Gulongzhong

Located 15 kilometers to the west of Xiangyang City, Gulongzhong is the seclusion place of Zhuge Liang, a famous statesman and militarist in the Three Kingdoms period. It is here that the story of "Liu Bei's three visits to the thatched cottage" of the Three Kingdoms takes place, and it is here that the popular "Longzhong Dui" comes out.

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Gulongzhong

Gulongzhong scenic spot is located in the West Mountain ring arch, 13 kilometers west of Xiangyang City, Hubei Province. According to Yu Di Zhi, "those in Longzhong are also in the air. There is a sound in the sky Longzhong is named for this. The famous historical events of Liu Bei's three visits to Maolu and the blueprint of prospering the Han Dynasty "Longzhong strategy" all took place here. There is Hubei University of Arts and Sciences (formerly Xiangfan University) in the scenic area.

With an area of 209 square kilometers, Gulongzhong scenic spot is a secluded place for Zhuge Liang and his uncle, an outstanding statesman, militarist and thinker in the Three Kingdoms period. In 1994, it was approved by the State Council as a national key scenic spot, and in 1996, it was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

On January 7, 2020, Gulongzhong of Xiangyang was approved as a national AAAAA scenic spot by the Ministry of culture and tourism.

Historical evolution

Gulongzhong is a place where Zhuge Liang, an outstanding statesman, militarist, inventor and litterateur lived in seclusion in his youth.

Zhuge Liang held his knees, chanted high, and cultivated Longmu for 10 years. Zhuge Liang was originally from Langya, Shandong Province. He lost his parents when he was young. Later, he went to Jingzhou with his uncle. His uncle died when he was 17 years old. He came to Longzhong, Xiangyang to study hard and pay attention to the world affairs. He is known as "Wolong" because he "compares himself with Guan Zhong and Yue Yi". Later, Liu Bei looked at Mao Lu three times and Zhuge Liang comprehensively analyzed the situation of the separatist regime of the world, and proposed the strategy of dividing the world three times and then ruling the world. This is the famous "Longzhong Dui".

In 208 A.D., the second year after Zhuge Liang left Longzhong, Xiangyang was occupied by Cao Cao. Until the Western Jin Dynasty unified the whole country, Xiangyang was under the jurisdiction of Cao Cao. During this period, Zhuge Liang's former residence in Longzhong had been neglected. After the unification of the whole country in the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, repeatedly asked his subordinates about Zhuge Liang.

During the Yongxing period of Jin Dynasty (304-306 AD), Zhennan General Liu Hong went to Longzhong to pay homage to Zhuge's former residence and ordered Li Xing to join the army to write a memorial to Zhuge's prime minister, which became the first tablet in Longzhong to commemorate Zhuge Liang.

In the fifth year of Shengping in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (361 AD), Jingzhou governor Biejia and historian Xi Zaochi came to Longzhong and wrote an inscription on the former residence of Zhuge Marquis Wu. At this time, there was a memorial hall for Zhuge in Longzhong.

In 437 A.D., Sheng Hongzhi wrote Jingzhou Ji, which said, "ten miles northwest of Xiangyang, named Longzhong, has Zhuge Kongming house." Another record: "there is a well five feet deep and five feet wide, which is called Ge well. There are three rooms in front of the hall. The base is very high. The cloud is a summer resort. In the west of the house, there is a mountain facing the water, which is often visited by Kong Ming. The Guse is called "Liang Fu Yin", so it is called Leshan. " After Zhuge Liang's family left Longzhong, there was a family surnamed Dong who lived in the thatched cottage. Because of the decline of his family, later generations did not dare to rest.

From the fourth year of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty to the second year of zhongdatong (523-530 AD), Bao Zhi wrote the chronicle of nanyong Prefecture, which recorded that he witnessed "the old residence of Zhuge Liang in Longzhong", "the present residence is here", and "there is an old well, but now there is no water". Bao Zhi also recorded that "in Qi Jianwu (494-498 AD), someone worked on a well and got a stone pillow, one foot two inches high and nine inches long, which was offered to the king of Jin'an."

