Flower and bird Lighthouse

Flower and bird Lighthouse

Flower and bird lighthouse is a super large lighthouse located in Shengsi County, Zhejiang Province, the northernmost tip of Zhoushan Archipelago, and on the route from the Yangtze River Estuary to the Pacific Ocean. Because of its important geographical location, huge scale, complete functions, long history and international influence, it is known as "the first lighthouse in the Far East". In 2001, the flower and bird lighthouse was announced by the State Council of the people's Republic of China as one of the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

survey

The flower and bird lighthouse, covering an area of about 22000 square meters, was built in 1870 (the ninth year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty). It was one of the first lighthouses to be built in the lighthouse plan of the maritime affairs department of the Chinese customs at that time. The lighthouse is cylindrical, with a height of 16.5 meters. It is made of bricks, stones and iron plates. The layout of related buildings around the lighthouse is complete and the facilities are complete. The lighthouse is one of the three lighthouses to protect the Yangtze River Estuary. It is located at the intersection of China's coastal north-south route and the Yangtze River Estuary. It is an important gateway for Chinese and foreign ships to enter Shanghai, Ningbo, Zhoushan and other ports. It is also an indispensable symbol of the ocean international routes from Shanghai to Japan and through the Pacific Ocean. On June 25, 2001, as a 1870 building, the flower and bird lighthouse was approved by the State Council to be listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

Huaniao lighthouse, also known as huaniao mountain lighthouse, is located in the northwest corner of huaniao Island (huaniao mountain). Its geographical location is 30 degrees 51 minutes north latitude and 122 degrees 40 minutes east longitude. Huaniao island is located outside the Yangtze River Estuary, the northernmost tip of Zhoushan archipelago in the East China Sea, and the east of Shengsi archipelago. It belongs to Shengsi County, Zhejiang Province. It is named for its many chrysanthemums and Narcissus flowers, and its shape is bird like.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Shanghai, Ningbo and Yangtze River ports opened one after another, and their routes to Japan and the Pacific Ocean became increasingly busy. Huaniao island is a must for these routes, and there are many islands and reefs nearby. At that time, huaniao island lighthouse was one of the first lighthouses planned by the maritime affairs department of the Qing customs. In the end, the flower and bird lighthouse was built in 1870 with British investment and labor from Shanghai. Since then, the lighthouse has also been managed by Britain, and it was rebuilt in 1916. In 1943, after the outbreak of the Pacific War, Japan occupied the lighthouse. The Nationalist government sent planes to bomb it, but the damage was very slight. In 1950, the lighthouse was taken over by the Chinese people's Liberation Army and is now under the management of Ningbo navigation mark office.

architectural art

The body of flower and bird lighthouse is cylindrical, 16.5 meters high, the lower part is white, concrete masonry structure, the upper part is black, and the material is mainly iron plate. The lighthouse has four floors. The top of the tower is a copper dome with wind deflectors. The top layer uses huge glass as the wall and is equipped with a light source. On the next floor, there is an external Gallery, which can be viewed from afar. Around the lighthouse, there are radio tower, power house, machine room, warehouse, dormitory, wharf and other ancillary facilities, covering an area of about 22000 square meters. The building and decoration are European style.

Lighthouse navigation is very complete, including light wave, radio wave and sound wave, which can provide different navigation means for ships at different distances. The spotlight is installed in the center of the top layer of the lighthouse. It uses a 2kW halogen lamp, surrounded by four lenses and a rotating unit. It rotates once a minute to make the spotlight emit four rays at the same time, with a range of 24 nautical miles. There are two radio towers around the lighthouse. The radio remote navigation mode can call the ship once every 15 minutes to report the longitude and latitude of the ship. In foggy days, the lighthouse also provides close range acoustic navigation. It honks twice every 80 seconds, with a sound length of 1.5 seconds and a sound transmission range of less than 4 nautical miles. It is the farthest aerosol horn in China, commonly known as "old cattle".

