Hemudu site

Hemudu Site Museum is composed of two parts: cultural relics exhibition hall and site exhibition area. The discovery of Hemudu site was accidental because of the construction of a water conservancy project. During the construction process, a large number of pottery pieces and animal bones were found, as well as a large number of cultivated rice, large pieces of wooden buildings and rich animal and plant remains.

Many of these unearthed objects are presented intact in the museum. The inside of the exhibition hall is also very user-friendly. There are touch-screen computers that can query some information about Hemudu.

Hemudu site

Hemudu site is located in the northeast of Hemudu village, Hemudu Town, Yuyao City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

It is about 20 kilometers away from Ningbo City. It is an early Neolithic site in southern China (about 7000-5000 years ago)

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The total area of Hemudu site is 40000 square meters, with four cultural layers stacked up and down. There are hundreds of thousands of pieces of pottery unearthed from Hemudu site, as well as a large number of precious cultural relics, such as pottery, bone ware, stone tools, plant remains, animal remains, wooden building remains and so on

. The discovery of Hemudu site has provided a basis for Chinese historiography and archaeology, proving that the Yangtze River Basin is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization

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On February 23, 1982, Hemudu site was announced as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

. In June 2018, Hemudu site was announced as the second batch of provincial archaeological sites park by Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of cultural relics

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In May 2020, it will be included in the first batch of "Zhejiang cultural imprint" list.

Historical evolution

Hemudu site is divided into four cultural layers, the fourth cultural layer is about 7000-6500 years ago, the third cultural layer is about 6500-6000 years ago, the second cultural layer is about 6000-5500 years ago, and the first cultural layer is about 5500-5000 years ago

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In the summer of 1973, the Hemudu site was discovered when the local farmers dug soil for the drainage project. In the same year, the first large-scale excavation of Hemudu site was carried out by Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Administration Commission and Zhejiang Provincial Museum

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In 1977, the second large-scale excavation of Hemudu site was carried out by Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Administration Commission and Zhejiang Provincial Museum

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Site features

The total area of Hemudu site is 40000 square meters, and the thickness of accumulation is about 4 meters. Among them, the age of the fourth cultural layer is one of the earliest Neolithic strata discovered in China. The third and fourth cultural layers preserved a large number of plant remains, animal remains, wooden building remains and components, as well as thousands of pottery, bone ware, stone tools, wood and so on

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The wooden architecture remains excavated from Hemudu site are fan-shaped fractal along the hill slope, which is very regular. It's a stilted building - a long house with a front porch on the ground floor. There are about several of them. The largest one is about 23 meters long and 7 meters deep, and the front porch is 1.3 meters deep. The foundation of the building is driven into the soil by rows of piles. The ground beam is erected between the piles, and the floor is laid on it, about one meter high from the ground. The roof truss is raised by a 3-meter middle column in the middle of the base, a 2.6-meter-high back eaves and a slightly lower front eaves column. The beams, braces, columns, purlins and many other wood members in the roof truss are mortise tenon joints, and the roof is covered on the rafters with mat foil

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Cultural relics

Two scientific excavations in 1973 and 1977 unearthed nearly 7000 cultural relics, including production tools, daily necessities, decorative arts and crafts made of bone, pottery, jade, wood and other materials, as well as artifact of cultivated rice, dry column building components, animal and plant remains

. Among them, the dry column building with mortise and tenon in the site is one of the earliest mortise and tenon in ancient wooden buildings found in China

. In the second cultural layer of Hemudu site, the bony handle unearthed is 18 cm long and 9.8 cm wide. There are 16 circles of vines outside the wooden handle. The wooden paddle unearthed from Hemudu site is 27.8 cm long, 2 cm thick, 3.5 cm wide and 62 cm long. The tooth carving with Chaoyang pattern of two birds unearthed from Hemudu site is 16.6cm long, 6.3cm wide and 1.2cm thick.

Research value

The Hemudu site reflects the prosperity of the matriarchal clan in the primitive society of China. The excavation of Hemudu site provides precious physical evidence for the study of the eastern civilization such as agriculture, architecture, textile, art and so on. It is one of the most important archaeological discoveries since the founding of the people's Republic of China. The remains of cultivated rice and large area of wooden buildings, bones of wild animals and domestic animals, collected plant fruits and a small number of tombs found in Hemudu site provide precious material materials for studying the origin of agriculture, architecture, pottery making, textile, art and Oriental civilization in ancient China, as well as the evolution of ancient geography, climate and hydrology

. The Dehua stele of Nanzhao at Hemudu site is also of great reference value for the study of the official system of Nanzhao and the history of Yunnan Nationality in Tang Dynasty

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protective measures

On February 23, 1982, Hemudu site was announced as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

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In 1986, Zhejiang Provincial People's government started the orderly protection of Hemudu site and the construction of museum

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In 1988, Zhejiang Institute of urban and rural planning and design compiled the master plan of Hemudu Ruins Museum

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In May 1994, the Hemudu Site Museum officially opened. The Museum covers an area of 16000 square meters, with a construction area of 3200 square meters

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In 2011, Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of cultural relics approved the "request for instructions on the design of heightening and strengthening the Yaojiang River embankment in the construction control zone of Hemudu site" (zheshuifa No. 262). According to the relevant provisions of "Hemudu site protection plan" and the actual needs of Hemudu site protection, strictly control the scale and height of the embankment section of Hemudu site involved in the project, and adjust the appearance and line shape of the embankment in combination with the environmental characteristics of the site, so as to reduce visual interference and avoid interference to Hemudu site and its environmental features

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History and culture

Hemudu culture

The Neolithic culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China was first discovered at the Hemudu site in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province, so it was named Hemudu culture in 1976. Hemudu culture is mainly distributed in the Ningbo Shaoxing plain on the South Bank of Hangzhou Bay and reaches Zhoushan Island in the East. According to radiocarbon dating and correction, the age is about 6000 years ago. The discovery and establishment of Hemudu culture has expanded the field of Neolithic archaeological research in China, indicating that there is also a splendid and ancient Neolithic culture in the Yangtze River Basin

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Nanhao Dehua stele

Most of the officers and men captured in the battle of Tianbao (713-741) in the Tang Dynasty were recruited as the door-to-door sons-in-law of Bai people. Li Mi's granddaughter also married Duan zongnao, a general of Nanzhao state. Zheng Hui, the writer of the inscription on the Dehua stele of Nanzhao, was originally an order of Xilu county (Xichang County, Sichuan) in the Tang Dynasty. After being captured in the "Southern expedition", he was highly valued by the state of Nanzhao. Later, Zheng Hui was an official in Qingping (equivalent to the Prime Minister of the feudal dynasty in the Central Plains). Du Guangting, the censor of the Tang Dynasty, wrote the inscription on the Dehua stele of Nanzhao. Nanzhao unofficial history records, "Dehua stele, Tang Liu Yu Yu Yu Yu Shi Du Guangting Shu, Li Shi Taihe door."

The Dehua tablet of Nanzhao, with more than 5000 words of positive and negative inscriptions, records the political, military, diplomatic, agricultural, property and other situations of Nanzhao, as well as the relationship between Nanzhao and Tang Dynasty and Tubo. All of these provide very detailed and precious historical materials for the study of the local history of Yunnan and Tibet (known as Tubo in ancient times). Official positions and names of more than 100 people listed in the inscription

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Tourism information

geographical position

Hemudu site is located in the northeast of Hemudu village, Hemudu Town, Yuyao City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

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traffic

Yuyao City Nanlei South Road Guzha line 209 County Road Jinghe line Hemudu site.

Address: 210 County Road, Yuyao City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

Longitude: 121.35626839685

Latitude: 29.977650933632

Tel: 0574-62963731

Official website: http://www.hemudusite.com/

Tour time: 2 hours

Transportation information: Bus: 1. Take the minibus to Luojiang at Ningbo north bus station or Yuyao east bus station. 2. Take bus No.301 in the center of the city to Tianxia Yuyuan station, about 50 minutes, 2 yuan, turn 515 to Hemudu site, 2 yuan, walk along the path for about 300 meters, take a ferry to Hemudu site, the ferry fee is 6 yuan, after the visit, return to the original road.

Self driving: 1. Take Shanghai Hangzhou Ningbo Expressway: A. go out of Yuyao Road, turn right, pass Yuyao East Ring Road and s61 provincial road, and then go to Sanqi town to see the road signs → Hemudu Ruins Museum. B. Go out of Yuyao road or Dayin Road, take line S59 to Chepeng, cross Chepeng bridge → Hemudu Heritage Museum.

2. Take the Hangzhou Bay Bridge: A. to the entrance of Andong Road, take the Liangzhou line to Yuyao

Chinese PinYin : He Mu Du Yi Zhi