Sanhe ancient town

Sanhe ancient town is a typical water town. It took shape as far back as the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. It was named after the confluence of fengle River, Hangbu River and Xiaonan river. The ancient town is rich in cultural landscape, and has eight unique ancient landscapes in Jianghuai area, namely ancient river, ancient bridge, ancient polder, ancient street, ancient teahouse, ancient residence, ancient temple and ancient battlefield. It has the typical characteristics of "small bridge, flowing water, family and ancient town". Known as "travel in Huangshan, food in Sanhe" reputation.

Sanhe ancient town

Sanhe ancient town, with the ancient names of quezhu, quewei (Zhu) and quean, is a famous historical and cultural town in China and a national AAAAA tourist attraction. It is located in the south of Feixi County, Hefei City, Anhui Province, at the junction of Feixi, Lujiang and Shucheng, with a total area of 2.9 square kilometers.

Sanhe ancient town used to be a high island in Chaohu Lake. Due to sediment deposition, it gradually became land. In the late southern and Northern Dynasties, it was called Sanchahe, and Sanhe Town was set up in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

There are fengle River, Hangbu River and Xiaonan River in Sanhe ancient town. They flow eastward through Xinhe river for about 15 kilometers to Chaohu. There are ancient city wall, ancient fort, the former site of Taiping army headquarters, yingwangfu, yirenxiang, wanniantai, Lifu granary, Helu, Liutong Xinglongzhuang and other historical sites in the town. It is the birthplace of Lu opera. There are rice dumplings, brown sugar, crisp sugar, maltose, dried tea, rice wine and other specialties in the town.

In order to express respect and thanks to all medical staff, from the end of the epidemic and the date of resumption of operation to December 31, 2020, all paid scenic spots in Sanhe ancient town will implement a free tour policy for medical workers across the country.

Historical evolution

geographical environment

Location context

Sanhe ancient town is located at the southern end of Feixi County, Hefei City, Anhui Province, at the junction of Hefei, Lu'an and Chaohu. Its geographical coordinates are 31 ° 30 ˊ - 31 ° 32 ˊ N and 117 ° 14 ˊ - 117 ° 16 ˊ e. it is about 35 km away from Hefei City, adjacent to Shucheng county and Lujiang County, and adjacent to Chaohu Lake. It is the location of guquezhu Town, with a total area of 2.9 square kilometers.

climate

Sanhe ancient town is located on the shore of Chaohu Lake, with subtropical monsoon humid climate and annual precipitation of about 1000mm.

landforms

The ancient street area of Sanhe ancient town was originally the West Bank of the ancient Chaohu Lake, with a relatively high ground elevation. Later, due to sediment deposition, the lake reclamation gradually became land. The absolute elevation (Yellow Sea elevation) of GuJie district is between 9.1 and 11.6 meters, accounting for 20% of the area under the jurisdiction of Sanhe Town.

hydrographic features

Sanhe ancient town is the water and land transportation hub on the West Bank of Chaohu. It is the largest port in Feixi County. The waterway passes through fengle River and Hangbu River, connecting Shucheng and Lu'an City on the upper side and Chaohu and Yangtze River on the lower side.

scenic spot

overview

Sanhe ancient town is famous for its ancient lanes, streets, bridges, walls, temples, fortresses, houses and teahouses. The main scenic spots are Sanxian bridge, Wangyue bridge, quezhu corridor bridge, wanniantai, Zhongwu Pavilion, Yingwang mansion, etc.

Main attractions

architectural composition

Spatial pattern

The basic pattern of Sanhe ancient town is: outer ring on both sides, facing three continents in the middle. Building houses near the water and extending along the river are long and narrow, surrounded by water, surrounded by three rivers, navigable rivers and lakes, and connected with rivers and polders Fengle River, Xiaonan River and Hangbu River are arranged in the shape of "mouth" around the ancient town. The basic pattern of the block is to take Xiaonan River as the central axis, form streets along the river, take the wharf as the end point and the river channel as the edge, and radiate into several ancient commercial streets.

With "streets and Alleys" as the skeleton, it connects many narrow alleys and strings together a piece of residential buildings. The streets and alleys are relatively regular, with central axis and clear boundary. The system of streets and alleys is dendritic. The main street and branch alleys are connected by "ten" characters. The ancient town is above the Sanhe river embankment. A Qingshiban road is left in the middle to form the ancient street. It is divided into three main streets: South Street, North Street and West Street. The streets and branch alleys constitute the main traffic arteries of the ancient town.

Taking "architecture" as the node, there are ancient battlefield relics of Taiping army at both ends of the ancient town. The city wall, Fort and deep and wide river channel can not only supply goods, but also have defense function.

