Arctic Pavilion

Located on the North Bank of Daming Lake, the Arctic Pavilion, also known as the Arctic temple and Zhenwu temple, is a Taoist temple. The Arctic pavilion was built in 1280 A.D. and rebuilt in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. The temple is built on a stone platform more than 7 meters high, consisting of front and back halls, bell and drum towers, and East and West rooms. In the main hall, the statue of emperor Zhenwu, the Northern Water God, is worshipped. Beside the statue, there are two generals of tortoise and snake and four heavenly kings. They are all vivid and vivid. The murals on both sides of the main hall are of high artistic value. The back hall is called the Qisheng hall, where statues of Zhenwu's parents are worshipped.

Arctic Pavilion

Beiji Pavilion, also known as Jiming mountain and qintian mountain, is located in the east of Gulou District, Nanjing city. It is adjacent to Ming city wall and Xuanwu Lake in the north, gulougang in the West and Zhoushan in the East. It was one of the royal gardens in the Southern Dynasties.

Liu Song established the first sun observatory on the top of the mountain, the first weather observatory in Nanjing. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang built the "Observatory" here, also known as "qintiantai". In the south of Jilongshan, Guozijian (now the Sipailou campus of Southeast University) was set up. It was the largest national university in China in the 14th and 5th centuries.

In the 18th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1385), an observatory was built here, on which astronomical instruments such as armillary sphere, simple instrument and guibiao were set up. In the Qing Dynasty, "longevity Pavilion" and "imperial stele Pavilion" were built. Because the pavilion is located in the Ming Dynasty "wanzhenwu Temple" after the top, it is called the Arctic Pavilion.

Nanjing Arctic Pavilion is the birthplace of modern Chinese meteorology, which plays an important role in Chinese meteorology and the world meteorology. The China Arctic Pavilion meteorological Museum on the Arctic Pavilion is the first professional meteorological Museum in China. In 1990, the Arctic pavilion park was built and opened. Because it is located in Jilong mountain, it is also called the Arctic pavilion park.

Historical evolution

Beiji Pavilion is a hill in Nanjing City, also known as qintian mountain. It is located in the east of Gulou, with Taicheng and Xuanwu Lake in the north, Gulou hill in the West and Zhoushan in the East. It was named after the establishment of the sun watching platform on the mountain in the Liu Song Dynasty.

In ancient times, it was called "Jiming mountain" because it looked like a chicken cage. In Ming Dynasty, it was called "qintian mountain" because it was set up on the top of the mountain to measure the Xuanwei. It was a royal garden in the Southern Dynasties. In the 18th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, the observatory was rebuilt.

In the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the royal family of the Qing Dynasty transported all the astronomical instruments of the observatory to Beijing and built "longevity Pavilion" and "imperial stele Pavilion".

In 1927, Zhu Kezhen planned to establish the Institute of Meteorology of Academia Sinica. In the same year, he established the first national meteorological station in modern China, the Arctic Pavilion meteorological station, which is the birthplace of modern meteorology in China.

In 1948, the Academia Sinica selected 81 academicians and held its first academician meeting in the Arctic Pavilion.

Arctic pavilion has a long history of meteorology.

As early as the northern and Southern Dynasties, the "Lingtai waiting tower" was built in the North Pole pavilion to observe the weather; in the Ming and Hongwu dynasties, the "Observatory" was built here, also known as "qintiantai", to observe both weather and astronomical phenomena; in the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi went to the south of the Yangtze River for the sixth time, and once stepped on the platform to look far away and personally wrote "kuangguan"; in the period of the Republic of China, Mr. Zhu Kezhen, an outstanding meteorologist and geographer, founded the Chinese calendar here The first Meteorological Institute in history.

A group of top meteorologists in modern and contemporary China, such as Tu Changwang, Zhao Jiuzhang, ye Duzheng and Tao Shiyan, have worked and studied here. Therefore, Nanjing Arctic Pavilion is known as the birthplace of modern Chinese meteorology by meteorologists at home and abroad.

Since the founding of new China, the Arctic pavilion has always been the location of Jiangsu meteorological observatory and Jiangsu meteorological service center.

In 1999, the Arctic pavilion was named "National Youth Science and technology education base" by the Ministry of science and technology, the Ministry of education, the Central Propaganda Department and the China Association for science and technology. In 2000, the Arctic pavilion was selected by Nanjing University as the "industry university research base".

According to the overall plan of Nanjing Municipal People's government and the construction plan of meteorological science popularization base of China Meteorological Bureau and China Meteorological Society, Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau and Jiangsu meteorological society decided to build a meteorological science and technology business center and a meteorological Museum in the Arctic Pavilion.

With the theme of "Sitian Guanxiang", the planning and design integrates the history of meteorological development, modern science and technology, science popularization and tourism.

A bronze statue of Mr. Zhu Kezhen was made in front of the meteorological museum to commemorate the pioneer of modern meteorology in China.

The new meteorological observation field, meteorological science popularization multimedia and gallery, together with the modern meteorological forecast center and meteorological film and Television Center, will be opened to the public, making the Arctic Pavilion an influential meteorological science and technology education base and a learning and propaganda garden full of strong meteorological culture.

The three story hexagonal tower on the top of Jilong mountain was rebuilt on the original site of Arctic Pavilion in 1928.

Historical records

According to historical records, in the early years of the Liu Song Dynasty (421), when the royal family renovated the Hualin garden, they built the "Si Tian Tai" on the top of Jilong mountain. They set up full-time officials to observe the sky, measure the wind, provide data and compile the calendar.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the observatory was rebuilt at the original site. In 1341, the first astronomical instrument invented by astronomer Guo Shoujing was installed. In 1381, it was rebuilt as qintiantai.

In the early years of the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, all the remaining instruments and equipment were transported to Beijing, and the qintiantai was abandoned.

In 1684, Emperor Kangxi visited Jilong mountain and enjoyed the scenery of Jinling mountain and ancient capital. The title "kuangguan" was given to bureaucrats, and then local officials erected steles and built pavilions here. There are famous buildings such as the Arctic Pavilion and Wanshou Pavilion. Named after "Arctic", the pavilion may be located in the north of the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties God intended.

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, Jilong mountain was one of the 48 scenic spots in Jinling. In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), the Arctic Pavilion and other buildings were burned by the Taiping Army and rebuilt in the tenth year of Tongye (1871). In 1911, when the revolution of 1911 broke out, Zhang Xun set up the Arctic pavilion where he was commanding. It was severely damaged by the shelling of Jiangsu and Zhejiang allied forces. By 1927, when Zhu Kezhen was the director of the Central Research Institute of Meteorology and Ruan meteorological station was first built, beibange was on the verge of collapse. In 1931, the Institute of Meteorology built a two-story library on the Taipei side of Meteorology and an earthquake observation room on the underground platform. Cai Yuanpei, the president of Academia Sinica at that time, also wrote the inscription.

In modern times, the astronomical observation and research functions of the former qintianjian observatory on the mountain were transferred to the Zijinshan observatory. Jiming temple, built in Xiaoliang, is located at the eastern foot of the Arctic Pavilion. On the south side of the mountain, Southeast University is located in the northwest part of the Imperial College of Ming Dynasty.

Traffic information

Take Nanjing bus No.11 to the Arctic Hall Station, and walk to the China Arctic Pavilion meteorological Museum.

Address: no.271, West Minghu Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan City, Shandong Province (North Bank of Daming Lake Park)

Longitude: 117.028853

Latitude: 36.677747

Tel: 0531-86088900

Ticket information: Free

Opening hours: all day

Chinese PinYin : Bei Ji Ge