Prince's Mansion

Alcohol Palace

synonym

Alcohol Prince's residence generally refers to alcohol Prince's residence

Prince Chun mansion is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is a large-scale palace in Qing Dynasty. It used to be the residence of Nalan Mingzhu and Yongyu. In 1872, Yi Chen, the prince of alcohol, became the owner of the house, hence the name of the mansion. After the historical process of Qing Dynasty from prosperity to decline, the mansion of alcohol King carries extremely rich historical and cultural information.

After the founding of new China, the mansion is now owned by the State Bureau of religious affairs and the Chinese Association for religious and cultural exchanges; in 1981, the garden of King Chun's Mansion (former residence of Song Qingling) was opened to the public.

Alcohol palace is divided into East and West three roads, which are composed of a number of quadrangles, followed by a two-story back covered building. The three buildings on the middle road are the main body of the mansion, one is the main hall, the other is the back hall, and the third is the extension building. The last part of the palace is the garden.

geographical position

The mansion and garden are located at No. 44 and No. 46, north of Houhai, Xicheng District. The mansion faces south, covering an area of nearly 40000 square meters. The mansion is composed of three courtyards: five main gates, five main halls (yin'an Hall), five East and West Wing buildings, and three Hall. After the hall, a group of separate courtyards is formed, with five back bedrooms and East and West rooms, and nine back covered buildings behind the courtyard. The East road is the ancestral temple and Buddhist hall, and another group of courtyards outside the east wall, which is the horse's name of the palace In the west of the residence is a garden with green pines and cypresses, green grass and a bay of clear water flowing through it. Pavilions and pavilions are distributed along the lake, forming a peaceful and quiet garden.

History of the palace

The history of this garden can be traced back to the early Qing Dynasty. It used to be the residence garden of the great scholar of Kangxi Dynasty. His eldest son, Nalan Chengde, a famous poet in the early Qing Dynasty, was born here. In the late period of Qianlong Dynasty, the Prime Minister of power, he Yao, was good at power. He coveted the treasure and the beautiful house garden of Mingzhu's family. He repeatedly attempted to extort from Cheng An, the descendant of Mingzhu. He was accused of weaving and confiscating his family property. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Renzong gave the house to his elder brother, the famous calligrapher, Prince Chengzhe Yongyu. According to the regulations of the Royal Palace, the house was rebuilt for the purpose of getting married. During the reign of Guangxu, it was given to Prince Yi Chen as his residence.

Yi Chen's former royal residence was in the East Lane of Taiping Lake in Xicheng District (now the Central Conservatory of Music). Because Emperor Guangxu was born in this mansion and became a hidden residence, Prince Chun moved out after Guangxu took over the throne. Therefore, Prince Chun's former residence in Taiping Lake was called Nanfu, and the new residence in the north of Houhai was called Beifu.

After Tongzhi died, zaitan, the son of Prince Chun, ascended the throne and changed the reign of Guangxu. Alcohol Prince food Prince double salary, Wang Jue hereditary. In the 16th year of Guangxu (1890), Yi Chen passed away and was entitled to the imperial temple. He was known as "the emperor was born to be a prince of virtue" and his son was named zaifeng. Zaifeng (1883-1951), whose name is Bohan, is yichenzi. In the 16th year of Guangxu (1890), he was the prince of alcohol, the father of emperor Xuantong, and the Regent of the state. In the 34th year of Guangxu (1908), Dezong died, and zaifeng's son Puyi (1906-1967) joined Datong. Zaifeng was the Regent of the state. The palace became the residence of Prince Chun and Regent zaifeng. The last emperor Puyi was born here. After Puyi became the succeeding emperor, he was appointed Regent of the state. Therefore, the government house was also called Regent house.

Zaifeng built a new Regent's palace in Zhongnanhai according to the regulations. Before the revolution of 1911 broke out, zaifeng resigned and lived in Tianjin for a long time.

After the liberation of Beijing, zaifeng sold all the houses in his residence to the Senior Industrial School attached to the Ministry of heavy industry in September 1949. Later, the Ministry of health took part of the residence as the office. In May 1984, the residence was announced as the third batch of cultural relics protection units in Beijing.

At present, the main hall is the State Bureau of religious affairs, the stables are the city's second deaf mute school, and the east end is the prince's temple and the family temple Longhua temple. The former Prince Chun's residence in Taiping Lake is located in Fuxingmen Central Conservatory of music. The garden in the west of the mansion of Prince Chun Qin, because Song Qingling, the honorary president of the people's Republic of China, moved in from 1963 to die on May 29, 1981, worked and lived here for 19 years. After her death, in February 1982, as the former residence of Comrade Song Qingling in Beijing, the park was announced as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units and opened to the public.

Distribution of Wangfu

South Mansion

Prince Chun's South residence is located in the east of Taiping Lake in Xicheng District. It was originally Prince Rong's residence. Yongqi, the fifth son of Emperor Gaozong, was granted the title of Prince Rong in 1765. The mansion faces south and is divided into middle road, East Road, West Road and garden. Now there are three rooms in the Middle Road, with eight character screen walls on both sides, and two doors from east to west to east courtyard. On the Middle Road, a new auditorium was built, and two courtyard houses were preserved. The courtyard on the east road is well preserved, and most of the ancient buildings on the West Road are demolished. During the period of the Republic of China, Wang Fu was rebuilt as a college of the Republic of China. It was used by the government in the 1950s. Wangfu starts from Baojia street, West Bank of Taiping Lake and Xicheng wall in the East, from the southwest section of today's Dongli of Taiping Lake in the south to Toutiao of Zongmao Hutong in the north. It is now the Central Conservatory of music and a cultural relic protected in Xicheng District.