In the 10th year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (857 A.D.), Li Jingrang, the governor of Xiangzhou, maintained Longzhong temple and erected a monument to Zhuge Gong, the Prime Minister of Shu. (according to Wang Xiangzhi's Yu Di Bei Ji Mu of the Southern Song Dynasty: "the tablet of Zhuge Gong, the Prime Minister of Tang and Shu, was written by Li Jingrang in the third year of Dazhong (should be the tenth year of Dazhong), and is now in Longzhong.")

In the fifth year of Guanghua (AD 900), Zhuge Kongming was granted the title of King Wuling, and a stele was erected to replace it with the title of King Wuling of Zhuge Liang

In the third year of Jin Tianfu in the Five Dynasties (938 A.D.), the learning Hall of Wuling king in Longzhong was completed, and a monument was carved to record the event. The inscription was written by Li guangtu, the observer judge of an Congjin, the governor of Xiangzhou in Tianfu. According to Fu Zhai Bei Lu: "records of Wu Ling Wang's academic study hall in Wolong mountain", written by Li guangtu, is the official script, with an unknown seal character. July in the third year of Tianfu. (recorded in Yu Di Ji Sheng)

Zeng Gong (1019-1079 AD), a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, went to Longzhong and wrote the poem "Longzhong" when he was an official in Xiangzhou (Xiangyang).

Su Shi, a famous writer and statesman of the Northern Song Dynasty (1037-1101 A.D.), went to Kaifeng from Jingmen in Hubei Province in 1060 A.D. and traveled to Longzhong in Xiangyang. He wrote the famous poem Longzhong: "ZHUGE came to the west, and his love has not declined for a thousand years. It's very sad for the tourists to visit their hometown. Who said Xiangyang wild, born of this Wancheng division

In the fourth year of Qiandao reign of emperor Xiaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1168 AD), the court of the Southern Song Dynasty granted the Zhugeliang temple in Longzhong the title of "Yinghui temple and Renji Temple". According to Yu Di Ji Sheng of the Southern Song Dynasty, "ZHUGE Weilie Wuling Renji king temple is located in Fulong mountain of Xiangyang County, and was granted Wuling king in the fifth year of Guanghua of Tang Dynasty. In the fourth year of the reign of emperor Qiandao, he was ordered to give the Yinghui Temple an additional name of benevolence. Li Yu has a poem that says: Yin Jin Yun Yu, Kong Ming Yin long Zhong. He also said, "take care of Xiang Fei and turn himself in to Tian she Weng."

During the Chunxi period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1174-1189 AD), Liu Guangzu, a Jinshi from Yang'an, Sichuan Province, and a direct Bachelor of xianmoge, traveled from Sichuan to Lin'an (Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) to pay a special visit to the former residence of Zhuge in Longzhong, and wrote the article of sacrificing Zhuge Liang.

During the Zhizheng period of the Yuan Dynasty (1341-1368), Guangde Temple academy moved to Longzhong, known as Longzhong Academy.

During the Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty (1465-1487), "ten Longzhong Scenic Spots" were formed. In the early years of Chenghua, Wu Shou, an observer of Jingnan Road, repaired Longzhong and built a "Sangu hall" with statues of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.

