Jinxian Temple

Jinxian Temple

Jinxian temple, also known as "Ziwu Jinxian Temple". Quanzhen Taoist school Taoist temple, the ancestral court of Korean Taoism, is located in Ziwu Valley, west of Ziwu Town, Zhongnan mountain, Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. Jinxian temple is located in the main peak of Ziwu Valley (Ziwu mountain). It was built in the period of Emperor Wen of the Western Han Dynasty. It is called xuandu altar, and was set up by the emperor as a place for praying to heaven. Later, the hermits who practiced Taoism in Zhongnan Mountain built many Taoist temples by using this altar, which were distributed on the top and around the altar. Now there are many relics left.

Jinxian temple is one of the Taoist temples in the history of Ziwu valley. Ruizong of Tang Dynasty was the eighth female Princess of Xicheng who entered the Taoist temple. Until April 14, 2002. Change the title of Jinxian for the princess. The temple was created in the name of Jinxian. Jinxian temple was built in Fuxing square in the capital. Later, the lower courtyard of Jinxian temple was built in Ziwu Valley, also known as Jinxian temple. The emperor once ordered the central government to build the temple, especially the Jinxian tower. The Jinxian pavilion was built in Ziwu Valley, and the Yurong hall was built in Wuzong Huichang.

Jinxian is the name of Taoist immortal. Taoist immortals originated from Kunlun Mountain and queen mother of the West in the West. They belong to Jin in the west, so they are called Jinxian. Zhongnan mountain is the first of the 72 blessed places of Taoism.

Introduction to the palace

Jinxian temple, three miles northwest of the county. It is said that this place is the place where Jinxian Princess and jinkeji immortal practice. The temple was founded in 710, the first year of Jingyun in Tang Dynasty. It was named Ziwu jinxiannvguan temple at that time, and it was renamed Ziwu jinxianguan temple in Song Dynasty. December 17, the first year of Jingyun. Ruizong was the eighth female Princess of Xining who entered the Taoist temple. Until April 14, 2002. Change the title of Jinxian for the princess. The temple was created in the name of Jinxian. Jinxian temple was built in Fuxing square in the capital, and then the lower courtyard of Jinxian temple was built in Ziwu Valley, also known as Jinxian temple. The emperor once ordered the central government to build the Jinxian temple, especially the Jinxian tower. The ziwuyu Jinxian temple also built the Jinxian Pavilion, and Wuzong Huichang built the Yurong hall in the Jinxian temple. There are only xuandu altar, cliff inscriptions of Tang Dynasty and stone bridge built by Zuo Zongtang. There is a stream passing through in front of the view. The stream is clear and has four seasons. It is surrounded by green trees, thick shade and hot summer. When you swim here, you feel cool and cool, which is like entering a fairyland.

Evolution of construction

In the first year of Tang Jingyun (710), Jinxian temple was built, named "Ziwu Jinxian Guanguan".

In 712, Jinxian pavilion was built.

In the third year of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty (1104), it was renovated with the title of "Ziwu Jinxian Temple".

Jiajing 30 years (1551), renamed xuandutai, expansion.

From the seventh to the twenty third year of Jiaqing period (1802-1818) in the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed the Taigu xuandu temple, which was overhauled and repaired for more than ten times.

The Republic of China was abolished.

Ziwu Valley, known as Ziwu Valley in ancient times, is an important traffic road from Chang'an city to the south. It is also a valley in Ziwu Town, Chang'an District, Xi'an city. It is located at the northern foot of Zhongnan mountain section of Qinling Mountains, namely Ziwu road. Ziwu ancient road is a famous traffic artery in history. In ancient times, "Ziwu Valley" is the main traffic artery from Chang'an to Bashu (or Hanzhong) through Qinling Mountains. It is from here that we leave Chang'an and go to Hanzhong. There are still ancient relics in the valley, such as plank road and cliff stone carvings.

Later, the location of this ancient traffic artery in the north of Qinling Mountains moved to the west of yukou, especially with the opening of the "Xiwan highway" in the period of the Republic of China moving its exit to the "Fengyu" in the west of Ziwu valley. As a result, the temples and Taoist temples built in large quantities in Ziwu valley from the Han and Tang Dynasties were abandoned, leaving only ruins. Although the ancient road is abandoned, there are many remains of it. After the abandonment of Ziwu Valley, the number of Taoist temples in the valley also decreased. In addition to the mountain torrents, most of the relics were only preserved, except xuandu altar and Jinxian temple, which were preserved in the 1960s.

In 2004, at the request of local villagers, the 29th generation of Xuanyi disciples of quanzhenlongmen school was appointed Deputy Secretary General of Shaanxi Taoist Association He is a member of the Standing Committee of the Chang'an CPPCC and President of the Chang'an Taoist Association. He is now a member of the ninth Council of the Chinese Taoist Association, a member of the Taoist culture and Art Committee of the ninth special committee of the Chinese Taoist Association, vice president of the Shaanxi Taoist Association, vice president of the Xi'an Taoist Association, consultant of the Shanxi Taoist Association, and director of the Taoist research center of the Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, fan Guangchun He initiated the establishment of jinxianguan Preparatory Committee with the strong support of the relevant departments of Chang'an government, Ziwu sub district office, and the cadres and masses of nandoudou and Qiliping villages. After two years of construction, the main building complex of Jinxian temple has been basically completed. The first phase of the project was completed on July 26, 2006 and opened to the outside world to meet the needs of people from all walks of life.

geographical environment

geographical position

Jinxian temple is located in Ziwu Valley, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. Yukou is located in Ziwu West Village, Ziwu sub district office, Chang'an District, about 1km away from the mountain tour road. It is located in the main peak of Ziwu Valley (Ziwu mountain), with the back of Ziwu peak.

