Jidu Temple

Jidu temple is located in miaojie village, the East source of Jishui, 2km north of the city. In ancient times, Jishui, together with the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Huaihe River, was called "Si Du" because it flowed into the sea alone. In the second year of kaihuang (582 AD), the court built a temple for offering sacrifices to the God of blasphemy, also known as Qingyuan temple. In song and Yuan Dynasties, the temple was expanded to 400 mu in 1460 A.D., covering an area of more than 330000 square meters. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the sacrifice was not broken, and the appearance of the temple was not bad.

Jidu Temple

Jidu temple, fully known as Jidu Beihai temple, is located in miaojie village, 2km northwest of Jiyuan City, at the East source of Jishui. It is the only historical and cultural heritage with the most complete preservation and the largest scale in gusidu. It is a key cultural relic protection unit of the state and the largest existing ancient architectural community in Henan Province. It is known as the "Museum" of ancient architecture in Central Plains.

The origin of history

In ancient times, Jishui, together with the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Huaihe River, was called "Si Du" because it flowed into the sea alone. In the ancient society dominated by agriculture, the production was very low and the science was very underdeveloped. People could not explain some natural phenomena. They thought up some gods of mountains and rivers at will. The temple was prosperous and the rain was distributed, which was related to the grain harvest.

Therefore, offering sacrifices to gods is the ceremony of the emperor in the past dynasties, with complicated procedures and many rituals. Since the Han Dynasty, the imperial court sent important officials to offer sacrifices regularly every year, which gradually became a custom etiquette.

In the second year of kaihuang (582 AD), the imperial court built a temple for Ji blasphemy, one of the four blasphemes. Ji Shui was originally called the God of Beidu Daji. In 744 ad, Jin Dynasty was granted the title of Qingyuan Gong, so it is also called Qingyuan temple. In 796, Beihai temple was built after Jidu temple. In 1125, jiblao was appointed as king of Qingyuan, and Beihai God was appointed as king of beiguangze.

Tang and Song Dynasties

In song and Yuan Dynasties, the temple was expanded to more than 400 rooms in 1460 A.D., covering an area of more than 330000 square meters.

Since the Sui Dynasty, emperors sent envoys to hold grand ceremonies. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, all the important events of the state, such as war, regime change, praying for rain, and even the death of the royal family members, had to be reported to Jishui God and Beihai God. Folk sacrificial activities were more frequent and contributed to the sacrificial activities. Until the Qing Dynasty, the sacrificial activities continued, and the appearance of the temple did not decline.

Therefore, the rise and fall of Jidu temple is also the epitome of the history of water god worship in ancient China. Jishui also played an indispensable role in the formation and development of ancient Chinese civilization. The source of Jishui nourishes the capital city of Xia Dynasty, the first slavery Dynasty in China. The unique flow of Jishui, which runs through the Yellow River and is as clear as the sea, crystallizes the noble nature of the Chinese nation, which is pure and unyielding. The songs of scholars and officials in the past dynasties have also become an immortal flower in the treasure house of Chinese literature.

look south

Jidu temple is located in the north and faces south. Its overall layout is in the shape of "a", with a total area of 86255 square meters. There are 72 existing ancient buildings, covering an area of more than 100000 square meters. It is one of the largest existing ancient buildings in Henan Province. The existing buildings include Qingyuan cave gate (Mountain Gate), Qingyuan gate, Yuande gate, bedroom and Linyuan gate, Longting, Lingyuan Pavilion, etc. on the central axis; Yuxiang hall, Jieguan building, Yuhuang hall, Changsheng Pavilion, etc. on both sides.

The gate of Qingyuan cave is a wooden archway with three four pillars, which is the most valuable ancient building in Henan Province. The main building is arranged on three vertical axes, with Jidu temple in the front, Beihai temple in the back, Yuxiang courtyard in the East and Tianqing palace in the West. It is an ancient sacrificial resort, a typical northern classical garden, and one of the scenic spots in Jiyuan.

classical garden

Built in the sixth year of Kaibao of Song Dynasty (973 A.D.), the palace has five rooms in width and three rooms in depth. It has a single eaves and is built on a hill. The roof slope is gentle, the Dougong is huge and sparse, and the eaves column is thick and short. It is the oldest existing wooden structure building in Henan Province. Jidu pool (also known as xiaobeihai and Longchi) and Zhenzhu spring in the north of linyuanmen are the East sources of Jishui. The spring water is clear and gold gushes everywhere. The pavilions around the pool are exquisite and antique, which are precious classical garden buildings in the north. The ancient cypresses in the temple are towering and luxuriant.

At present, there are 36 ancient buildings in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and one classical garden in the north, namely "xiaobeihai" (one of the nine ancient sceneries in Jiyuan). Among them, the gate of Qingyuan cave is the most valuable wooden structure archway in Henan Province, the bedroom is the oldest existing wooden structure building in Henan Province, and the stone railing is the only and most complete stone railing of Song Dynasty preserved in China.

