Tomb of Princess Yongtai

The tomb of Princess Yongtai is in the north of Qianxian county. It is one of the 17 accompanying tombs in Qianling. Princess Yongtai is the seventh daughter of Li Xian, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang Dynasty, and the granddaughter of Li Zhi and Wu Zetian, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty. Her name is Xianhui. She died in the first year of Dazu (701), when she was only 17 years old. Later, she was buried with her husband Wu Yanji in the Qianling mausoleum.

Tomb of Princess Yongtai

The tomb of Princess Yongtai, located in the north of Qianxian County, is one of the 17 accompanying tombs in Qianling. Princess Yongtai is the seventh daughter of Li Xian of Tang Zhongzong, and the granddaughter of Li Zhi and Wu Zetian of Tang Gaozong, named Xianhui. She died at the age of 17 in the first year of Dazu in Tang Dynasty. Later, she was buried with her husband Wu Yanji in the Qianling mausoleum.

As for the death of Princess Yongtai, "Zizhitongjian · the holy queen of Tianshun" says that "the Empress Dowager is high in the spring and Autumn period, and has many political affairs. Zhang Yi's brother, King chongrun of Shao, his younger sister, Princess Yongtai, and his son-in-law, Wu Yanji of Wei, secretly discussed his affairs. Yi sued the empress dowager, and in September Renshen, the Empress Dowager committed suicide.".

The tomb of Princess Yongtai was excavated from 1960 to 1962. It is a sealed earth mound tomb. The tomb is made of brick and consists of a passage, a passage, a patio, a rain passage and a chamber, with a total length of 87.5 meters. The passage of the tomb is a slope about 2 meters wide. It goes through the cave to the narrow rain passage. On both sides of the cave wall, there are six small niches, in which there are painted pottery figurines, horse riding figurines, three colored horses, ceramic utensils and other burial objects. The shape is realistic and the craft is exquisite. From the tomb path to the tomb chamber, there are also rich and colorful murals, palace guard of honor, celestial map, palace maid map and so on. In particular, a stone coffin was placed in the tomb, with 15 pictures of ladies on the stone wall. Among these figures, some wore long skirts; some wore men's clothes; some wore long coats, waistbands, and purses; some wore Ruyi shoes; some wore long skirts with short jackets, or holding pots, or trays, or making flowers, or bowing hands, or talking, etc. all these showed the scenes of court life at that time. In addition, on the top of the two doors of the stone coffin, there is a pair of mandarin ducks, flying towards each other with open wings, symbolizing the love of the host and his wife in the tomb. The tomb has been stolen, and there is a trace of thieves entering in the passage. Out of the tomb Road, you can go straight to the top of the tomb from the roads on both sides of the tomb. On the top of the tomb, you can see the nearby tombs of Prince Zhanghuai and Prince Yide. There is also a display room in front of the tomb to store the unearthed funerary objects.

Mausoleum system

There are 1 pair of stone lions, 2 pairs of stone men and 1 pair of Huabiao outside the South Gate of Yongtai Princess tomb, which has the scale of mausoleum. There are two que Dui in the middle, and the cemetery is composed of tomb passage, cave, patio and tomb chamber. There are murals on both sides of the passage, but they are copies. The murals are colorful and powerful. From 1960 to 1962, the state excavated the tomb of Princess Yongtai.

