Shen MINGTING

Shen MINGTING

Shenming Pavilion is a pavilion built in Ming and Qing Dynasties to post the articles on the list and to declare enlightenment. In February 1372, the fifth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, it was ordered that the Shenming Pavilion be set up in all the prefectures, counties and villages inside and outside the country. Those who have committed crimes in the territory should write down their mistakes and list them on the pavilion, which makes people know that they are afraid and dare not do evil. In the 15th year of Hongwu's reign, shenmingting was reformed in terms of its disadvantages in practice. It was stipulated that except for the ten evils, traitors and thieves, deceitful and false people, those who violated the name and righteousness, those who broke the morals, and those who committed crimes, shenmingting would no longer be announced in order to "open up a new way for the good people.". The laws of Ming and Qing Dynasties strictly protected Shenming Pavilion. "Ming Law, criminal law, miscellaneous criminal chapter" stipulates: "anyone who demolishes the house of Shenming Pavilion and destroys the board list will have a staff of one hundred and three thousand li." The same is true of Qing Dynasty.

summary

In 1372, Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, established a place for reading law, understanding reason, promoting good and restraining evil, dissecting small disputes, and assisting in the administration of punishment. When Shenming Pavilion is set up, there will also be Jingshan Pavilion, on which good people and evil people will be written to show punishment and advice. In urban and rural areas, there are two pavilions. Most of the county governments with maps also indicate the location of the two pavilions. Every year, a person with high virtue is selected to be in charge of his affairs. He is called the old man and the leader of the neighborhood helps him. At the beginning, the old people were hereditary and did not take turns. The duty of the old man is similar to that of the three old officials in the Qin and Han Dynasties. He read and explained Dagao, Daming law and Jiaomin list to Lizhong bianhu regularly, which made them know the law, fear the law and dare not break the law. At the same time, it may also preach six things in the holy edict, such as "filial piety to parents, respect for elders, harmony with the countryside, teaching children how to live in peace, and do nothing wrong". He also talked about Xuanyu. In the Ming Dynasty, shuodenwen library asked for an order to pass on Xuanyu every month to teach the people what they should do in each month, which was sent out by shuntianfu to reach the world. For example, in June, the people should pay the summer tax. The Xuanyu reminds people to "keep their duties and accept food as their duty". In addition to taking charge of the education, the old man also dissected the disputes between the people and households in Li. According to the "Jiaomin Bang" of the lighting Taizu system, "all the trivial matters of civil households' marriage, farmland and soil fighting are not allowed to sue the officials at any time, but must be dealt with by the old man in charge of Lijia.". Those who do not pass through Li Lao's reasoning do not ask whether it is true or false. They first break 60 of the accuser's staff, and still send it back to Li Lao for reasoning. Because the old man's task is to educate, to settle disputes, to preach the emperor's imperial edict or edict, so the local officials, the people in the square, are honored as "the censor of the square towel".

To put it simply: in the early Ming Dynasty, "shenmingting" was set up in various townships. The villagers elected the elderly directly under the government and reported them to the government for the record. The elderly presided over minor civil disputes and mediated them in shenmingting. If mediation fails to settle the dispute, a lawsuit shall be filed with the government. It is a kind of folk mediation system in ancient China.

However, this kind of power was quickly grasped by the landlord class and became a tool for the landlord class to control the power of villages and towns.

The system of shenmingting

Shenming pavilion has been used for a long time, but there are many disadvantages gradually, such as the local officials neglect their duties, the pavilion does not repair, the good and evil do not write, stripping the old people as cheap service; the old people do not respect themselves, use their power for personal gain, even greedy for wine and food bribes, justice is not clear, honest and evil can not be distinguished, arrogant Zhang Weifu, confuse right and wrong, the pavilion and the office are defeated. Later, although there were loyal magistrates, such as Hai Rui, the magistrate of Chun'an County, and ye Chunji, the magistrate of Hui'an County, at the time of Wanli in the reign of Jiajing, who had told the old people to rebuild the two pavilions, there was no remedy.

Address: Likeng village, Wuyuan County

Longitude: 117.927143

Latitude: 29.329213

Chinese PinYin : Shen Ming Ting