Shihu Garden

Shihu garden is a garden building in northern China. Founded in the Ming Dynasty, also known as Dingjia garden, located in hujiapaifang street, Weifang City, Shandong Province, covering an area of 2000 square meters. Because it covers a small area, it is like ten banwat, so it is named. In 1988, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

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Shihu Garden

Shihu garden, located at No.49 hujiapaifang street, Weifang City, Shandong Province, is a pocket building of classical gardens in northern China, with the reputation of "the Pearl of eastern Shandong".

Shihu garden was first built in the Ming Dynasty. The inkstone fragrant building in the garden was originally the former residence of Hu bangzuo, a criminal doctor in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. Later, in 1885, Ding Shanbao, the richest man in Weifang, bought it with a lot of money and built the whole garden on the basis of Yanxiang building. Shihu garden is called "Dingjia garden". The whole building sits in the north and south, with green brick and grey tile. The main body is brick and wood structure, with a total construction area of about 2000 square meters. Because it occupies a small area, it is as big as ten banwat.

In 1988, Shihu garden was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

Cultural relics protection

Because it occupies a small area, it is as big as ten banwat. In 1988, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council. It is known as "the Pearl of Ludong".

Shihu garden used to be the former residence of Hu bangzuo, a doctor of the Ministry of punishment in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. Chen Zhaoluan (the magistrate of Zhangde in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty) and Guo Xiongfei (the governor of Zhili in the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty) lived here successively in the Qing Dynasty. Later, in 1885, Ding Shanbao, the richest man in Weixian County, bought his private residence for a large sum of money. He repaired three old buildings in the north, named Yanxiang building, excavated pools, stacked rockeries, and finally became a private garden.

Shihu garden is a part of the whole dingzhai building community. Apart from the back garden destroyed in the cultural revolution, the existing building area of the building community is 10400 square meters, and there are more than 200 ancient buildings, of which 34 are large and small.

architectural style

Shihu garden is not only a famous ancient garden, it absorbs the essence of the north and south garden architecture, but also has unique development on this basis. Now, it is also the cultural relics exhibition hall of Weifang City, which used to be the original site of Weifang Museum. The colorful cultural relics are displayed in turn and open to the audience, which adds rich cultural connotation to this famous garden.

Humanistic atmosphere

Shihu garden, also known as Dingjia garden, is located in hujiapaifang street, Weifang City, Shandong Province, covering an area of 2000 square meters. Weifang, located in Shandong plain, was a place with frequent commercial activities in Qing Dynasty. There used to be sixteen old gardens here. Shihu garden was built in the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, which is the most famous and the only one left. Weifang is located at the junction of the South and the north, so the garden style also shows two styles of the South and the north.

Businessmen and scholars here can go to Suzhou and Hangzhou in the South and Kyoto in the north. Each of the two has its own advantages, which are also displayed incisively and vividly in this garden. No wonder that Kang Youwei wrote "a postscript to Shihu garden" after he lived in the garden for three nights: "the mountains are cold, the pines are shady, and the lotus is red. I've come down to the mountains for three nights, and I've got a lot of people. " In the garden, there are not only deep shade of pines, but also beautiful pools and pavilions. This private garden is full of scholars and scholars, which adds a literati atmosphere. It exudes the spirit, temperament and charm of traditional culture.

Experience

Ding Shanbao, the owner of the garden, was named Fu Chen and named Liu Zhai. He donated a lot of money during the reign of Xianfeng and won the title of Ju Ren and the cabinet secretary. As one of the four great gentry in Weifang, he was able to write poetry and prose, and also wrote a collection of works, such as Geng Yun Nang Xia. In 1885, he bought the former residence of Hu Bangyi, a doctor of the Ministry of criminal justice of the Ming Dynasty. During the reconstruction, he built a residential garden, which was as small as wat board. According to the owner, the garden was too small and only "ten wat boards" were big, so it was named Shih wat garden.

At that time, he invited his literary friends Kuai Juqi, Liu Zixiu and Yu Jingzhai to design the garden, which was completed in only eight months. At that time, famous artists gathered and sang about wine cups constantly. Wang duanlin of Anqiu wrote "Qinyuanchun" in praise: "the three bows open up, and the clouds and forests are cut for a long time.

There are half an acre of fangtang, Jinghu, Qifeng Shihu, Lingbi Cuiwei, Quxie Liuyun, Qingquan Jiazhi, wild grass and flowers planted by themselves. Xiao is very idle. He has already seen the mountains and has returned to the five mountains. " Peidu's Bai Yongxiu wrote "the title sentence of Shihu garden" and said: "on the west side of the water Pavilion by the Chilan bridge, the fishing line floats in the breeze under the pavilion. The lotus leaves are dyed and the flowers are shining in the eye, which makes people mistake Tiegong temple. "

Shihu garden is adjacent to guojiaxiang in the West and houses in the East and North. The whole region is divided into three spans. The East and West are relatively sparse garden style courtyards. The mid span is a pure garden. The three spans are parallel, the middle span is open, showing the front garden style, which is different from the backyard style and other courtyard style of Jiangnan garden.

Landscape planning

The central pool occupies one third of the area and is the drama center of the garden. This is the way to deal with the waterscape of the big garden, such as the middle island of the Humble Administrator's garden, but in the small garden, there are buildings along the edge and near the water, such as naohongyige in Tuisi Garden, yuezhifenglai Pavilion in Wangshi garden, lotus hall in Shizilin, etc. The sizhao pavilion has three bays on all sides. Be careful, the rooms are large and slightly small. They are narrow in North and south, narrow in East and West, with triple eaves on the roof and overlapping eaves. It's called a pavilion. It's actually a pavilion. It's surrounded by beautiful people to look at. The so-called "four lights" means that the four sides are considerable.

