Lin'an City Site

Lin'an City site is located in Fenghuang Mountain in the south of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. It was built in the third year of Jianyan (1129 A.D.) of Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of Southern Song Dynasty. The site of Lin'an ancient city is square with a total area of more than 10000 square meters. It is composed of large rammed earth platform, stone wall and gate site. There are three gates, and there are halls, halls and towers in the city. There are more than 130 pavilions. The main palaces are now buried 3 meters below the surface of the earth. The base site is well preserved. The site of Lin'an City is of great significance to the study of the politics, economy and culture of the Southern Song Dynasty, the layout of the imperial city of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the development and change of the capital system in ancient China.

Lin'an City Site

Lin'an City site is located in the area of Songcheng road at the eastern foot of Fenghuang in the south of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. It was built in 1129 A.D., the third year of Jianyan reign of Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of Southern Song Dynasty, and was destroyed by fire in Yuan Dynasty.

The site of Lin'an ancient city is square with a total area of more than 100000 square meters. It is composed of large rammed earth platform, stone wall and gate site. There are three gates, and there are halls, halls and towers in the city. There are more than 130 pavilions. The main palaces are now buried 3 meters below the surface of the earth. The base site is well preserved.

The layout of the imperial city of the Southern Song Dynasty was the first of its kind. Before the Song Dynasty, there were mainly two kinds of capital layout in ancient China: one was the Imperial Palace in the north and the folk houses in the south, such as Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty; the other was the Imperial Palace in the middle of the city, surrounded by folk houses, such as Bianliang in the Northern Song Dynasty. In Hangzhou of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Imperial Palace was in the south, the folk houses and the market were in the north, and the main land for urban development was in the north of Wushan mountain. The Imperial Palace was put in the south, which left enough space for the development of the northern part of the city.

In 2002, in order to protect the northern wall of the Imperial City, the Garden Culture Bureau of Hangzhou built an iron fence around the remaining rammed earth wall. The east wall of Huangcheng city is now covered by dwellings. Most of the south wall of the imperial city is parallel to the song city road, and the ruins of the city wall have disappeared from the surface.

The site of Lin'an City is of great significance to the study of the politics, economy and culture of the Southern Song Dynasty, the layout of the imperial city of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the development and change of the capital system in ancient China.

After the archaeological excavation to clarify the pattern, the main sites are displayed after the implementation of protective measures, and the palace pattern is displayed through landscape design on the ground. The exhibition area of the site includes the exhibition area with the palace as the center, the exhibition area with the west gate as the core, the square area with the Henning gate as the representative, and the green leisure area of the East Palace and the back garden. In 2001, it was approved as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Range

The imperial city of the Southern Song Dynasty, in the eastern foot of Phoenix. It was originally the state government of Hangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty. In February 1129, it was set up as a palace in the Southern Song Dynasty. In 1131, it was established as the imperial city. In the eighth year of Shaoxing, Hangzhou was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. It extends to tiaozhuwan in the south, wansongling in the north, hillside in the west, and central Henan Section in the East. It is about 1400 meters long from east to west, 700 meters long from north to south, and has a radius of 9 li. The Southern Song Dynasty was divided into two parts: the South and the north. Nannei is the Imperial City, and its palaces, pavilions and gardens are arranged according to the natural terrain. Rigorous layout and brilliant architecture. In 1276, the yuan army invaded Hangzhou and burned some of its palaces. Some of its palaces were converted into temples. After the Ming Dynasty, it was gradually deserted. In 2001, the State Council identified Lin'an City site as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and the core of its protection is the Southern Song Dynasty imperial city on Fenghuang mountain. In the "Lin'an City Site - Imperial City site protection plan", it is suggested that the four walls of the Southern Song Dynasty imperial city should be marked out. After archaeological excavation, the location of these four walls has been basically clear. North wall of Imperial City

It is about 710 meters south of wansongling road and west of the west wall of Hangzhou traditional Chinese medicine warehouse. In 2002, in order to protect this relic, the Garden Culture Bureau of Hangzhou built an iron fence around the remaining rammed earth wall.

East wall of the Imperial City: the existing 390 meters, 8.8-12 meters wide, is located in the eastern foot of Mantou, the east side of Zhonghe viaduct, and the south section is located on the cliff on the west side of Mantou mountain road; the city wall is now covered by folk houses.

South wall of Imperial City

It is located on the north side of the present song city road, most of which are parallel to the song city road.