Flower and bird lighthouse is located at the intersection of China's coastal routes and the Yangtze River routes. It is adjacent to the high seas in the East. It is an indispensable navigation facility for Shanghai port, Yangshan Port, Ningbo port, Zhoushan port and other ports to Japan, South Korea and other ocean international routes. It has a very important position.

characteristic

Huaniao mountain, also known as huaniao Island, is located in the north end of Zhoushan Archipelago and the east of Shengsi archipelago. It is adjacent to the high seas in the East, with a land area of 3 square kilometers. The shape of the island is like flying birds flying eastward. There are many wild chrysanthemums and Narcissus on the island, so it is named huaniao island. The flower and bird lighthouse is built on yushanzui in the northwest of flower and bird island. The lower part is of concrete masonry structure, the upper part is of iron plate, and the dome is made of copper. The tower is equipped with cylindrical first-class mirror machine bull's-eye lens, each lens is assembled with 8 circles of trirhombic crystal glass, with a diameter of 1.84 meters. Huaniaoshan lighthouse is an important symbol to protect the Yangtze River Estuary. It is an important gateway for Chinese and foreign ships to enter Shanghai, Zhoushan, Ningbo and other ports. It is also an indispensable lighthouse for Shanghai to South Korea, Japan and the Pacific Ocean international routes. It is of great historical and scientific value.

Flower and bird lighthouse has experienced many times of war, but it is still intact and plays an irreplaceable role. Because of the particularity of the flower and bird lighthouse itself, there are many stories and legends about the flower and bird lighthouse, which may be another reason why many tourists come here specially. However, in addition to the famous lighthouse, the exotic flowers and plants and grotesque caves on huaniao island are also dazzling and unforgettable. In particular, huaniao island is close to the high seas, the sea sky scenery is peculiar, and the folk customs of the fishing village are simple. For people who have lived in the city for a long time, it has a unique charm.

Memorabilia

Lamp change record

1. When it was first built in 1870, the lamp was a "rotating mirror machine, rotating one circle every minute, with a four core lamp cap, burning vegetable oil, with a candle force of 38000 sticks".

2. In 1899, the lamp was changed to kerosene, and "Twelve gallon pressure oil lamp with six core lamp cap was installed, and the candle power was increased to 45000 sticks".

3. In 1916, "the first-class mirror machine was rebuilt, rotating on the mercury floating tank, and equipped with a coal vapor lamp cap, equipped with 55 mm incandescent gauze cover, flashing once every 15 seconds, and the candle power increased to 500000 sticks.".

4. In 1928, a "110 mm spontaneous combustion type" gauze cover was used, and the candle power was increased to 740000 sticks.

5. In 1980, the light source of the lighthouse was renewed to 3000 Watt long arc xenon lamp.

6. In 1996, 2000 W metal halide lamp was used as light source.

Fog signal change record

1. In 1910, a submarine electric fog clock was set up as an experiment. "Put the clock on the bottom of the sea beside the island, and use the submarine wire to make it sound.". After several years of trial, it was removed in 1913 because of its poor practical effect.

2. In 1923, the lighthouse was equipped with a first-class diaphone bass fog flute, with a listening range of 5-10 nautical miles.

3. In the early 1960s, the lighthouse was equipped with a high pitch fog flute (nautophone), with a listening range of 2-5 nautical miles.

4. In November 1990, cefa-1000 electric fog signal was installed and used. It sounded five times every 60 seconds in foggy days.

Repair and protection

1. The lighthouse was set up in 1870 and built in 1916.

2. In 1929, the construction of radio beacon (radio beacon) began. The equipment was imported from Britain. It was officially built and put into use in 1930. The signal was coded "XNS", and the receiving distance was 100 nautical miles. This was the most advanced radio navigation equipment in the world at that time, and also the first radio beacon along the coast of China.

3. In October 1983, the dormitory, machine room, warehouse, wharf, retaining wall and other buildings were repaired, and new kitchens were built.

4. In August 1988, a homing aircraft was repaired and installed, and the old and new homing aircraft were assembled; the radio beacon of Huaniaoshan was restored to work from September 25; the electric gyrator was installed in December;

5. In December 1989, the lighthouse oil transportation project was completed, ending the history of manual oil picking.

6. In November 1990, a delegation from Japan navigation mark Association visited the tower;

7. In 1993, two 22 meter high iron towers were newly installed.

8. In August 1997, the lighthouse was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Zhejiang Province; in October of the same year, it was listed as a world historical and cultural relic Lighthouse by the International Association of navigation marks (IALA).

9. In February 1999, Huaniaoshan radio beacon was shut down for maintenance according to the instructions of the superior.

Address: northwest end of huaniao Island, Shengsi County, Zhoushan City

Longitude: 122.677433

Latitude: 30.858462

Ticket information: no ticket required.

Chinese PinYin : Hua Niao Deng Ta