In the second year of Hongzhi (1489 AD) of emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Jianshu, king of Jian, who was the king of Xiangyang, envied the wonderful landscape of Longzhong and the good geomantic omen of Longzhong, so he chose Longzhong as his graveyard. He played the role of the emperor, named Longzhong as "fan Ling", and changed Longzhong mountain into a mountain. The mountain opposite to Longzhong mountain across the valley was named Mian Shan, and the mountain to the East was named Qishan, which was used as a foil to set off the mountain of fan Ling. He destroyed Zhuge thatched cottage and built another one in the left arm of Longzhong mountain. The original civil buildings, especially the stone inscriptions from the two Jin Dynasties to the Tang and Song Dynasties, were completely destroyed. This is the biggest catastrophe Zhuge Liang has suffered in Longzhong for more than 1200 years since he left. After Zhu Jianshu's death, Zhu Jianshu, his second son, King Guanghua, took charge of Xiangyang's affairs temporarily. Zhu and Shi Linguang, the left chief of Xiangyang Prefecture, invited Yu Chao to rebuild Wuhou Temple in the "left open area" of Longzhong mountain. And the emperor of Qin said: "Longzhong Liang temple is known and worshipped in Tang, song and Yuan Dynasties, which is not the ratio of heretical temples." "in the early years, the king of Jian Mu long, Zhongshan Jiaqi, chose it as the tomb site. Later generations could not understand the king's wishes and moved Zhuge Liang temple to the left arm of the mountain. The land is not suitable, the temple is small, the God is disturbed, and the people are not blessed. Ten steps to the east of Longzhong, there is a hollow in the mountain. I want to move the liangmiao to build it. " (see "Xiangyang County annals. Ancestral rites (Ming Xiangwang Chongwei SAGES)")

In the second year of Zhengde (1507), Zhu houzhao, Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, approved the construction of the temple and granted the temple "Zhongwu".

In 1525 A.D., Xu Xian, a Jinshi of Zhengde, was appointed as the magistrate of Xiangyang. He visited Zhuge Liang's former residence in Longzhong. When he saw that the temple of marquis Wu had "Qiuai worship" (low-lying and narrow, with sloping houses), "he was shocked by it." so he and Shi wangxiu jointly initiated the renovation of Zhuge Wu Temple. (see Ming Zheng Jie's "rebuilding the temple of marquis Wu of Zhuge").

In the 20th year of Wanli (1529) of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zhen, a senior official of the central constitution and the governor of the duchayuan Association, rebuilt Wuhou Temple, acquired the temple property, built more buildings, and set up a piece of "rebuilt stele", which recorded the situation after Longzhong was destroyed by Xiangjian king. Zhuge Liang's portrait is the earliest existing one in China.

In the 19th year of Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1540), a stele of thatched cottage was erected in Longzhong. Jiang Hui, a famous calligrapher at that time, wrote "thatched cottage" on the front and "Long Wo Chu" on the back. The monument is now in good condition.

In 1643, Li Zicheng led the peasant uprising army to conquer Xiangyang, changed Xiangyang into Xiangjing, and established the peasant revolutionary regime, which was called Xinshun king. The uprising army killed the vassal king and excavated the tomb of Xiangjian king, which superstitious geomancy destroyed Zhuge Liang's former residence, creating conditions for the restoration of Longzhong's original appearance.

In the 38th year of Kangxi (1699), Yunxiang observation made Jiang Xingqi rebuild the temple of marquis Wu in Longzhong.

In the 59th year of Kangxi (1720), the Xiangyang observation made Zhao Hongen rebuild the temple of marquis Wu based on the destruction of the fan mausoleum by the uprising army in the late Ming Dynasty, and set up a thatched cottage Pavilion at the original site of the thatched cottage.

Yongzheng seven years (1729 years) Xiangyang government affairs Yinhui a rebuilt Longzhong Wuhou Temple.

In the 22nd year of Qianlong reign (1757), Li Minxue rebuilt the temple of marquis Wu in Longzhong.

From the 14th to the 19th year of Guangxu period (1888-1893), the Minister of the Ministry of war, the imperial envoy of Youdu, governor of Huguang, and governor of Hubei, Cheng Wenbing, rebuilt the Wuhou Temple in Longzhong, built a new Baoxi Pavilion and a new "Gulongzhong" archway.

In 1932, Jiang Zhongzheng visited lung

Chinese PinYin : Gu Long Zhong