Huozhou Department

Huozhou department is said to have been the shogunate of song Laosheng, the Zhonglang General of the Sui Dynasty, and the commander-in-chief of Yuchi Gong of the Tang Dynasty. As the government office of the state, it has lasted for more than 1300 years. The original building collapsed in the earthquake in 1303. The next year, Jianzhou lost its lanbuhua, and Zhizhou Li Boyuan presided over the reconstruction. After the Ming and Qing dynasties have been supplemented repair, improving. Covering an area of 38500 square meters, it is divided into three major building groups, namely, the central axis and the East-West auxiliary line, as well as some buildings outside the Department. The main building of the Department is majestic, tall, simple and elegant, with ingenious structure and excellent materials; the subsidiary building is large-scale, well arranged, magnificent in shape, realistic inside and beautiful outside.

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Huozhou Department

Huozhou office is located in the north of the East Street of Huozhou City, Shanxi Province. It was built in the Tang Dynasty, covering an area of 38500 square meters. The existing ancient buildings are the cultural heritage of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Regardless of its location, building scale, overall layout and shape design, it is the only well preserved ancient state-level government office in China. It embodies the wisdom of the ancient Han working people, shines with the brilliant pearl of Chinese history and culture, and plays a brilliant role in Huozhou.

Historical evolution

Huozhou department is said to have been the shogunate of song Laosheng, the Zhonglang General of the Sui Dynasty, and the commander-in-chief of Yuchi Gong of the Tang Dynasty. As the government office of the state, it has lasted for more than 1300 years. The original building collapsed in the earthquake in 1303. The next year, Jianzhou lost its lanbuhua, and Zhizhou Li Boyuan presided over the reconstruction. It covers an area of 38500 square meters and is divided into three major building groups, namely the central axis and the East-West auxiliary line, as well as some external buildings. The main building of the Department is majestic, tall, simple and elegant, with ingenious structure and excellent materials; the subsidiary building is large-scale, well arranged, magnificent in shape, realistic inside and beautiful outside.

From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, natural disasters were changeable, and wars were in a series of troubles. Except for the central axis buildings, the East-West auxiliary lines and the buildings outside the Department were either destroyed, destroyed or used for other purposes.

Introduction to yamen Office

Layout structure

Huozhou Prefecture Office is said to be the commander's mansion of Yuchi Gong of Tang Dynasty, covering an area of 38500 square meters. From south to north, it is divided into three axes: central axis, East axis and West axis. Years of vicissitudes, natural disasters and war, the existing area of the State Department is 18700 square meters. The central axis of the building is basically well preserved. From south to north, the existing buildings are as follows:

Qiaolou: located in front of Yimen, it is 15 meters wide from east to west and 11 meters long from north to south. It was built by Zhizhou dangke in 1542. The word "zhenchen" on the lintel of the gate comes from the Analects of Confucius, which means that if the ruler can move people with virtue, he will be happy near, and he will be obedient far away. It collapsed in 1985 and rebuilt in 1990.

Danlong: located between qiaolou and Yimen, it is the place where Zhizhou held rites and mass "social fire" meetings.

Yimen: the second main gate of the government office, a pair of stone lions in front of the stage, ascend to Yimen. It was built in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. Yimen has four beams and eight columns, five purlins and four rafters. The gold plaque of "Huozhou Department" is hanging on the top of the door. The east gate of Yimen is called "people's gate", which people usually go in and out of. In ancient times, it was the entrance of death penalty criminals.

The custom of sticking door god comes from Huozhou. It is said that when Li Yuan and Li Shimin, the generals stationed in Taiyuan in the late Sui Dynasty, fought against the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, they fought twice in Huozhou city. Yuchi Gong (Jingde) and Qin Qiong (Shubao) became two powerful generals in front of the account. Li Shimin, the king of the Tang Dynasty, felt that they had made great contributions to the ghosts and demons in their nightmare when they were guarding the gate, so he ordered the painter to make two portraits, Posted in front of the tent or at the gate of the palace to ward off evil spirits. This was later passed down as a folk custom of pasting "door god".

Corridor: the passage between the hall and the instrument door, one meter above the ground. In ancient times, yamen officers stood on both sides to welcome and see off officials at all levels.

Jieshiting: the wooden square in the corridor ten meters north of Yimen. The South Mei script reads "the world is for the public", and the North Mei script reads "being clear, careful and diligent". A stone tablet was erected at the place where the pavilion was originally set up, and then the "Jieshi Pavilion" was rebuilt for easy access. The original stone stele is engraved with "Gong Sheng Ming" in the South and "Er Feng ER Lu" in the north. The people pay high salaries to the people. The lower people are easy to be empty and the heaven is hard to deceive. ". To warn officials, never forget.

Platform: the front platform of the lobby.

Hall: the hall is an important part of the overall building of the State Department. It was built in the Tang Dynasty, and the existing hall was built in 1304, the eighth year of Dade in the Yuan Dynasty. The lobby has five rooms in width and depth, six rafters with reduced columns, large beams and four rafters inside and outside. The front is connected with three rolling sheds and four rafter pavilions on the top of the mountain. It is a typical example of the complete preservation of wood members in the history of ancient Chinese architecture.