East View Pavilion, west view gallery, North view inkstone incense floor, south view ten wat cottage. On the west side of the pavilion is the entrance, with the title of Yuntao and couplet: the clear wind and bright moon are priceless, close to water and distant mountains.

Shihu garden is connected by the Jiuqu bridge in the northwest corner of sizhao Pavilion. However, although the bridge is used, it is not like the flat bridge in Jiangnan garden. The bridge deck is flat and curved, and the structure is vertical pier and arch. The bridge is divided into three arches and bent into a semicircle. The plane form is strange, which is not like the flexibility and lightness of Jiangnan gardens. It is said that in the northeast of sizhaoting, there is also a bridge connecting the boat.

Chidong rockery is a good place. The whole mountain is made of Lake stones. The rocks of Duishan lake here are relatively round. It is delicate and mellow. Sometimes several huge stone layers are stacked like stone forest in Yunnan. Dengdao strolls through it to the top of the northern peak, which is 5 meters high. The mountains are high in the north and low in the south. There is a pavilion in the north peak and a pavilion in the South Ridge. The north and South pavilions follow the east wall of the mountain. From the west to the East, you can see the scenery, and from the south to the north, you can see the Taihu Lake stones. Chengfu mountain and Gushan Mountain outside the garden are vivid. The stone mountain overlaps along the wall, like a wall mountain, which can save stone.

There is a boat in the northeast of the pool. Because it lands on three sides and faces the water on one side, it is as stable as a boat. The East, North and south sides of the boat are connected with the remaining veins of Dongshan mountain. You can find a way to climb mountains in the north and watch fish in the water in the West.

In the southeast corner of the pool, there is a pavilion facing the water on three sides, which is called Yilan Pavilion. The ripples are turbulent, and the haze is misty. It shows that the pavilion embraces the spirit of the East Mountain and the charm of the west water. Zuo Si's Fu "Wu Du Fu" says: "carving and pecking the tendrils, brushing the ripples." Wang Wei's poem "send Fang Zunshi back to Songshan" says: "the waterfall and pine often bring rain, and the setting sun suddenly turns into haze." This pavilion has a sharp point, a helmet shaped ridge, five fences, green pillars and red Fang. It is small, but too small. It reminds me of the Luoji Pavilion in Yiyuan. Beside the pavilion stands an exquisite Lake stone, which is inscribed with the word "Shihu garden". The shape of this stone is delicate, and the upper, middle and lower three holes are juxtaposed. The hard ground on the south bank is the passageway and platform. There are stacked stones on the bank. There are stalagmites on the left and right sides of the platform, such as flagpoles. The characteristics of the north are obvious. In the south is Shihu thatched cottage, with three rooms, brick and hard hilltop, which is very simple.

In the southwest corner of the pool, there is a pavilion named xiaocanglang. Its beauty, like xiaocanglang and Canglang Pavilion in Humble Administrator's garden, is derived from "the clear water of Canglang can wash my tassels". The water of the waves is so muddy that it can wash my feet. " The pavilion is square in plane, with red pillars without axes. The wood tumor can be seen. The roof of the pavilion is of grass top and cusp type. The pavilion is built with a round stone table and four fence poles. It is very simple.

The west of Yilan Pavilion pool is the corridor. The corridor is mainly straight, which becomes the East corridor across the courtyard in the West. The corridor is open to the East, with a beauty chair. The west side of the corridor is closed, walls are built and windows are opened. On the one hand, it faces the scenery of lakes and mountains, and on the other hand, it looks like bamboo and wood in the courtyard. One is real, one is empty, one is open and one is closed, which is obviously the practice of Jiangnan gardens. At the north end of the corridor, turn east and go north, forming a curved corridor. One corner of the corridor enters the water. The broken fence is set with steps, and the lower part is connected with the bridge.

In the north of the pool, there is a dragon wall with an octagonal entrance in the middle. The top of the door is hard and the eaves of the mountain press the top. The door and the wall are made of green bricks, and the wall is full of bricks and windows. Facing the gate, a Taihu stone is erected. As a view, the courtyard is open and hard. It is a northern style courtyard. Chunyu building is on the second floor. The first floor has a shack eaves gallery with square windows. The second floor has round windows with powder walls. The roof has three overlapping eaves.

The inkstone incense building in the center of the courtyard indicates its study nature. It is a two-story brick building with a hard mountain roof. You can see the Lake Pavilion in the south when you go upstairs. In front of Chunyu building in Xixiang, it is connected with the corridor. The southeast window on the second floor can capture the victory of the garden. Courtyard east into another cross courtyard, courtyard wall for the dragon wall, pink walls, green tiles, leaky windows round door, on the title garden victory and Ziqi Donglai. In the east courtyard, there is a glass flower greenhouse in the north. In the courtyard, there is a Quchi, with lotus plants inside, stones around the pool, and Indocalamus plants mixed with herbs. It has the flavor of Jiangnan garden.

The main hall is in the north. It is called shenliu reading hall. It used to be the master's living room. It is as quiet as a mountain room on the left and autumn sound hall on the right. The courtyard is divided into a neat courtyard by Holly hedgerow. The south gate is in the corner of the wall, with Wisteria planted, flower racks on it, a bunch of bamboo planted beside the wall of the corridor, and several Lake stones. Through the hall into the backyard, you can see a wide range of inscriptions and other cultural relics, such as the bronze weapons of the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Ming and Qing pottery

Chinese PinYin : Shi Hu Yuan