Pearl

Pearl

(Kaibao materia medica)

[synonyms] Zhenzhu, Zhenzhu, bengzhu, Zhuzi, Lianzhu.

[source] it is a kind of nucleate free pearl formed in Pearl sacs of molluscs, such as pearl oyster, Pinctada martensii, or Hyriopsis cumingii, crista plicata, Anodonta dorsalis.

[animal morphology] 1. Pearl oyster, also known as pearl oyster.

There are 2 shells, large and thick, slightly round; the left and right shells are not equal, and the left shell is larger than the right shell. The length of the shell is almost equal to the height, usually about 10-15 cm long, up to 20 cm large. There is a depression in front of the right top of the shell, which is the outlet of the foot silk. There are two ears in front of and behind the top of the shell, and the posterior ear is larger. The surface of the shell is dark brown. The left shell is slightly convex, the right shell is flat, and the top of the shell is smooth and green. The other parts are covered with concentric scales, which extend outwards to form spines. Some scales are serrated, pale white; serrated scales fall off in the middle of the shell, leaving obvious traces of radiation. The inner surface of the shell has thick nacre, iridescent color and yellowish brown edge. There are 1-2 main teeth under the top of the shell. The ligaments are slender and purplish brown. Adductor muscle scar is large, oblong, slightly gourd shaped. The coat marks are simple, tongue like and silk like.

They live in the warm sea and attach to rocks or coral reefs with their feet. It is distributed along the coast of Paracel Islands, Hainan, Guangxi and Guangdong.

② Pinctada martensii

The shell is square and 5-9 cm long. The top of the shell is in the front, the posterior ear is large, and the anterior ear is small. The dorsal margin is straight and the ventral margin is round. The edge of the scaly layer is close, the end is slightly tilted, and there is an obvious foot filament depression under the anterior ear of the right shell. The shell surface is light yellow, concentric growth ring lines are very fine and dense, flake, thin and brittle, easy to fall off, often worn in the middle of the shell, closely arranged at the back edge, extending into a small tongue shape, and the end is cocked up. The inner surface of the shell has a thick nacre layer, strong luster and yellowish edge. The scar of adductor muscle is oblong.

They live in the bay where the waves are relatively calm and the seabed where there are more sand, mud, reefs or gravel. It is distributed along the coast of Guangdong and Guangxi. At present, there are artificial breeding.

The nacre (mother of Pearl) of the above two kinds of pearl oysters is also used for medicine. See the special article for details.

③ Hyriopsis cumingii, please refer to "meat of Hyriopsis cumingii" for details.

④ Mussel with pleated pattern, see "mussel meat" for details.

⑤ Anodonta dorsalis, see "mussel meat" for details.

[collection] natural pearls can be collected all year round, especially in December. Pick up the pearl mussel from the sea, dissect the Pearl and wash it.

The cultured seedless pearls can be harvested more than one year after inoculation, but the quality of pearls harvested in two years is better. The suitable harvest time is late autumn, because the Pearl secretion of mussel is mainly from April to November.

[medicinal material] it is round, rectangular or irregular, with a diameter of about 1-6 mm. The surface is translucent silver white, yellow white, light pink or light blue, smooth and round, with unique color and luster. The material is hard, and the broken section shows concentric lamination, with a little foreign matter in some centers. There's a crackle when you burn it. Under the ultraviolet lamp, there is light blue purple or light yellow fluorescence, and the periphery is translucent. Odorless, slightly salty. It is better to have large grain, round shape, pearlescent, smooth and fine, and cross-section with lamination.

Natural pearls from marine products are mainly produced in Guangdong and Taiwan, while freshwater cultured pearls are mainly produced in Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai.

[chemical composition] mainly contains calcium carbonate.

The natural pearl of pearl oyster contains 91.72% calcium carbonate, 5.94% organic matter and 2.23% water.

The natural pearls of Pinctada martensii are white and silver, containing 83.71% and 80.82% calcium carbonate, 7.22% and 2.16% magnesium carbonate, 0.54% and 0.56% silicon oxide, 0.35% and 0.15% calcium phosphate, 0.54% alumina and 0.54% iron oxide, 0.89% and 1.26% trace water, and 6.11% and 13.44% organic matter respectively. Compared with natural pearls, cultured pearls contain 94.70% calcium carbonate and very little magnesium carbonate.

The elements in pearls include aluminum, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, sodium, zinc, silicon, titanium, strontium, etc.

[pharmacological action] pearl extract has inhibitory effect on isolated rabbit intestines.

[processing] pearl powder: wash the Pearl, wrap it in cloth, add bean curd and water, cook for about 2 hours, take it out, wash it, mash it, add a little water, grind it into a very fine powder and dry it.

① "Lei Gong's treatise on frying": "(the Pearl) must be taken from the new clean, with silk bags, and then with Sanguisorba officinalis, wuhuapi, wufangcao each four Liang, fine file, and oyster about four or five Jin weight, first placed in a flat bottom pan, with the object four-way to make stable, and then put the Pearl on the top, prescription under three drugs, cage, with slurry boiling for three days and nights, do not let the fire rest, full of the day, with licorice soup clean, in the mortar Fine ramming. He sifted through silk and used it for 20000 times. "

② "The compendium of Medicine:" for those who do not use jewelry or see corpse Qi, soak them in human milk for three days, boil them, and grind them. One method is to put a silk bag into the belly of bean curd and cook it for a long time. "

[flavor] sweet and salty, cold.