Well preserved

The existing ancient buildings in the temple are well preserved. It is one of the important protected ancient buildings in China that Chairman Mao Zedong personally circled with "double circles" before liberation. Since 1964, Jidu palace and Qingyuan cave gate have been repaired. In November 1986, it was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province. In 1996, it was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

historical value

The existing ancient wooden buildings in Jidu Temple began in the Northern Song Dynasty and lasted for thousands of years from the Yuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. It is a concrete Museum of Chinese ancient architecture. Henan Province is the earliest one here. Jidu palace, the largest single wooden structure building in the Northern Song Dynasty, also has the "Gong" shaped hall and corridor, which are rare in the world. It not only embodies the grand atmosphere of the northern architecture, but also contains the subtle ingenuity of the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River.

The imperial edict tablet of the Ming Dynasty was carved in 1370 A.D., 5.5 meters high. It is 1.7 meters wide. The inscription on the stele is an imperial edict issued by Zhu Yuanzhang, emperor of the Ming Dynasty, in order to unify the names of famous mountains and rivers, local city gods and loyal ministers and martyrs of the past dynasties. It is neat and powerful. This stele provides important information for the study of the political, economic, cultural and ceremonial systems in the early Ming Dynasty.

Introduction to scenic spots

Built in the sixth year of Kaibao of Song Dynasty (973 A.D.), the palace has five rooms in width and three rooms in depth. It has a single eaves and is built on a hill. The roof slope is gentle, the Dougong is huge and sparse, and the eaves column is thick and short. It is the oldest existing wooden structure building in Henan Province. Jidu pool (also known as xiaobeihai and Longchi) and Zhenzhu spring in the north of linyuanmen are the East sources of Jishui. The spring water is clear and gold gushes everywhere. The pavilions around the pool are exquisite and antique, which are precious classical garden buildings in the north. The ancient cypresses in the temple are towering and luxuriant. At present, there are 36 ancient buildings in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and one classical garden in the north, namely "xiaobeihai" (one of the nine ancient sceneries in Jiyuan). Among them, the gate of Qingyuan cave is the most valuable wooden structure archway in Henan Province, the bedroom is the oldest existing wooden structure building in Henan Province, and the stone railing is the only and most complete stone railing of Song Dynasty preserved in China. The existing ancient buildings in the temple are well preserved. On the eve of liberation, Chairman Mao Zedong personally used "double circle" to circle one of the important protected ancient buildings in China.

From the northwest of Jiyuan City, you can walk four or five miles to the south end of the ancient building complex, which covers an area of more than 400 mu. The gate of "Qingyuan cave" in Jidu temple stands facing us. The unique style of the ancient building is made of pure wood, with cornices and peach corners. The heavy roof is only supported by four wooden columns standing side by side. From a distance, it seems to be crumbling. In fact, it is still and stable as a rock. It was founded in the early Song Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty. After hundreds of years of wind invasion and rain erosion, it is still intact.

Enter the gate of Qingyuan cave, follow the broad corridor on the central axis of the temple, and then walk two or three hundred meters to the north, which is the palace hall of King Jidu Qingyuan. This ancient building, with red walls and blue tiles, glass ridged beasts, carved beams and painted buildings, and magnificent weather, was originally built in the Kaibao period of the Northern Song Dynasty. It has five rooms in width, four in depth, and a gentle roof slope. In Zhongzhou wood structure, Dougong has the longest history and the best preservation.

Next to the palace there is a "tablet of ancient Han cypresses". There is a poem with seven rhythms inscribed on the stele: "when the old tree is shady and yellow, it is still fragrant with purple mud. Its material is not only high, but also relies on the langmiao temple. When it is old, it has to be a pillar. The ground is full of wind and frost, the sky is awe inspiring, and the clouds are more and more solemn. When the moon comes at night and the branches move, it is suspected that it is the light of the general's sword." From the poetic point of view, "the ancient Han cypress" is now the majestic "general cypress". It is said that Yuchi Jingde, a famous general in the early Tang Dynasty, once hung his own steel whip on the branch when he was ordered to guard the temple. In order to remember his achievements, the emperor of the later Han Dynasty in the Five Dynasties named this tree "general cypress". Up to now, this old tree, which has experienced more than one thousand years of hardships and hardships, is still old and has luxuriant new branches. Just like many proletarian revolutionaries of the old generation, "the wind and frost are everywhere, the sky is awe inspiring, and the moral integrity of the clouds is getting stronger.". No wonder during the period when the "four evils" were rampant, some people visited Jidu temple and watched the tall and straight "general cypress". They wrote poems with boundless emotion, praising: "the thin skin is left when the waist is broken, the new branches are still green, and the general cypress in Jidu temple is always in the wind.". 　　

In the northeast of the ancient Han cypress, on the stone wall of Changsheng hall, there are six simple and majestic characters "the first cave in the world" written by Yuan scholar Xu Youren. There are dozens of stone inscriptions of Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties under it. Among them, Shiqiao was created in the period of Jin Dading, and its calligraphy is vigorous. Its rubbings have been exhibited abroad. Zhao Mengfu, a great calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty, wrote the "stele of a brief record of throwing dragon", which is especially praised by the world for its vigorous and elegant style.

To bypass Jidu's palace is xiaobeihai, which is known as Jidu's East source

Chinese PinYin : Ji Du Miao