Xin'an Old Town

Xin'an ancient city, located in the north of Nantou overpass, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, covers an area of about 70000 square meters. It is the largest historical and cultural relics tourist attraction in Shenzhen, also known as Nantou ancient city. It has a long history of more than 1730 years. According to historical records, Xin'an County was established in the first year of Wanli (1573) of the Ming Dynasty. It is an important military town for coastal defense and an important transportation hub for rivers and seas. Since the Jin Dynasty, Hong Kong, Macao, Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Dongguan and other places have long been under the jurisdiction of Nantou ancient city. Now, the first phase of the renovation project of the old city of Xin'an has been completed. It is planned to repair more than ten places, including the archway, nanchengmen, county government, Xin'an prison, coastal defense office, Dongguan guild hall, Guandi temple, wentianxiang temple, opium smoking hall, jieguanting hall, Juxiu building, Yili pawnbroker, taomigong bank, etc.

Nantou ancient city

synonym

General guide to Xin'an ancient city

Nantou ancient city, also known as "Xin'an ancient city", is located on the East Bank of the Pearl River Estuary and in the north of Nantou overpass in Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province. It covers an area of 385000 square meters and a construction area of 517000 square meters.

Nantou ancient city includes more than ten cultural and historical landscapes, including pailou, nanchengmen, Xin'an County Yamen, Xin'an prison, coastal defense office, Dongguan guild hall, Guandi temple, wentianxiang temple, opium smoking hall, jieguanting hall, juxiulou, yiliya pawnshop, taomigong bank, etc. Since the establishment of Dongguan County in the sixth year of Xianhe (331), it has a history of nearly 1700 years,

It was the seat of Baoan county government before the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone,

Known as the "root of the history and culture of Shenzhen and Hong Kong", it is the administrative center, coastal defense fortress, maritime transportation and foreign trade distribution center of Lingnan coastal areas.

In 1988, Nantou ancient city was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Shenzhen.

In 2018, Nantou ancient city was listed as one of the "top ten characteristic cultural blocks in Shenzhen".

Historical evolution

Nantou ancient city is located in the East Bank of the Pearl River Estuary. It is the administrative center, coastal defense fortress, maritime transportation and foreign trade distribution center of Lingnan coastal area in past dynasties. It has a long history and culture.

In 331, Dongguan county was set up in Nantou ancient city.

In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the Tang Dynasty set up a military organization "Tuen Mun military town" in Nantou, and the town governance was in Nantou city. From then on until the Ming Dynasty, Nantou ancient city changed from an administrative center to a maritime transportation gateway and military fortress.

According to the records of Xin'an County, the existing Nantou ancient city was built in 1394, the 27th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, and it was originally "the city of a thousand households in Dongguan".

In the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1572), Xin'an County was set up in the Ming Dynasty, which means "reform the old and make the new, turn the crisis into safety". Nantou ancient city is where the county government is located. In the Qing Dynasty, Nantou ancient city experienced the process of moving to the sea and restoring its boundary, which witnessed the humiliating history of ceding Hong Kong.

During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government moved the boundary to ban the sea and abolished Xin'an County. A large number of residents moved in Nantou ancient city. Besides the city wall, the houses in the ancient city were demolished and the building materials were used to build the boundary wall.

During the period of the Republic of China, Nantou ancient city was still the seat of Baoan County until the founding of the people's Republic of China.

During the Anti Japanese War, the Japanese army built a large number of military facilities on the ancient city of Nantou, which seriously damaged the structure of the ancient city.

In the early period of reform and opening up, local residents demolished the wall bricks and built houses on the wall ruins.

Architectural pattern

In the Ming Dynasty, Nantou and Zicheng were 578.5 Zhang in circumference, 2 Zhang in height, 1 Zhang in South width and 2 Zhang in bottom width. There are four gates in the East, West, South and North, named Jukui, Zhenhai, Ningnan and Gongchen. Outside the South Gate of the main gate, there is an outer gate named Yingen. There are four towers, 25 sentries and 1200 battlements on the wall. There are three suspension bridges and two water gates outside the city, which are located in the southeast corner and southwest corner respectively. At present, the buildings of Ming Dynasty are preserved in the south gate, the north wall remains, and the east gate is rebuilt in Qing Dynasty.

Nantou ancient city has nine streets, so it is commonly known as "nine streets". Zhongshan South Street is one of the "nine streets". It is also a north-south street leading to the South Gate of the ancient city in the ancient city. It starts from the South Gate in the South and ends at zhongshangdong street and West Street in the north, facing the Ya site of Xin'an County in Guangzhou. On both sides of the street, there are many dwellings, Dongguan guild hall, Shenzhen municipal cultural relics protection unit, and the site of Coastal Defense Office.

