Old Town of Lijiang

The ancient city of Lijiang began to take shape in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a history of 800-900 years. Since the Ming Dynasty, the ancient city of Lijiang has been called "dayanxiang", because it is located in the center of Lijiang dam, surrounded by green hills, green water Lingering between green fields, and looks like a big Jasper inkstone.

Old Town of Lijiang

Lijiang ancient city is located in the ancient city district of Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, also known as Dayan town. It is located in the middle of Lijiang dam. It was built in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty (late 13th century AD). It is located in Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, covering an area of 7.279 square kilometers.

The streets in Lijiang ancient city are built near mountains and rivers, paved with red breccia, including Sifang street, Mufu, wufenglou, Heilongtan, Wenchang palace, wangpizhen memorial hall, Xueshan academy, Wangjiazhuang Christian Church, Fang Guoyu's former residence, baimalontan temple, gupeter's former residence, Jinglian temple and Puxian temple

And other attractions.

Lijiang is one of the second batch of approved famous historical and cultural cities in China. It is one of the two successful ancient cities in applying for world cultural heritage with the whole ancient city.

Lijiang ancient city has colorful local customs and entertainment activities, such as Naxi ancient music, Dongba ceremony, divination culture, ancient town bar and Naxi Torch Festival. Lijiang ancient city embodies the achievements of urban construction in ancient China, and is one of the types with distinctive characteristics and styles in Chinese dwellings.

From January 1, 2019, according to the notice on reducing the charge standard of Lijiang ancient city maintenance fee issued by Yunnan Provincial Development and Reform Commission and Yunnan Provincial Department of finance, the charge standard of Lijiang ancient city maintenance fee for tourists is adjusted from 80 yuan per person per time to 50 yuan per person per time, and the collection object, scope, method and exemption scope remain unchanged.

From the day when the scenic spot is restored to business until December 31, 2020, medical workers from all over the country can take a rest and vacation in Lijiang ancient city with their own medical license, nurse qualification certificate and ID card, and then they can stay in the hostel participating in the activity of "staying warm and going against the traveler" for free.

Historical evolution

Lijiang ancient city was built at the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty (late 13th century). The ancestors of Lijiang Mu family moved the ruling center from Baisha ancient town to Shizishan, and began to build a housing city, called "dayechang"

.

It is said that the origin of the name of the ancient city is due to the fact that the hereditary ruler of Lijiang has the surname of mu, and the construction of the city is bound to become the word "trapped" by adding a frame to the character "Mu".

The Naxi name of Lijiang ancient city is "Gong Benzhi". Gong Benzhi is Cang Li, and "Zhi" is market. Lijiang ancient city used to be the distribution center of Cang Li.

In the first year of Baoyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1253), the Mongolian army marched to the south, and the ancestor of Mu family, a zong'a Liang, came down. A zong'a Liang was attached to Kublai Khan and stationed here.

In 1276, chahanzhang was changed to Lijiang road military and civilian office.

In 1277, the Sanba government was changed to tonganzhou, which is located in Dayan ancient city. In the same year, Lijiang road was changed to connect to Anzhou.

In the 15th year of Hongwu (1382) of Ming Dynasty, Ajia ade, the magistrate of Tongan Prefecture, went back to Ming Dynasty and set up Lijiang military and civilian government. Ajia ade was given the surname "Mu" by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and was granted the hereditary magistrate.

In 1383, mude built "Lijiang military and civilian government office" at the foot of lion mountain. Xu Xiake, a geographer of the Ming Dynasty who had traveled all over Yunnan, described in his diaries on a trip to Yunnan that at that time Lijiang City was "a community of civilian houses and a row of tile roofed houses". At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were more than 1000 residents in the ancient City, and the construction of the town had a large scale.

In the second year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty (1724), the first Lijiang Liuguan Zhifu Yang Luo took office. He built a new Liuguan Zhifu yamen, a barracks, a professor's office and a discipline office under the Jinhong mountain in the northeast of the ancient city, and built a city wall around these official buildings.

On December 26, 2002, the State Council officially approved the establishment of Lijiang as a city, and the administrative region of the ancient city of Lijiang was assigned to the ancient city of Lijiang.

From June 24 to July 6, 2012, at the 36th World Heritage conference held in St. Petersburg, Russia, the UNESCO World Heritage Committee adopted the proposal of adjusting the micro boundary and buffer zone of Lijiang ancient city, adjusting the area of Lijiang ancient city from 3.8 square kilometers to 7.279 square kilometers.

geographical environment

Location context

Lijiang ancient city is located in the ancient city district of Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. It is located in the middle of Lijiang dam and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. Its center is located at 26 ° 52 ′ 50.43 ″ N and 100 ° 13 ′ 27.70 ″ e, covering an area of 7.279 square kilometers.