Second Hall: behind the hall, there are five buildings built in the Republic of China, five of which are wide and five of which are too deep. There is no corridor at the front and back. It is the office space for the magistrate to handle state affairs.

Inner house: after the second hall, the place where Zhizhou lived was built in the Ming Dynasty and restored repeatedly in the Qing Dynasty.

Kefang: the East and west sides in front of the hall, corridor style, hard peak building, 17 on each side, occupied by Liufang, built by yuwenyong, Zhizhou in 1524.

Main building

The main building hall in the Department is a Yuan Dynasty building, simple and elegant, with ingenious structure and excellent workmanship. Liang Sicheng, an expert in Chinese ancient architecture, called it a unique example of comical architecture. Liang Sicheng thinks that the hall building is unique in that it is three rooms wide on the surface and a little narrow in the heart. On the four columns, it is connected with a very small appendix, on which there is a whole huge Pu Bai Fang, which completely reverses the traditional structural material balance of Chinese architecture.

Pillar couplets

There is a rectangular sb at the north end of the corridor, about 0.2 meters higher than the corridor, and a pair of crouching stone tigers and stone lions along the south side. According to the expert's appraisal, the pair of stone tigers belong to the Tang Dynasty stone carving specimens, which are the witness of more than 1000 years of history. The stone lion is a work of the Yuan Dynasty, and the north of the platform is Baoxia, with carved beams and painted buildings. A couplet is engraved on the pillar: "don't let the people deceive one or two things. Even if you don't pay attention to it, you can complain about it. It's easy to say that it's easy for the officials to do things for thousands of households. I'd like to teach them to support them, and I'd like to despise their bows."

Huozhou Department couplet is concise and comprehensive, awakens the world police. In China's long feudal society, state officials of all dynasties took self-cultivation and morality as the way of governing, which was written in the eye-catching place of the government, which was very thought-provoking and praiseworthy. It is worth mentioning that the official motto recommended by Premier Zhu Rongji is "officials are not afraid of strictness, but they are afraid of honesty; the people are not willing to accept my ability, but they are obedient to my public; the public dare not slow down, and the incorruptible dare not bully the officials. "Gong Sheng Ming, Lian Sheng Wei" comes from Cao Duan, the founder of Huozhou school in Ming Dynasty.

Cultural orientation

Huozhou department is said to be Tang Yuchi Gong's Shuai Fu Xingyuan, which is divided into three major buildings: central axis, East and west auxiliary lines. From south to north, the existing buildings are "Erlong Xizhu" screen wall (demolished), "guhuomingjun" square, qiaolou, Danlong, Yimen, Yongdao, jieshiting, East and west chamber, platform, Baoxia, lobby, East and west chamber, second hall, inner house, jingyixuan, etc.

In the cultural landscape scattered all over the country, Huozhou Department has a unique cultural orientation. Among the four levels of ancient government culture system composed of Beijing Palace Museum, Hebei Baoding Zhili governor's office and Henan Neixiang County Government, Huozhou office has the longest history. The hall of the Yuan Dynasty was built more than 100 years earlier than the Forbidden City. It's majestic and tall, simple and elegant, ingenious in structure and excellent in workmanship. It's the best architectural art of the Yuan Dynasty. Mr. Liang Sicheng, an expert in Chinese ancient architecture, called it "the unique example of ridiculous architecture". The development and opening up of Huozhou department played a very important role in the study of ancient political system, legal system, officials and imperial examination system.

Between Yimen and the State Department Hall, there is a long corridor about one meter above the ground, which leads directly to the hall. In the middle of the corridor 20 meters to the north of Yimen, there is a memorial archway style building called Jieshi Pavilion. A stone tablet was originally erected here. In the south, "Gong Sheng Ming" was engraved, and in the north, "Er Feng ER Lu, the people's salary, the people's loyalty, the people's easy abuse, and the heaven's hard bullying" was engraved.

Cultural relics protection

In order to carry forward ancient Chinese culture, Huozhou municipal Party committee and government have been actively preparing to build "Huozhou Municipal Department Museum" since 1986. After more than ten years of unremitting efforts, most of the maintenance of the former compound of Huozhou Department has been completed. At present, the "Museum of Huozhou Department" has been opened to the public. It is a bright pearl that condenses the wisdom of the ancient working people and shines with the glory of the Chinese nation's history and culture.

Huozhou department, the Palace Museum, Zhili governor's office in Baoding, Hebei Province, and Neixiang County Government Office in Henan Province constitute a series of four levels of ancient official culture from the central government to the local government in China, which has high research, appreciation and protection value. In November 1996, the State Council announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Recovery process

Because of the cultural revolution or some wars, some buildings of Huozhou department were destroyed many times. Since the cultural revolution, some of the original buildings on the East axis of Huozhou department have been occupied by Huozhou Education Bureau. Therefore, the existing Huozhou Department has only 18300 square meters.

Therefore, Huozhou municipal government started the reconstruction and repair work in early 2011. The first phase of the project is to restore all the buildings on the central axis of Huozhou department and some buildings around jingyixuan on the eastern axis and Mawang temple on the Western Zhou line. The first phase of the project is scheduled to be completed on October 1, 2011 and open to the public.

And the second phase of the project will be in the future

Chinese PinYin : Huo Zhou Shu