Architectural style

Layout features

The building volume of Sanhe ancient town is generally 1-2 floors, the first floor is for the shop, the second floor is for the house, and most of them are for the shop in front and the house in back, mixed with the square house. The architectural layout of the ancient town is composed of "courtyard" as the basic unit. It is mainly composed of Sanheyuan and siheyuan. There are courtyard in the north and courtyard in the south. The courtyard faces south in the north, and the layout is axisymmetric. The plane form is mainly "concave", "Hui", "H" and "Ri". "Concave" plane means three rooms with one entrance, the patio is in front, the hall is in the back, and the left and right wing rooms are on both sides; "Hui" plane means four in one, three rooms with two entrances, which is a combination of two groups of three rooms. The patio is in the middle, the hall is in the back, and the four wing rooms are in four corners; "H" plane means three rooms with two entrances, the middle is a combination of two three rooms, and the patio is in the south There are two halls in the north and two halls in the middle, and the four wing rooms are located on both sides of the hall. The "sun" shaped plane refers to three rooms and three entrances. There are patios between the first entrance and the second entrance, and between the second entrance and the third entrance, which is the vertical juxtaposition of the two "concave" shaped planes. In the large-scale residential buildings, the second floor is equipped with zhuanxin building, which is a circular cloister around the patio. Standing on the fence, you can hear the speech from the opposite and up and down clearly, which has the characteristics of courtyard style Huizhou style architecture. The top of the dwellings is built with an inward concave roof, which is the unique spatial form of the ancient dwellings in Jianghuai area.

 

Color features

Sanhe folk house is composed of its unique five colors of black, white, gray, brown and yellow, which can be divided into indoor and outdoor architectural color forms. The color of outdoor architecture is mainly composed of black, yellow and gray. The gray black tile and gray yellow brick wall are the main components of the external structure color of residential buildings. The color of interior architecture is mainly composed of white, brown red and yellow.

 

structure characteristics

The architecture of Sanhe ancient town is constructed by lifting beam and crossing bucket. The beam frame structure is either one or a mixture of the two. The architecture of Sanhe ancient town is characterized by traditional wooden structure. In terms of material selection and craftsmanship, the roof, walls, doors and windows, and floor paving all adopt traditional Chinese forms. The roof of Sanhe ancient town is paved with small green tiles. The structure is thinner than that in the north, and there is no double-layer tile in the north. The practice is relatively simple. Basically, the rafters are set at equal distance on the purlin, and fixed with leech nails. The green tiles are set on the top panel, and the top tiles are combined with the top tiles and the buckle tiles. The vertical arrangement is straight. The external wall is made of local small green tiles. The external wall is built with the sill window as the boundary, and the bottom is solid wall The upper part is the empty bucket wall. The brick of the empty bucket wall is hollow brick. The hollow part is filled with broken brick or grass mud and other debris. The wall made of it is material saving, light weight, heat insulation and sound insulation. According to the laying method of brick surface, wall brick can be divided into sleeping brick, small brick and bucket brick. The main forms are one sleeping one bucket type, one sleeping three bucket type, single standing brick without sleeping empty bucket type and double small brick without sleeping empty bucket type. The vertical joints of the upper and lower leather bricks are staggered, and the middle is pointed with white caulking agent. The panel door is assembled by several pieces of wood, and the original door studs, door furniture and other iron parts on the panel door. The lattice doors and windows are mainly made of traditional wood materials with some stone materials. The main street and Branch Lane are paved with bluestone slabs of different sizes. The short edges of bluestone slabs are arranged along the direction of the street. Small bluestone slabs are used for transition at some corners and intersections.

 

Material characteristics

The architecture and building components of the ancient town show a more extensive and heavy architectural style of Northern Anhui. The wall decoration types of ancient dwellings in the ancient town are mainly white wall and grey brick fair faced wall, but not all the walls are painted white wall, only the fire sealing wall is left white, and the whole wall is made of green brick to avoid falling off. The roof treatment of Sanhe ancient town mainly includes hard mountain type and ladder type. The hard mountain style is like the word "human", and the gable does not stand out; the ladder style is like the word "product", and the gable is less than one fold, and more than four folds. The two ends of the horse head wall are shaped like magpie tails. The horse head wall, which is arranged in an orderly way and reflects black and white, can not only prevent fire, but also separate households. In the visual sense, people can enjoy the beauty of rhythm with clear, simple, elegant and distinct layers.

 

Decorative features

The door covers, leaky windows, window lattice columns and other components of Sanhe ancient dwellings are simple in shape, and the doors and windows of some large households are exquisite in workmanship. There are not many animal and plant patterns in the completely realistic technique. Generally, they are decorative patterns after exaggeration and deformation, which are more simple and clumsy. For example, the door inside the middle hall of Xinglong pawnshop of Liu Tong. The pattern of lattice flower with the word "Jing" in the center of the frame; the decoration of the skirt board is carved with the word "Shou", surrounded by four bats; the pattern of relief flower is applied on the tapering board, which breaks the dullness of the whole board and large area panel, showing the exquisite and lively taste; the pattern of ice crack and the pattern of "Jing" in the center of the sill pane.

 

History and culture

Local Customs

customs

Spring Festival

Spring Festival is commonly known as new year

Chinese PinYin : San He Gu Zhen