Liu's Residence

Liu's residence, located in xiwenxing village, tuwo Township, 25 kilometers southwest of Qinshui County, is a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level. The main objects of protection are typical Ming and Qing Dynasty buildings and ancient buildings from the end of Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, wood and stone carvings, celebrity inscriptions, painting and calligraphy techniques, murals, gold plaques given by the emperor, stone carvings and so on.

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Liu's Residence

Liu's residence, located in xiwenxing village, Qinshui County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, is the former residence of Liu Yuchun, the descendant of Liu Zongyuan, the great poet of Tang Dynasty. It was founded in 1550, the 29th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty. On the windward board of a stone archway in the courtyard, there is a regular script inscription: "it was established in October of the winter of gengxu in the 29th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty." Seen from the shape and style of the existing residential buildings, there were many repairs and additions in the Qing Dynasty.

There are two stone archways in the courtyard, which are made of bluestone, with two columns and a single building. Two windward boards. One is entitled "the fragrance of Osmanthus fragrans" and the other is entitled "the martial arts of Qingyun tower". It was built in the 29th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty.

On May 25, 2006, as an ancient building from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, Liu's residence was approved by the State Council to be listed in the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

In February 2020, in order to pay tribute to the medical workers who are struggling in the front line of anti epidemic, from the end of the epidemic to the end of 2020, the national medical workers can visit the scenic spot free of charge with their valid certificates.

brief introduction

Liu's folk house historical and cultural tourism area, the relic's residence of Liu Zongyuan in Wenxing of Tang Dynasty, is located in xiwenxing village, Qinshui County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, surrounded by Taihang, Wangwu and Zhongtiao mountains. It is a national 4A scenic spot, a famous historical and cultural village in China, and a national key cultural relics protection unit. In the fourth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan's family started to build the Liu family's residence in Hedong, which covers an area of more than 30000 square meters. At present, it is the only primitive ancient village in China where people of the same ancestral blood have lived together for generations. The ancient folk houses have superb architectural techniques and unique styles, which integrate the essence of architectural art in Ming and Qing Dynasties. They set the north and South architectural styles in one place, and at the same time applied the palace building techniques to the folk people with unusual ingenious features. They truly recorded the history of the official works of the scholars in China, and profoundly revealed the social development history of the Ming Dynasty "official and merchants" to the Shang and officials in the Qing Dynasty. The best of art.

The building faces south, 84 meters long from north to south, 48 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 4032 square meters, with a total of 114 houses. The courtyard is divided into two groups, with the East-West village street as the center line, and the north and south sides are side by side. There are 13 courtyards in the original building, but only 4 are left now. Except for two stone archways built in the Ming Dynasty, the rest were built in the Qing Dynasty.

The layout of the residential buildings is divided into single and double, and the architectural forms are mostly suspended hill and hard hill. Divided by the streets in the village, it is symmetrically distributed on the north and south sides, and the building layout is compact. The back wall of the South courtyard takes the East and West as the axis, and a cross street building is built. The number of each courtyard is inscribed with the name of the courtyard in regular script, and the four courtyards are all closed quadrangles. The well preserved and representative courtyard is Sima Di courtyard, which faces south from the north and enters the courtyard in two directions. On the central axis, there are inverted seats, main rooms and upper rooms in turn. There are wing rooms on the East and west sides of the front and rear courtyard, with a hard mountain roof. The gate is located in the southeast corner, with a single door. The main house is three rooms wide, six rafters deep, with single eaves hanging on the top of the mountain and two-story Pavilion style. The lower floor is set with floor slab, and the East secondary room is set with stairs to reach the upper floor. In other courtyards, Shangfang and Zhengfang have the same forms, which are relics of the same period.

The existing stone lions in Yuanbao's ears, high-quality brick carvings in Yipin Qinglian, and wood carvings in Mingsi and yinbaxian can be regarded as unique products in China. Famous Chinese Neo Confucianist Zhu Xi, great master Wang Yangming, one of the four great talents in Jiangnan, Fang Yuanhuan, the enlightenment master of Chairman Mao Zedong's calligraphy, and Wu Daozi, the painting saint of Tang Dynasty, are rare in the world.

Folk houses

Liu's residence is located in xiwenxing village, Qinshui County, in the hinterland of Lishan. It is surrounded by mountains and peaks. From Taihang, there is Lutai (mountain) in the north, which is higher than the peaks, saying: Lutai is tall and graceful; South Ying Wangwu, which gallops to the clouds, leaning against the air, which is green and green, saying: Xingwu gongcui; East Qu Longlin, which is next to Dajian, saying: Santai left embrace; West Mountain Longwo, which is strong and looks like walking, saying: Jiugang right ring; Wuliu people live there. (Yi Fang Shan Ji). Xiwenxing village is the remains of a thousand year old village, which began in the late Tang Dynasty and was inhabited by the Liu family in Hedong by blood. Today, 56 families and more than 220 people live in the village, almost all of them surnamed Liu. Liu's family has always followed the instructions of their ancestors and never publicized their family. They have lived in the high-ranking families left behind by their ancestors and have been living in the courtyards for generations. Moreover, the clansmen are clear in age and teeth, orderly in age and childhood, taboo in words and regulations, not disorderly in family rules, and handed down from generation to generation.