Cultural relics

overview

In Nantou ancient city, there are 1 key cultural relic protection unit of Guangdong Province (Nantou ancient city wall), 5 municipal cultural relic protection units of Shenzhen (Dongguan guild hall, Xinguo official document ancestral hall, Yuying hall, monument of Jiefang Neilingding Island, Nantou village blockhouse), 10 protected buildings and 34 historical buildings (Xin'an County Government, Xin'an prison, Haiphong office, Guandi temple, Baode temple, opium smoking hall, Jiedu Temple) Guanting, Ju Xiu Lou, Yili pawnshop, pottery public bank, Town God's Temple, Guanyin Ge well, Xianning street well, pin Fang well, etc.

Cultural relic value

For Shenzhen, the existence of Nantou ancient city is of special significance. It is the root of the history and culture of Shenzhen and Hong Kong, and the seat of Baoan county government before the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone,

From Dongguan county to Suocheng county and then to Xin'an County, Nantou ancient city has become the political, economic and cultural center of Shenzhen and Hong Kong. It has witnessed the historical changes and the rise and fall of Shenzhen since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and is regarded as the historical root and cultural source of Shenzhen and Hong Kong.

The existence of Nantou ancient city reflects the exploration and pursuit of Lingnan people for marine culture, the inclusiveness and diversity of Shenzhen culture, and the patriotism of Lingnan people to fight against foreign enemies. Nantou ancient city has multiple cultural values, such as history, politics, military, trade, architecture, religion, Academy, reform and opening up, with profound historical and cultural origins.

Nantou ancient city, which has a history of 1700 years, is of great historical significance in reflecting the "cultural heritage of the same clan and the same origin" in Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao, and has the value of "cross-border major cultural heritage protection".

History and culture

overview

Although Shenzhen is a new immigrant city with only a short history of 36 years. In fact, the history of Shenzhen can be traced back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty 1600 years ago. The ancient city of Nantou has witnessed the thousand year history of this dynamic city and tells the past and present life of this reform city. As scholars of local history in Shenzhen have said, Shenzhen is not a "cultural desert". In history, Shenzhen was originally a border city on the South China Sea.

Cultural Activity

In 2017, Nantou ancient city, as the main exhibition hall, held the main exhibition hall of the 7th Shenzhen Hong Kong City Architecture Biennale (Shenzhen).

On July 19, 2019, the temple fair of folk culture in Nantou ancient city, held by Nantou street, officially opened. In Nantou ancient city, folk cultural performances such as Cantonese opera, Peking Opera and Huangmei opera will be staged to display intangible cultural heritage such as silhouette, interior painting and Manchu embroidery.

Honorary recognition

In 2017, Nantou ancient city was elected as one of the top ten Maritime Silk Road cultural landmarks in Guangdong.

protective measures

In 1983, the south gate and North Gate walls of Nantou ancient city were announced as cultural relics protection units in Shenzhen.

In 1984, the Xinguo official document ancestral hall, Dongguan guild hall, Yuying hall and the monument of Neilingding Island in Nantou ancient city were announced as cultural relics protection units in Shenzhen.

In 1988, Nantou ancient city was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Shenzhen,

In June 1998, Nanshan District Cultural Relics Management Committee and Nanshan Branch of Municipal Bureau of planning and land entrusted Shenzhen Branch of China urban planning and Design Institute to formulate the protection plan.

In 2002, Nantou village blockhouse in Nantou ancient city was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Shenzhen, and Nantou ancient city wall was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province.

In May 2002, cultural relics experts from Guangdong Province demonstrated the protection of Nanmen square in Nantou ancient city. In November 2002, Guangdong Provincial Department of culture approved the protection plan of Nanmen square in Nantou ancient city.

In December 2011, Shenzhen Municipal Commission of planning, land and resources compiled the protection plan of Nantou ancient city in Shenzhen.

In 2018, the 10th plenary session of the 6th Shenzhen Municipal Party committee listed Nantou ancient city as one of the "top ten characteristic cultural blocks in Shenzhen".

In October 2019, Nanshan District Party committee and government listed the protection and utilization of Nantou ancient city as one of the "three battles" in the whole district, striving to build it into the most attractive cultural card and panoramic history museum in Shenzhen.

Visit information

geographical position

Address: Nantou ancient city is located in the north of Nantou overpass, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province.

 

Opening Hours

All day: Monday to Sunday, free admission.

traffic

Metro: Take Shenzhen Metro Line 1 to Daxin station or Taoyuan station (walk to Nantou ancient city about 900 meters).

Bus: Take Shenzhen bus No.42, M371, m435, M506 and Gaofeng special line No.62 to Xin'an Gucheng station.

Address: Shennan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province

Chinese PinYin : Xin An Gu Cheng