This is the largest Tomb of the Tang Dynasty excavated since the founding of the people's Republic of China. The tomb is surrounded by walls, 275 meters long from north to South and 220 meters long from east to west. The total area of the tomb is 6050 square meters. The tomb is in the shape of a bucket, 14 meters high and 56 meters long on each side. The tomb is 87.5 meters long, 3.9 meters wide, and 16.7 meters deep. It is a brick chamber tomb with a sloping earth cave. The whole tomb is composed of a tomb passage, five caves, six patios, corridors, eight convenient rooms, and front and back chambers, symbolizing the multi residence courtyard where Princess Yongtai lived before her death. There are two honor guards in the tomb path, which are composed of huge green dragon, white tiger and warriors in war robes and with gold sword on their waists. They arranged in front of the que tower and the six halberd weapon rack to form a majestic guard of honor. In the middle were half male and half female attendants. The front room of the tomb is mainly composed of maids. They are full-bodied, with different expressions and lifelike. They are masterpieces in the murals of Tang tombs. In the eight toilet rooms on both sides of the patio, there are various tricolor figurines, pottery, porcelain and other funerary objects. There are male and female riding figurines, Hu riding figurines, warrior figurines, tomb animals and various animal figurines. In particular, the three color figurines reflect the superb level of ceramic technology in the Tang Dynasty in terms of shape and glaze.

Tomb excavation

During the excavation, a burglar cave was found near the sixth patio. There was a skeleton at the entrance of the cave. Beside the skeleton, there was an iron axe, and gold and jade ornaments were scattered around. It is estimated that in order to share the stolen goods, a gang of thieves cut down the last accomplice who was still in the cave mercilessly. The tomb of Princess Yongtai was stolen in the five dynasties or early Song Dynasty.

Although the tomb of Princess Yongtai was stolen, more than 1000 pieces of precious cultural relics such as murals, pottery figurines, wooden figurines, three color figurines, gold, jade and bronze ware were unearthed. In particular, the three color figurines, with exquisite shape, bright colors and peculiar decorations, reflect the highly developed level of ceramic technology in the Tang Dynasty. The murals in the tomb are rich and colorful. There are murals on the top of the passage, passage, corridor and chamber. The former tomb symbolizes the living room, and the frescoes are mainly maids in gorgeous costumes. Some of them seemed to be whispering, some seemed to nod in praise, and some were looking around. They seemed to be on their way to serve their masters. On the top of the tomb, there is a picture of the sky: in the East is the three legged golden bird symbolizing the sun; in the west is the jade rabbit symbolizing the moon; in the middle is the Milky way, with stars all over the sky, and each star has a fixed position in the celestial body. This fully reflects the highly developed astronomy at that time. For more than a thousand years, the rain has brought sand down the cave, which has destroyed many exquisite murals. However, the surviving murals are the best paintings of Tang Dynasty. In the back of the tomb, there is a stone coffin in the hall where Princess Yongtai and her husband were buried together, with a door in the middle and a maid guarding the door on each side. Both inside and outside the stone coffin are engraved with lines. The posture is vivid, the lines are smooth, and the carving is skilled and exquisite. The wooden coffin in the stone coffin has been rotten for a long time because it was soaked in mud.