In recent years, many experts and scholars in scientific research institutes have paid close attention to this magical ancient village where the Liu family of Hedong lived together by blood. Experts and scholars from the Institute of history of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of cultural relics and ancient architecture of Tsinghua University in Beijing, State Administration of cultural relics, Ministry of construction of the people's Republic of China, Liu Zongyuan Research Association of China, Genealogy Research Center of Shanxi Academy of Social Sciences, etc. have come to xiwenxing ancient village to study the inscriptions on the tombstone, inscriptions, family instructions and plaque of Liu's family This paper makes a detailed textual research on the ancient documents and the taboos of Liu's genealogy, and draws an amazing historical conclusion: "at the end of Tang Dynasty, the ancestor moved from Hedong to Qinli (mountain)" (stele of the painting of Liu's clan branch). So far, more than 200 Liu's villagers living in the courtyard of the ancient village of xiwenxing are actually one of the famous writers of Tang Dynasty Liu Zongyuan They are descendents of the same lineage. In addition, the Liu people have abided by their ancestral precepts from generation to generation: "leidu is the foundation, do not divide the family property, live together with the family, do not publicize the family, and think that the literati are big (homophonic: to be) and prosperous" (Hedong Yixun), which has been handed down from generation to generation.

The descendants of the Liu family of Hedong, which once had a prominent history, are still rooted in the native land of Shanxi. The descendants of Liu Zongyuan, who had been sought by Chinese Liu scholars, lived in seclusion for thousands of years in the mountains of xingwangwu. Wenxing in Qinshui, Shanxi Province, which is located in the hinterland of Lishan, was finally found. This important historical discovery immediately caused a sensation, filled the historical gap for the study of Liu Zongyuan in China, and provided a real and reliable empirical evidence for the inheritance of Liu Zongyuan culture. In September 2004, at the Liuzongyuan International Symposium in Liuzhou, Guangxi, China Liuzongyuan Research Association released this important discovery to the international Liuxue community, which attracted the attention of international Liuxue experts and scholars. The discovery of Liu Zongyuan's descendants in Wenxing, Qinshui, Shanxi, also fills the historical gap for Liu Zongyuan's absence in Shanxi.

General records of Shanxi

Records of Xiangxian in general annals of Shanxi

Liu Zongyuan, Zi Hou, was born in Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi Province). He is extremely sensitive and exquisite. He was praised by many generations. Liu Zongyuan was a Jinshi in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793 A.D.) of Tang Dynasty. Because of his brilliant talent and incorruptibility, he made great progress. In the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805 AD), Emperor Shunzong ascended the throne, changed his name to Yongzhen, and promoted Liu Zongyuan to wailang, a member of the Ministry of rites. Liu Zongyuan, together with Wang Shuwen, advocated the reform of politics and the removal of corrupt officials, which touched the interests of the dignitaries. The dignitaries colluded and forced the seriously ill emperor Shunzong to pass the throne to the crown prince. In August of the same year, Emperor Xianzong ascended the throne, changed his name to Yuanhe, demoted Wang Shuwen to Yuzhou Sima, and was killed the next year. Eight of Wang Shuwen's political reformers were demoted as "Bian Zhou Sima". This is the famous "Er Wang Ba Sima incident" in history. Liu Zongyuan, who was the most guilty among all the party members, was demoted as Yongzhou Sima first, and then moved to Liuzhou as an emissary. Liu Zongyuan was in Liuzhou for four years. He continued to carry out innovation and made remarkable achievements. He was deeply loved by the people and was known as "Liuzhou". In the 14th year of Yuanhe (819 AD), he was ill and died in Rensuo. :

After being demoted, Liu Zongyuan, a poor official, seemed to be in love with the landscape, but in fact he was worried. In the "two Wangs and eight SIMAS" who took part in the political reform at that time, Wang Pixian died and Wang Shuwen's family was killed. Liu Zongyuan, the third figure of the reformers, was always worried about his life because of his difficult official career. In order to avoid the disaster of "exterminating the nine ethnic groups", he demoted Liu family in Hedong and sent them to move abroad. He secretly preached to his family: "the emperor's kindness is in the way of eating, the five grain is for a living, the leidu is for the foundation, he is honest, he is concerned about the country and the people, he abandoned his government and moved, his fame should not be publicized When you become famous, don't forget the hungry. " (see preface to Liu's genealogy in Hedong). Soon, Liu Zongyuan, a talented and famous official, died. Second, the daughter is still young, the eldest son is only four years old, the second son has not been born, and the family has no savings. Thanks to his friend Pei Xingli's generous donation, his coffin was transported back to Chang'an for ten thousand years. At this time, the political terror was still there, and the Liu family could not get a foothold in Chang'an, so they had to sell their property, cross the Yellow River and live in seclusion in Lishan, not far from their ancestral home. From then on, the famous family Hedong Liushi disappeared from people's vision. Liu's descendants took farming and reading as the foundation and lived in anonymity. After the song and Yuan Dynasties, they did not publicize their families.

Revival of Ming and Qing Dynasties

Since the Liu family moved to the East, they first lived in Nanguan, Yicheng County, where they have liujiayuan and preserved the plaque of "Hedong old home". Later they settled in xiwenxing village, Qinshui county. "Xi Wen Xing" means that the Liu family came from the west, and their descendants took Wen Xing as their career. According to the epitaph of Liu Chunfang, a descendant of the Liu family, "the first ancestor Chen was xiwenxing village, which was moved from Yicheng County to Qinli."

Chinese PinYin : Liu Shi Min Ju