Climatic characteristics

The climate of Lijiang ancient city is affected by the South Asian plateau wind. The vertical distribution of the climate is obvious, the dry and wet seasons are distinct, and the temperature changes little. Although it is located on the plateau and sees snow mountains all the year round, it has abundant rainfall and distinct dry and wet seasons, belonging to southwest monsoon climate.

Lijiang ancient city is located in Lijiang dam, where the annual sunshine hours are 2530 hours and the light energy is sufficient. The annual solar radiation per square centimeter is 146.5 kcal, which is the highest value area in Yunnan Province.

terrain

Lijiang ancient city is located in the middle of Lijiang Bazi, on a plateau platform under Yulong Snow Mountain, with an altitude of 2416 meters. Lijiang ancient city is adjacent to Xiangshan Mountain and Jinhong mountain in the north and Shizishan mountain in the West.

hydrology

Yuquan springs from Heilongtan. It flows out from the foot of Xiangshan Mountain, flows from the northwest of the ancient city to the foot of Yulong bridge, and is divided into three tributaries: Xihe River, Zhonghe River and Donghe river. Then it flows through the streets and alleys through many times.

architectural composition

As a minority city, Old Town of Lijiang has a unique style of Naxi nationality from the overall layout of city to the essence of Han, Bai, Yi and Tibetan Nationalities.

Lijiang ancient city is not affected by the Central Plains Construction of fangjiuli, pangsanmen, Zhongguo Jiujing Jiuwei and Jingtu Jiuji. There is no regular road network and strict city wall in the city. In the layout of the ancient city, three mountains are used as screens and one river is connected with each other. The water system uses three rivers to pass through the city and run through every family. The layout of streets and meridians has the style of meandering, secluded, narrow and reaching. The pattern of Lijiang ancient city is formed spontaneously, with the northwest facing Southeast.

Lijiang ancient city, with water as the core, presents a unique spatial layout of water lanes due to the flexible use of water. Dense bridges are the biggest feature of Lijiang ancient city. In terms of external modeling and structure, the ancient city folk houses have combined the skills of Central Plains architecture, Tibetan and Bai architecture, formed the architectural techniques of upward dividing earth and stone walls, stacked roof, small green tiles and wooden frame, and formed a unique style in the form of architectural layout and architectural art techniques. Most of the dwellings are civil structures, and the more common forms are as follows: three squares and one screen wall, four in five patio, front and back courtyard, one entrance and two courtyards, etc.

Main attractions

overview

The streets in the ancient city of Lijiang are built by mountains and rivers, paved with red breccia. There are scenic spots such as Sifang street, Mufu, wufenglou, Lijiang ancient city waterwheel, Baisha residential complex, Shuhe residential complex, etc.

Cultural relics

Mufu

Mufu was originally the official office of the hereditary chieftain Mu family in Lijiang, located at the eastern foot of the ancient city Shizi. It was built in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 A.D.), and was rebuilt as the ancient city museum in 1998. Mufu covers an area of 46 mu. There are 162 rooms with a central axis of 369 meters. Sanqing hall, Yuyin building, Guangbi building, Dharma protection hall, wanjuan building, conference hall and Zhongyi square are well arranged from west to East. There are eleven plaques bestowed by emperors, which reflect the rise and fall of the Mu family. The TV series "Mufu Fengyun", which tells the story of Lijiang's Tusi Fengyun, was shot here.

 

Eternal house

There is a mountain in the southwest corner of Dayan ancient city in Lijiang. It looks like an evil lying lion guarding the ancient city. It is called Shizishan. In 1998, it was opened as a park.

The five-star classical all wood structure Wangjing building built on the top of the mountain is called "eternal building". The building is 32.8 meters high, with 16 24 meter long wooden columns, one of which leads to the top. There are 12600 Naxi style taps, the largest in the world.

Lijiang Dongba Cultural Museum

Lijiang Dongba Cultural Museum (formerly known as "Lijiang Dongba cultural museum"), located at the north end of Heilongtan, was founded in July 1984, when it was the first county-level Museum in Yunnan Province. Covering an area of 30 mu, there are more than 10000 precious cultural relics, including 52 national cultural relics. There are cultural museum, rare products Museum, Dongba culture and ethnic photography exhibition hall.

Wufeng building

Wufenglou is located in Fuguo temple in the city. It was built in the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1601 A.D.), with a height of 20 meters. Because its architectural form is similar to five flying colorful phoenixes, it is named wufenglou. The ceiling of the building is painted with a variety of exquisite patterns.

Wufenglou is a treasure and typical example of ancient Chinese architecture, which combines the architectural styles of Han, Tibetan, Naxi and other nationalities.

 

Fang Guoyu's former residence

Chinese PinYin : Li Jiang Gu Cheng