epitaph

Epitaph of Princess Yongtai in Tang Dynasty

When the officials heard that Jiang River was in Henan and Ao, the heavenly daughter was hanging in Jingwei; when Xiang River was in Beizhu, the emperor was in Fangyun. He praised the rites of Su and Yong in Tang Dynasty; he beat drums in kanqi, and made the instrument of match in Yin Dynasty. Then Wang Ji's favorite is lingguanghe, whose origin is still gone. The princess taboo Xianhui, the word Zhen Hui, Emperor Yao's great grandson, Emperor wenwusheng's great grandson, Emperor Gaozong's great grandson, the emperor's seventh daughter. The emperor of Tang Dynasty is now sacred, so he is regarded as the emperor of Tang Dynasty and the emperor of Tang Dynasty. The princess sends out the light of Yaotai, contains the fragrance of Pearl trees, stores the spirit of Dui, compiles Yi, and weaves auspiciousness. The four virtues are endowed by God. They are full of wisdom and action. They are bright and bright, bright and bright. They are bright and colorful. They are full of plum flowers. Their green feathers are fresh and fragrant. It is based on the history of Tongyan, the training of purple boudoir, the sensitive learning of cloud, and the carving of CI brocade. Song Shu Jiang Jue Feng, Yin Shi Ming Gao. If you move, you must be polite to protect the Fu's appearance. If you say something like this, you will feel the sigh of the emperor. Huizhi, Wangyu, Shaoyin, Yunsai, Tianguang, Cang, Chongsheng, zaner, Yiyan, Tangmu, Daqi, Pingyang and Danbo. On September 6, the first year of Jiushi, there was Yongtai Princess and 1000 households in the city. Wu Yanji, king of the Wei Dynasty, Zhuo long Yingqi, Jiayu shuowang, yuezan in juejiao, Linlang in Qun. The son of Que Fu was the only one to marry the king, and the family of Marquis of Qi was still the first. In the end, there are stars, rivers and rivers, precious bows, and springs; in the end, there are gods, and they are in the court of the library. Ziying, Huangwei, zesuo, Fanlian, Ningjing, Weijin, jingcui and beique. Since the death of Jiao, Luan has been worried about the lonely shadow, the fire of Huai has not been moved, the cypress boat is empty, the Pearl fetus destroys the moon, and there is no fragrance in ten li; Qiong's calyx withers spring, which is the secret medicine of resentful Shuangtong. Female e Chi song, ride green smoke and suddenly go; make jade Xiao sound, into the clouds and never return. alas! On September 4, the first year of Dazu, there were seven in spring and autumn. In the past, the emperor was in charge of the country. He was in love with the building of the museum. He was sad about canghao's inhumanity and sighed about the emperor's lack of salary. At the beginning of Baotu, the destiny of heaven was only new. Gu Fuxing thought and pursued the lofty canon. Tongyan north foot, sword water east turbulence, Fu column Qiancheng, home open ten thousand wells. Shutong soil's support is full, Xiquan's first life, reading the Leis of the plain, has been through the gods; along the valley, I heard the same acupoint. In the first year of the dragon, she was granted the title of Princess Yongtai. On the 18th of guimaoshuo in May, the second year of Guangdong Province, there was a system to make suobili and Duwei, the old son-in-law, live together in the northern yuan of Fengtian and be buried with Qianling. The clouds are swept away by the waves. The incense is extinguished and the wind is broken. Red ringworm thick Xi, stele ancient, Cangshan together Xi mountain road, Zhuru jade box unexpectedly where, Shima mausoleum side imperial tomb. Its inscription said: Treasure system Chongguang, Wei Kun Huang. Yu Mu, the son of heaven. She is like a peach when she is born. Tao Li Yi Zhen, Wang Ji Su Yong. The virtue of playing chess in Rou Jia is gentle in appearance and gentle in grace. The milled mirror is full of flowers and charms. Wei Wei snake, such as mountains and rivers. The wind perches on the tower column, and the dragon plate weaves the shuttle. There is no Que in a hundred lines, the concubines go to the moon, the double belts tie the knot, and the six karmas circle the hair. The magic sword is hard to stay, but the immortal cloud is easy to rest. The immortal clouds rest and mourn, the jade tube floats without leaving a sound, the octopus flies, the brocade disappears, and the silver is leaning away. The mourning is like dew, and the spirit is like sun. Fengtian mountain is vast, green pines and daisies are traveling, and spring boudoir is on the stage at night. When will it dawn for thousands of years?

Tomb owner

Yongtai Princess tomb is one of the 17 accompanying tombs in Qianling.

Yongtai Princess (684-701) Li Xianhui, the seventh daughter of Tang Zhongzong, whose mother is empress Wei, was first granted Yongtai princess. He married Wu Yanji, the son of Wu Chengsi as a princess. In Dazu, his elder brother Li chongrun and husband Wu Yanji disobeyed Wu Zetian's male pet Zhang Yizhi and were killed by Empress Wu. A day later, the princess died in childbirth in Luoyang. After Zhongzong's restoration, he gave it as a gift to the princess, changed it into a funeral with rites, and named the tomb as the mausoleum. In September 1960, the epitaph of Princess Yongtai was unearthed.

She is the only tomb in Chinese history, which is called "mausoleum"

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