Tonglushan ancient copper mine site

Tonglushan ancient copper mine site museum is the first special museum reflecting the history of ancient mining and metallurgy science and technology in China. Located in Daye County, Huangshi City, Hubei Province. It was completed and opened in December 1984. The museum exhibition hall is 36 meters long, 30 meters wide and 14 meters high. The 400 square meter archaeological excavation site clearly shows 70 shafts, 66 lanes, 1 blind shaft and 1 inclined shaft maintained by wooden tenon frame support in the spring and Autumn period. They are crisscross and overlapped layer upon layer, which reproduces the situation of mining ore at that time. Drainage tunnel and wooden water, winding between them. The ancient copper mine site was found in the open pit mining of Tonglushan mine. There are 12 proven ore bodies in the mining area, which were mined in different degrees in ancient times. According to the residual slag, it is estimated that about 80000-100000 tons of copper will be produced. From the spring of 1974 to the summer of 1985, the Department of archaeology carried out scientific excavation in cooperation with the mine production. Hundreds of mining shafts and roadways maintained by wooden supports with different structures and a number of copper smelting shaft furnaces from the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early spring and Autumn period were cleared, and various production tools needed for manual mining were also unearthed. The state has listed the site as a national key cultural relic protection unit, and has decided to keep some representative ancient mineral remains for a long time, and the pressed mineral deposits will not be mined. The Ancient Copper Mine Museum is built on the archaeological excavation site of a mining site in the spring and Autumn period.

Tonglushan ancient copper mine site

Tonglushan ancient copper mine site is located 3 kilometers southwest of Daye City, Hubei Province, covering an area of 2 square kilometers. Tonglushan ancient mining and smelting site is a copper mining and smelting site from the early Shang Dynasty to the Han Dynasty. The latest archaeological discovery of Tonglushan mining date can be traced back to the early Xia Dynasty and was excavated in 1973. In 1982, the State Council announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit in China. There are two periods of copper mining and smelting sites in Tonglushan. The early period is the spring and Autumn period or earlier, and the late period is from the Warring States period to the Han Dynasty. Tonglushan is rich in copper and iron deposits, and the ancient ore wells are mainly concentrated in the contact zone between marble and igneous rock. The copper grade of the ore in the oxidation enrichment zone can reach 5% ～ 8%, mainly including malachite, hematite and native copper. In order to excavate copper ore, ancient craftsmen dug shafts, alleys and blind shafts, and supported them with wooden frames, using lifting, ventilation, drainage and other technologies.

On November 15, 2018, Tonglushan ancient copper mine site was listed in the second batch of national industrial heritage list.

essential information

[name of scenic spot] Tonglushan ancient copper mine site (Tonglushan ancient mining and metallurgy site)

[address] Daye City, Huangshi, Hubei Province

[mining time] early Xia Dynasty

brief introduction

Tonglushan ancient mining and smelting site is a copper mining and smelting site from the early Shang Dynasty to the Han Dynasty. The latest archaeological discovery of Tonglushan mining date can be traced back to the early Xia Dynasty. Tonglushan is located about 4km southwest of Daye City, Huangshi, Hubei Province, covering an area of 2 square kilometers. It was excavated in 1973 and announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relic protection unit in 1982. In 1984, a museum of ancient copper mine sites was built in Tonglushan. In 1994, it was included in the preparatory list of world cultural heritage. In December 2006, he was removed from the list of world cultural heritage candidates for 10 years. On August 19, 2010, the Tonglushan ancient copper mine site museum was renovated and reopened. On November 17, 2012, the "Huangshi mining and metallurgy industrial heritage" composed of Tonglushan ancient copper mine site, Hanyeping coal and iron mine site, Huaxin Cement plant site and Daye iron mine open pit was selected into the "China world cultural heritage preliminary list", and was re selected after six years.

Specific introduction

There are two periods of copper mining and smelting sites in Tonglushan. The early period is the spring and Autumn period or earlier, and the late period is from the Warring States period to the Han Dynasty. Tonglushan is rich in copper and iron deposits, and the ancient ore wells are mainly concentrated in the contact zone between marble and igneous rock. The copper grade of the ore in the oxidation enrichment zone can reach 5% ～ 8%, mainly including malachite, hematite and native copper. In order to excavate copper ore, ancient craftsmen dug shafts, alleys and blind shafts, and supported them with wooden frames, using lifting, ventilation, drainage and other technologies. In the spring and Autumn period, the length and width of the wooden square frame were about 60 cm; in the Warring States period, the diameter of the frame was 110-130 cm, and the windlass was used to lift the ore and draw the groundwater. Mining tools include axe, chisel, hoe, drill, etc. only bronze tools were unearthed in the spring and autumn mines, while iron tools were mostly unearthed in the Warring States mines. In addition, there are wooden spades, bamboo baskets, Rattan Baskets, ropes, wooden hooks, wooden troughs, buckets, spoons and other appliances. The cleaned copper smelting furnace in the spring and Autumn period consists of furnace base, hearth and furnace body. There is an air channel under the furnace base, which can ensure the temperature of hearth during smelting. The hearth is equipped with a gold gate for discharging copper and slag. The furnace has a blast port. Near the smelting furnace, there are shed relics, stone anvil and stone ball for gravel, processed ore, pottery and copper blocks, etc. The simulation experiment shows that the shaft furnace can continuously charge, continuously discharge slag and intermittently discharge copper, with good performance, long furnace life and simple operation. The daily copper output of each furnace is no less than 300 kg. The total amount of ancient furnace slag exceeds 400000 tons. The test results show that the acidity of the slag is suitable and the copper content is only 0.7%, which indicates that the copper smelting technology in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty has reached a fairly high level.

Address: Tonglushan ancient copper mine site, Daye City, Huangshi City, Hubei Province

Longitude: 114.9465

Latitude: 30.07622

Ticket information: 37 RMB

Opening hours: 08:00 ~ 17:00

Chinese PinYin : Tong Lv Shan Gu Tong Kuang Yi Zhi