Climate type

Jinxian Temple belongs to warm temperate semi humid continental monsoon climate zone, with moderate rainfall, four distinct seasons, mild climate, short autumn and long spring. Generally, January, April, July and October are the representative months of winter, spring, summer and autumn. It is dry and cold in winter, warm in spring, hot and rainy in summer, and mild and humid in autumn. The annual average temperature is 15.5 ℃, precipitation is about 600 m, humidity is 69.6%, frost free period is 216 days, sunshine is 1377 hours.

The average temperature of the coldest January is - 0.9 ℃, and the average temperature of the hottest July is 26.8 ℃. The rainfall is mainly distributed in July, August and September. The same period of rain and heat is conducive to the growth of crops. The annual average snowfall day is 13.8 days, the first snowfall day is generally in late November, and the last snowfall day is generally in mid March. Affected by the terrain, Changan has more northeast wind throughout the year, with an average annual wind speed of 1.3-2.6 M / s.

Architectural pattern

The Jinxian Temple faces north and south, with its back on Jinxian peak, echoing Xiaowutai. The pavilions and pavilions are close to the mountains and water. In addition to the cliff murals, the sound of birds on the rock, and the embellishment of stories and legends, the geomantic treasure land adds some mystery and aura. The buildings are symmetrically arranged, with five terraces on the central axis, and Lingguan hall, shangshanchi, Jinxian hall, shifangtang and Taiqing hall are built from top to bottom. The two sides are divided into three courtyards by buildings such as accessory rooms, forming a group of hall buildings with row upon row and distinct primary and secondary buildings.

The road from the northern foot of Qinling Mountains to "Ziwu Valley" has always been along the old road of history, so there are many legendary relics of the ancient road. Shortly after entering yukou, you can see a stone bridge, which was donated by Zuo Zongtang, Marquis kejing of the late Qing Dynasty. Further inside, there is a stone built Dragon King Temple on a small stream. It is an ancient temple built in the Ming Dynasty, also known as the Golden Dragon King temple. In the old days, it was dedicated to the Dragon King of the four seas, the empress of the Dragon King, the sun, the moon, the king of stars, the God of thunder, the God of electricity, the God of wind and the God of rain. When the wind and rain are out of balance, the drought does not rain, or the rain does not stop for a long time, the people have to go to the Dragon King Temple to burn incense and pray for the Dragon King to control the water and weather. The temple is exquisitely carved. Nearby is the relic "charity bridge".

Crossing the charity bridge, and then turning a mountain pass, a huge stone stands in front of you, like the "shadow wall" of the Taoist temple, also known as the "porch". On the left side of it, there is "Jinxian Temple" engraved with red characters in Chinese, and on the right side, there is Korean and Pinyin engraved with green characters. Behind the boulder, you can see the true face of Jinxian temple. The roof built on the mountain has a Tai Chi pattern on it, which reminds us of the national flag of South Korea with Tai Chi pattern.

There are three main halls in the middle, Cihang hall and God of wealth hall on both sides. The Shangshan pool outside the gate of the Taoist temple is different from others. The animals in the pool are carrying Yuanbao. Even the incense burner in front of the hall is also the shape of Yuanbao, which embodies the Taoist pursuit of praying for all living beings. There are many moments in the mountain stream, full of Taoist immortal wind. In particular, this piece is engraved with "the same origin of Buddhism and Taoism", which is the title of Liu Xiaolingtong, a national first-class actor. People who don't understand it really feel "mysterious".

Jinxian temple is built on the Yinya mountain. It is small in scale and extraordinary in momentum. The whole complex emphasizes the axial symmetry and basically follows an upward trend. The Taoist temple faces north and south, with its back on Jinxianfeng. It is a building with three entrances and three ascents. It is in harmony with the basic idea of "Tao generates one, one life two, two lives three, three lives all things..." in Tao Te Ching. It also reflects the ancient Chinese Fengshui principle of "negative Yin embracing Yang, back mountain facing water", thus forming the accumulation and protection of "Qi field" in Fengshui. It is worth mentioning that although the first two parts of the Taoist temple are symmetrical and neat, there is a circular glazed tile building on the east side of the three entrances square, which is symmetrical with a towering tree. The visual difference shows that the Taoist follows the history, grasps and uses flexibly, and also shows the Taoist's principles of naturalness, respect for nature and protection of nature.

The overall design is based on the meridian line of xuandu altar, with its back against xuandu altar and its north facing. It is located at the intersection of two streams and two dragons playing with pearls. It is built in accordance with the mountain. The main hall is under xuandu altar. The hall of Cihang and the hall of God of wealth are set in the direction of Qinglong and Baihu. With xuandu altar, five peaks form the situation of five dragons holding the altar. There are two pavilions of Huixin and WangXuan on the opposite side of the mountain gate, and a Mingtang on top of the stream, In line with the Taoist concept of Feng Shui. During the construction of Jinxian temple, the impact on the surrounding environment was reduced as much as possible. Some shorter plants were transplanted around, and larger trees were planted

Chinese PinYin : Jin Xian Guan