North Mansion

In the East is the palace itself, which is divided into East, middle and West roads. Middle road is the main building, from south to north, with 5 streets. After entering the outer courtyard, there are two gates. This gate is the main gate of the palace, with a width of 5 rooms. After that, it was the main hall, yin'an hall, with five rooms in width and five rooms in East and West. At the back of the main hall is a group of houses with their own courtyards, which enter from three halls. At the front are five main rooms and their supporting rooms. According to regulations, this place should belong to the back bedroom. Finally, there is the back cover building, which has a width of 9 rooms. All kinds of celebrations are held here. Later, it became a shrine for gods, Buddhas and ancestors. The buildings on the East Road are mainly family Ci, Buddhist hall and some subordinate buildings. The courtyard outside the east wall is the Royal Palace horse. There are two groups of courtyards juxtaposed on the West Road, which is the activity center of alcohol palace. The main building is Baohan hall, namely the big study. Later, the courtyard was named jiusitang, the residence of Taiji, and Siqian hall, the residence of the princess. In addition, Ren Zhentang, a small study for children, and other subordinate buildings. Beifu is one of the best preserved Wangfu in the city. Beijing cultural relics protection unit.

Chun Wang Fu Garden

Wangfu garden as a whole is rectangular, covering an area of nearly 27000 square meters, equivalent to 40 mu. Among them, the mountainous area is about 5500 square meters, the water surface area is about 3400 square meters, the land area is about 5700 square meters, the open land in the north and west of the garden is about 8200 square meters, and the rest is about 4000 square meters.

The park was originally surrounded by rockeries made of man-made earth and stone, but the mountains in the East were very small. In this way, the part of the mansion has a stronger sense of integration with the garden, and it is convenient to enjoy the garden scenery in the mansion. In addition, according to Mr. Pu Ren's article "alcohol Prince's house on the North Bank of Houhai", the eastern mountain is near the garden gate, which is a mountain screen, so its main function is to block the view and the view corridor from the northeast to the South after entering the garden. The inner side of Huayuan mountain is surrounded by water surface. The north, East and west sides are canals. The south side is excavated into a wide water surface, which is called Nanhu. The water banks are built with stones. In this way, the landscape pattern of "mountains around water" will be formed in the garden.

From the use function, the garden building is roughly divided into two parts: the southern sightseeing area and the northern recreation area. The buildings have no obvious axis, and are distributed in points, lines and sheets. The garden sightseeing area consists of a bamboo Pavilion on the southeast corner of Nanshan Mountain, a rain listening house on the southwest corner of Nanshan Mountain, a South Tower on the north side of Nanshan Mountain and Nanhu lake. The recreation area consists of two groups of courtyards. East Road two into the courtyard, namely the first into the courtyard entertainment function of the theater building (has been removed, the original hanging "Haoliang fun" plaque) and yishoutang (now hanging Haoliang fun plaque). The second entrance to the hospital is the living room, the open-ended room and the East-West wing room. West Road is a group of courtyard buildings. The courtyard of West Road is small in scale, which is supposed to be a subsidiary service building. When it was used as the residence of Soong Ching Ling, it was changed into the main building of Soong Ching Ling's daily life. Listening to opera is one of the main forms of entertainment from the royal family to the common people in the Qing Dynasty. It is a common example that the royal family and the princes and nobles build a theater building in the entertainment area. In the northern gardens, such as the ningshou palace built by Emperor Qianlong, the main building on the east road is a three story theater building, and there is also a big theater stage on the East Road in the flower garden of Prince Gong's mansion. The West Road of qingwangfu garden, which was built a little later than the garden of alcohol palace, also has a large theater building, and so on. Without exception, these stages and theaters are separated from the tourist buildings and become a separate area. In addition, the sightseeing area and the recreation area are connected by a long corridor, which is decorated with Enbo Pavilion and corridor bridge.

Regent's house

Located in the northwest corner of Zhongnanhai, it faces the wall on both sides in the northwest. It was originally located outside the Xiyuan wall. When the Xiyuan was expanded in the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, it was enclosed in Zhongnanhai and canchikou Catholic Church was moved to Xishiku. Empress Dowager Cixi planned to build a new garden "jilingyuan" here, but it has not started. In 1909, it was allocated to Tsai Feng, the Regent, to build the Regent's house. The Regent's house is similar to the old alcohol King's house (North House), including middle road, East Road, West 1st Road, West 2nd Road and west garden. The project cost 2.06 million taels of silver. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, the Royal Palace was not yet completed, but later it became the office of the State Council. After 1918, it became Xu Shichang's presidential palace, the Ministry of the army and the Ministry of the Navy, and the Beiping municipal government. After 1949, it was changed into the office area of the State Council

Chinese PinYin : Chun Qin Wang Fu