① Kaibao materia medica: "cold, nontoxic. "

② "Pinhuijingyao": "tasteless, cold, non-toxic. "

③ "Gangmu": "salty, sweet, cold, non-toxic. "

[Guijing] into the heart and liver channels.

① "Gangmu": entering Jueyin liver meridian. "

② "The classic of entering the heart". "

Functions and indications: calming the heart and calming the mind, nourishing yin and calming the wind, clearing away heat and phlegm, removing yimingmu, detoxifying and invigorating muscles. It is used to treat palpitation, palpitation, epilepsy, convulsion, tetany, febrile thirst, throat obstruction, mouth chancre, eye obstruction and sore for a long time.

① Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu: "treat eye and skin pannus. "

② "Treatise on medicinal properties": "to treat the white film of the eye. It can also drop phlegm. "

③ "Haiyao Materia Medica": "master eyesight, remove face, stop discharge. He Zhimu treats vexed heat and thirst, and treats children's Bran bean sores with zuozhang. "

④ "Rihuazi's materia medica:" peace of mind, bright eyes. "

⑤ Bencao Yanyi: "it is often used in children's convulsive fever medicine. "

⑥ "The compendium of medical science and technology" says: "it can soothe the soul, stop spermatorrhea and white turbidity, and relieve acne and toxin. "

⑦ "Materia medica Huiyan": "calming the heart, calming the mind, calming the soul, detoxifying the toxin, removing the sores, and collecting the internal ulcers. "

⑧ "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": "calcined ash into long meat medicine and soup fire wound application. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: take pills and powder, 2-3 points. External use: grind powder, dry sprinkle, eyedrop or blow throat.

[should avoid] 1. In the classic of materia medica: "do not use it if the disease is not caused by heat. "

② New edition of materia medica: "if the internal toxin of the sore is not purified, it is difficult to stop it if the pearl is used to stimulate the muscles. "

[prescription selection] ① for adults with palpitation, trance, restlessness, and children with uncertain Qi and blood, shock at the touch, or sudden and slow convulsion, epilepsy and tetany: Zhenzhu Yiqian, Fuling, Gouteng, banxiaqu, liquorice, ginseng LiuQian. The sum is even, and the core of longan is big. Take one pill each time, and the ginger soup will melt down. (Ben Cao Hui Yan)

② Treatment of children's cry and night cry more than: Zhenzhumo, fulonggan, dansha each one, musk a money. Tongyan is like powder, refining honey and pills are like mung bean. Waiting for the cry is a pill under warm water. (Zhenzhu pill in Shengji Zonglu)

③ Treatment of pediatric stroke, hand and foot emergency: Zhenzhu end (Shuifei) one or two, plaster end of a money. Each take a money, water seven, fried four, warm, three days. (Sheng Hui Fang)

④ For the treatment of wind, phlegm, fire and toxin, laryngitis, and infantile convulsion: three points for pearl, one point for bezoar. The upper research is very fine, or blowing or mixing; the children's phlegm is taken two or three times with the lamp wick. (medical grade Zhuhuang powder)

⑤ Treat various sores in the mouth: Pearl three money, borax, indigo each one money, borneol five points, Coptis chinensis and Renzhongbai each two money (calcined). On the fine end, all the sores in the mouth can be mixed. (treasure powder of the case of dantai jade)

⑥ Treatment of long-term accumulation of persistent Yi eye, cover pupil: Zhenzhu one or two, Sanguisorba three Liang (file). Boil two large cups of water together until the water is exhausted. Take out the Pearl and soak it in vinegar for five days. Rinse with hot water to make it vinegar free. Each with copper sheath, take a little point on the Yi, to the degree of the Luo. (Sheng Hui Fang)

⑦ In the treatment of wind heat, red veins appear in the eyes, black eyes appear, and flowers appear in the eyes: Pearl, borneol, amber, cinnabar and borax. The same fine grinding, such as powder. Three or five degrees a day, take a little copper sheath and place it on the canthus. (shenghuifang Zhenzhu powder)

⑧ It can cure all kinds of toxic ulcers, such as penetrating tendons and breaking collaterals, rotting muscles and bones, breaking through customs and joints, purulent blood dripping, and ulceration for a long time: Zhenzhu Yiqian (grind extremely fine powder), cytoplasmic coat Yiyi (dry, grind extremely fine powder), one or two white wax, one or two pig fat, melting on the fire, blending with cytoplasmic coat powder and Zhenzhu powder. First, wash the poison sore net with pig's Trotter soup, apply the wax oil medicine gently, and then apply it with lead powder sesame oil plaster. (Ben Cao Hui Yan oil wax)

⑨ For chancre, the skin lesions are rotten, and the pain is extremely intolerable, and the new flesh of various ulcers is full, and the skin can not be raw, and the skin lesions are rotten with soup and fire, and the pain is more than five points for the green jar, one dollar for the Pearl, and one or two for the real light powder. The three flavors are studied for thousands of turns, as fine as flying noodles. If chancre has skin lesions at the beginning, apply it; if it is rotten and painful, wash it with licorice soup and apply it to the pig spinal cord; if the sores do not produce skin, use this dry mixture. And the woman had sores. It can also be applied. The soup splashes the fire to burn the pain to be very, uses the jade red ointment to adjust the liniment. (authentic surgery pearl powder)

⑩ Treatment of hair spots: grind seven beads and mix them with fresh water. (hair spot medicine in Confucian Affairs)

Chinese PinYin : Zhen Zhu