The west wall of the Imperial City: the south end of the west wall connects with the south wall, passing through the east side of No. 105 residence on Songcheng road to the north, and reaching a steep slope at the south foot of Fenghuang Mountain at the north end, with no remains on the surface.

layout

Lin'an is adjacent to Fenghuang Mountain in the south, West Lake in the west, and plain in the north and East. The city is a long and narrow irregular rectangle from north to south. The palace dominates Fenghuang Mountain in the south, and the whole city block is in the north, forming a pattern of "Nangong Beishi". The imperial Street extending northward from the north gate of the palace runs through the whole city, becoming a prosperous area of the city. The south section of Yu Street is the Government Office District, and the middle section is the central comprehensive business district. At the same time, there are a number of industrial streets and "Wazi" where cultural and entertainment activities are concentrated. The government business district is on the east side of the south section of Yu Street. The commerce and handicraft industry all over the city occupy a large proportion in the city. The residential area is in the middle of the city. Many of the residences of the senior officials and relatives are located behind the commercial market beside Yu Street. The official handicraft industry area and warehouse area are in the north of the city.

road

Lin'an is dominated by Yu Street, which starts from the north gate of the palace and Ning gate and ends at jingling palace in the north of the city, with a total length of about 4500 meters. In addition, there are four north-south roads similar to the direction of royal street. There are also four east-west trunk roads, which are the passageways between the East and west city gates. There are also a number of secondary streets leading to the central imperial street. According to the local conditions, the whole city has formed a grid of different sizes, the roads are inclined, and named "Fang". These are the evidence of the collapse of Lifang system.

River lake system

There are four rivers in the city, of which Yanqiao river is the main transport channel, and there are many busy markets along both sides of the river. There are many rivers outside the city, connected with the Grand Canal. These crisscross rivers and lakes form a water transport network, which plays an important role in the economic development of Lin'an.

business zone

Lin'an shops are all over the city. "From outside the fork of the Huning gate to under the Guanqiao bridge, there is no one who doesn't buy and sell" (Meng Liang Lu). This is exactly the scene of Yu Street. It belongs to the central comprehensive business district, in which there are markets for special commodities, such as gold and silver transactions, as well as markets for general commodities. In addition, there are many "Wazi", including teahouses, hotels and places for acrobatics. Lin'an government run handicraft workshops are mostly concentrated in Wulin Square and Zhaoxian square in the north of the city. The official kiln of porcelain is located at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain in the south of the city. The private handicraft industry is all over the city, and the silk textile industry is mostly industrial and commercial workshops, concentrated in the Guanxiang area in the middle of Yujie street. Peng Qiao in the middle of Yu Street is the largest book market in Lin'an, and the engraving workshop is near Peng Qiao.

Cultural relics development

The palaces in the ancient capital of China, which are composed of many groups of buildings, such as office area, living area, service area, garden and so on, are usually built on a wide and flat base, such as the Forbidden City of Beijing. The site of Lin'an Imperial City in the Southern Song Dynasty is located between mountains and rivers, which is well integrated with the natural landscape and terrain, so it is unique.

The Imperial Palace was built on the basis of the mountain. The halls and pavilions were stacked together. There were more than 130 halls, halls and pavilions. The imperial palace of the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed by fire in the Yuan Dynasty, and there were almost no surface buildings. The main palace sites were buried about two or three meters underground.

The exhibition area of the site includes the exhibition area with the palace as the center, the exhibition area with the west gate as the core, the square area with the Henning gate as the representative, and the green leisure area of the East Palace and the back garden.

Exhibition area with palace as the center

After the archaeological excavation to clarify the pattern, the main sites are displayed after the implementation of protective measures, and the palace pattern is displayed through landscape design on the ground.

He Ning men site

After excavation, the ground is paved to mark the location of the gate, or the original part is restored and displayed as the north entrance of the Heritage Park. Because it is closely connected with the West Lake Scenic Area and the old city, it is also the main entrance for visitors to the Heritage Park.

After excavation, the Lizhengmen site was backfilled, and the ground was paved to mark the location of the gate; or the original site was partially restored as the south entrance of the site park.

Exhibition area with west gate as the core

After excavation together with the south wall, the site and some sites in the west section of the south wall were displayed after protection measures were implemented. Along the south wall site, green signs were used to mark the location of the city wall, and the moat outside the south wall was restored and displayed in combination with landscape design.

As for the government department, it is planned to build a public square park. Before the completion of the project, archaeological exploration should be carried out, and the site of the city wall should be indicated by greening on the ground. If there are important sites, they should be excavated first, and then they should be displayed according to the actual situation.

Part of the East Palace and back garden will form a green leisure area. After the archaeological excavation to clarify the pattern, reveal the main site, after the implementation of protective measures for display. The use of Mantou mountain, the combination of forest landscape and the East Palace site display, supplemented by landscape sketches, the scenic spots are connected by the forest promenade.

Address: Fenghuang mountain, south of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

Longitude: 119.755856

Latitude: 30.226071

Chinese PinYin : Lin An Cheng Yi Zhi