve is located in the low latitude plateau monsoon climate of Western China, with the characteristics of large daily temperature difference, small annual temperature difference, distinct dry and wet seasons, and obvious three-dimensional climate in dry and warm seasons. The temperature decreased with the increase of altitude. The average temperature of the hottest month (July) decreased from 27.3 ℃ to 13.5 ℃; the average temperature of the coldest month (January) decreased from 12.2 ℃ to - 0.1 ℃, and the precipitation also varied significantly with altitude. Below 1200 meters above sea level, the annual precipitation is less than 1000 mm; about 2000 meters above sea level, the annual precipitation is 1100 mm; 2500-3000 meters above sea level, the maximum precipitation is 1500 mm. The rainy season is from June to September, accounting for 70% of the annual precipitation. In terms of light energy resources, the average annual sunshine hours is 1889.5 hours; the altitude is 840 meters, which is in the middle and low value area in the whole province.

hydrology

The rivers in Yaoshan National Nature Reserve belong to Jinshajiang River system. The rivers flow radially from Jiaoding mountain to Jinshajiang River and Niulan river. There are about 11 rivers with a length of more than 10 km. The river bed slope ratio is large and the flow is turbulent. The river flow is very seasonal. The river flow in rainy season (may October) accounts for 75% of the whole year. In dry season, due to less rainfall, the river flow is recharged by groundwater. The main forms of groundwater are pore water, fissure water and karst water. The weathered basalt fissure water is the main type of groundwater in the nature reserve.

Geology and geomorphology

Yaoshan is the West Branch of Wumeng Mountain, which is the watershed between Jinsha River and its tributary Niulan river. It has a north-south trend. The main peak, jiaodingshan, is 4041.5 meters above sea level, the highest peak in Northeast Yunnan. The relative height difference between the peak and the valley is 3500 meters. Geotectonically, it is located in the west of the paleoyangzi plate and is a part of the eastern Yunnan platform fold belt. Its western edge is the famous Xiaojiang Fault Belt in China. The stratigraphic sequence of the reserve is clear, and the tectonic morphology and movement remains are intact. There are both the ancient rift activity traces in the ancient continental plate and the movement traces caused by the Neotectonics. The Quaternary glacial activity remains are complete and typical, and the evolution of Geology and geomorphology since Paleozoic has deeply affected the geographical characteristics of this area in terms of geomorphic division types. It belongs to the original area of chadishan in East Yunnan and the original sub area of Zhongshan in Northeast Yunnan. There are not only high mountains and valleys, but also cliffs and rock ridges in the reserve. The mountain is precipitous. The top of the mountain is a planation surface transformed by ancient ice erosion. The terrain is gentle and continuous, and the corner peak, blade back, Li gravel, trough and depression are common. There are dozens of ice erosion lakes of different sizes.

soil

The specific geographical location, mountain height, water and heat conditions and vegetation change with height, resulting in different soil formation process, strength and development direction at different altitudes, forming soil types with different characteristics, showing a very obvious vertical distribution law. From the valley of Jinsha River and Niulan River to the top of Yaoshan mountain, with the elevation increasing, the following soil zones are successively distributed: dry red soil, red soil, west slope, yellow brown soil, brown soil, dark brown soil, subalpine meadow soil and alpine cold desert soil. The soil vertical band spectrum belongs to monsoon band spectrum system. According to the soil class (bauxite, eluviate soil) of the base band soil red soil and dominant soil vertical band, the band spectrum type is subtropical humid type, which is the most representative and typical complete soil vertical band spectrum in Northeast Yunnan, Southwest Sichuan and West Guizhou.

Scope of protection

Yunnan Yaoshan National Nature Reserve covers an area of 20141 hectares. It is distributed in 9 towns (Baihetan Town, Zhongzhai Town, Jintang Town, Dongping Town, Dazhai Town, Maozu Town, Hongshan Town, Qiaomaidi Town, Xiaohe Town) and 34 villages (Yangjiawan, Fuxing, Fushan, Renhe, Lishu, Shandian, Yaofeng, Songping, Anju, Guancun, Xiaotian, Dacun, Xiaocun, banhe town) in Qiaojia county Qingqing, Maiping, Yaoshan, Daojiao, Weining, Yueping, Yangliu, Kedu, Liangping, Zhichang, Tianxing, Hongshan, Niulan, Ma'an, Zhushan, Shanbao, Muchang, pugu, Yakou, Youfang and Baika) are divided into Yaoshan and Yangjiawan areas.

Yaoshan district is located in the northeast of Qiaojia county, with the main peak of Jiaoding mountain. It is the highest peak of Jinsha River basin before entering the Yangtze River. Jinsha River and Niulan River meet in the north of Yaoshan, covering an area of 19055 hectares, accounting for 94.6% of the total area. Yangjiawan District is located in the southeast of Qiaojia county, covering an area of 1086 hectares, accounting for 5.4% of the total area.

Protected objects

Yaoshan Nature Reserve belongs to the forest ecosystem type nature reserve of natural ecosystem category, which is listed as the "priority reserve of forest ecosystem" in China's biodiversity protection action plan. The main protected objects are evergreen broad-leaved forests with transitional flora between eastern and Western China

Chinese PinYin : Yao Shan Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu