Huaping National Nature Reserve

Huaping National Nature Reserve, located in the southwest of Longsheng and at the junction of Lingui County, covers a total area of 15133.3 hectares. It is only 70 km (45 km) away from Guilin city. Its rich landscape of mountains, streams, waterfalls, forests and sea of clouds leads both in northern Guangxi and Guangxi. Huaping's landform is characterized by overlapping peaks, sharp ridges, steep valley slopes, luxuriant and complex vegetation. The mysterious and profound forest landscape here is composed of ancient trees, crisscross vines, mosses as thick as blankets, and countless exotic flowers and plants. On May 6, 1957, Cathaya argyrophylla, the "plant Panda", was first discovered in Huaping, causing a sensation in the world's plant community, and has been widely known ever since. Although it was later found in Jinxiu, Guangxi and some places in Sichuan, Guizhou and Hunan, Huaping has the largest number of Cathaya, the largest plants and the most advanced scientific research work in the world. Most of the Cathaya trees in Huaping grow on the dry and barren cliffs and narrow ridges like the back of a knife. With perseverance and perseverance, they can decipher the code of ancient life. Perhaps Huaping is particularly fond of life. Some rare and endangered plants, such as Fokienia hodginsii, Bole tree, horsetail tree, horseshoe tree ginseng, fragrant fruit tree, South China five needle pine, Tsuga longibracteata, silver magpie tree, have been protected and multiplied here. Huaping is also a real kingdom of flowers, blooming all year round. In spring, Primula, cherry blossom, camellia, Paulownia, peach blossom, honeysuckle and Rhododendron compete for fragrance; in summer, nantianzhu, baizhui, Lily and honeysuckle bloom in the second place; in autumn, wild chrysanthemum, Osmanthus fragrans, eight immortals and oleander show their own style; in winter, Chimonanthus praecox, wild loquat and Camellia oleifera are proud of the wind and frost. The "woody flower king" Rhododendron is the largest plant family in the reserve, with more than ten species. Some of the rare species have not been recorded in the flora of the world. They are unique to Huaping, so they have to be named after the botanist who discovered them. During the warm spring season, the purple short vein Rhododendron blooms first, and then the red series, yellow series and white series of rhododendrons are always in full bloom, burning like a flame, illuminating the undulating mountains and valleys. The fragrance of the flowers is everywhere. The situation, like a colorful symphony, plays the main melody of Huaping spring and summer. There are abundant animal resources in Huaping nature reserve. There are endangered and rare animals South China tiger and clouded leopard under the first level national protection, and rare animals Macaca mulatta, Macaca mulatta, musk deer of shuita forest, water deer, black bear, Sumen antelope, white necked Pheasant under the second level national protection. All kinds of animals fight and blend with each other, maintaining the ecological balance in the struggle for survival. Their struggle for survival is cruel and interesting. The cunning monkey plucks chestnuts like a steel needle, so shrewd becomes helpless; the stout black bear is embarrassed when he is attacked by a little bee when he steals honey, which makes him more naive; however, the frogs' revenge on the evil snake often succeeds in silence Due to the heavy rainfall, the sea of clouds billows all the year round. Its colorful and changeable scenery is also a wonderful scenery in the nature reserve. Huaping is also a famous hometown of waterfalls in southern China. There are hundreds of waterfalls, including hongtan, Xiaotan, Hongmao River, Pingshui River, Bijia River and Shuiyan. Some of them flutter and pour, the sound of the water is like thunder; some of them seem to take the road and jump out of the rock, and the wave column rushes to the sky; some of them are like bead curtains, which are as elegant as silver, forming a rich and spectacular dynamic waterscape. Huaping nature reserve is the closest primeval forest to the modern city in China. It is divided into four scenic spots: hongmaohe, Houjiang, hongtan and Guangfu. Huaping tourism is the best combination of sightseeing, summer resort, scientific research, popular science teaching, exploring and climbing

Huaping National Nature Reserve

Huaping National Nature Reserve: located at the junction of Longsheng and Lingui counties in Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, around weiqingling, the main peak of Tianping mountain, 80 kilometers away, formerly known as Guangfu forest region in Guilin. In 1978, it was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council, and it is also the earliest Nature Reserve in China, with a total area of 15133.33 hectares. The main protected objects are the rare and relict tree species Cathaya argyrophylla, other rare and endangered wild animal and plant resources and the typical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem, which belongs to the nature reserve of forest ecosystem type.

Cathaya argyrophylla, discovered and collected by Professor Zhong Jixin, deputy director of Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, at the foot of Hongyan mountain in Huaping on May 16, 1955, was identified and named by famous Chinese taxonomists Chen Huanyong and Kuang Keren. Because of the discovery of Cathaya, Huaping National Nature Reserve is known as "Huaping of China, Cathaya of the world."

In October 2018, it was rated as the national research and practice education base for primary and secondary school students.

Historical evolution

On May 16, 1954, Zhong Jixin, deputy director of Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, discovered Cathaya argyrophylla at the foot of Hongyan mountain in Huaping. Later, it was identified and named by famous Chinese taxonomists Chen Huanyong and Kuang Keren.

On October 18, 1961, according to the proposal of Guangxi Institute of Botany, the science and Technology Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region established "Guangxi Huaping forest management office".

On March 1, 1978, Huaping was listed as a national key nature reserve by the State Council. It is also the first batch of nature reserves in China and the earliest established in Guangxi.

In November 1991, it was approved to be included in China biosphere protection network.

In October 2018, it was rated as the national research and practice education base for primary and secondary school students.

geographical environment

position

Huaping National Nature Reserve of Guangxi is located around the main peak of Tianping mountain, the South Branch of Yuechengling mountain in the west of Wuling mountains.

It is located at the junction of Lingui county and Longsheng Autonomous County in the northwest of Guilin city. It is 109 ° 48 ′ 54 ″ - 109 ° 58 ′ 20 ″ east longitude and 25 ° 31 ′ 10 ″ - 25 ° 39 ′ 36 ″ north latitude.

geology

Huaping National Nature Reserve has complex geological structure and belongs to the southern edge of Jiangnan ancient land. It formed land earlier and has ancient rock strata. The strata exposed in large area in the area are mainly Cambrian, and a small area of Proterozoic Sinian strata is occasionally exposed in the western margin and northeast corner, but the exposed area is small. There are mainly two types of geological structures: fold structure and fault structure.

landforms

Huaping National Nature Reserve is a part of the South extension of Yuechengling mountain, which is a branch of Nanling Mountain. Its terrain is higher in the middle and gradually decreases to the surrounding areas, and slightly higher in the South than in the north. The water erosion and cutting effect is strong, forming higher peaks and deep valleys, most of which are between 1000 and 1500 meters above sea level. There are 24 peaks above 1500 meters above sea level, and the highest peak, guangfuding, is 1803 meters above sea level. The mountain is huge and steep, with continuous peaks and hills, developed faults, crisscross valleys, steep valleys and fjords, rugged terrain and wide range of heights. The unique geological landform forms the diversity of species and forest ecosystem in the reserve.

climate

Huaping National Nature Reserve has a mid subtropical monsoon climate. The sunshine is short and foggy. There are six months of frost and five months of snow. The wind direction is changeable. In summer, there are southeast wind and south wind, and in autumn, there are north wind and northeast wind.

① Temperature. The annual average temperature of the reserve is about 13-14 ℃, which is about 3-4 ℃ lower than that of Longsheng County and Lingui county. The extreme maximum temperature is 36.5 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 7.5 ℃. The annual average temperature is 16-17 ℃ for 500-700 meters above sea level, 13.3-14.4 ℃ for 1000-1200 meters above sea level and 10.1-11.2 ℃ for 1600-1800 meters above sea level. The climate of the reserve changes with the terrain, slope aspect, underlying surface properties, seasonal changes and forest temperature regulation.

② Precipitation. The reserve has abundant rainfall, many rainy days and heavy rainfall intensity. The normal annual rainfall in the forest area is no less than 2000 mm, which is about 0.6 times higher than the average annual rainfall (1510.1 mm) of 90 counties (cities) in Guangxi. There are horizontal and vertical variations in precipitation.

hydrology

The Nature Reserve belongs to Liujiang River system and is the source of the water system, mainly including xiaojiangkou River, coarse River, pingye River, etc. all rivers flow northward, with high gradient, low sediment content and abundant water.

soil

From top to bottom, the soil in the nature reserve can be divided into mountain red soil, mountain yellow soil and mountain yellow brown soil, and the vertical zone is obvious.

Scope of protection

Huaping National Nature Reserve covers a total area of 15133.33 hectares (227000 mu), with the west boundary of 1200m contour line on the west slope of guqingling mountain, the east boundary of pingye River Valley and Sanhe River, the north boundary of laomaoyapo and the mountains near yunachong, and the south boundary of xiaojiangkou and Daping river. Among them, the area within Longsheng County is 5266.77 hectares (79000 mu), and the area within Lingui county is 9866.66 hectares. The core area is 4891.30 hectares, the buffer area is 3668.10 hectares, and the experimental area is 6573.90 hectares. The forest coverage rate reached 98.22%. The area under the jurisdiction of the reserve involves two counties, namely Lingui and Longsheng counties, and three townships (towns), namely Huangsha, Wantian Township and Sanmen town. There is Yuhai village in the reserve

Chinese PinYin : Hua Ping Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu