Gleditsia sinensis

Gleditsia sinensis

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] jiqizi (Guangzhi), Zaojiao (behind elbow), dazaojiao (qianjinfang), changzaojiao (materia medica tujing), xuandao (waidan materia medica), changzaojiao (renzhaizhizhifang), dazaojiao (compendium).

[source] it is the fruit of Gleditsia sinensis.

Gleditsia sinensis

Deciduous trees, up to 15 m high. Spines stout, reddish brown, often branched. Leaflets ovate, ovate lanceolate or oblong ovate, 3-8 cm long and 1-3.5 cm wide, apex obtuse, sometimes slightly convex, base obliquely rounded or obliquely cuneate, margin serrate. The flowers are heterozygous, forming axillary and terminal racemes with fine pubescence; calyx campanulate, lobes 4, ovate lanceolate; petals 4, yellowish white, ovate or oblong; stamens 8, 4, long and 4 short; ovary strip, flat. The pods are straight and flat, glossy, purple black, covered with white frost, 12-30 cm long and 2-4 cm in diameter. Seeds numerous, flat, oblong, ca. 10 mm long, reddish brown, glossy. The flowering period is May. The fruiting period is October.

Growing in the village, roadside, sunny and warm place. It is distributed in most parts of the country.

The root bark (Gleditsia sinensis root bark), leaf (Gleditsia sinensis leaf), thorn (Gleditsia sinensis), seed (Gleditsia sinensis seed) and small fruit (Gleditsia sinensis) produced by plant aging or injury are all used for medicine. Please refer to the special provisions for details.

[collection] in autumn, fruits are picked when they are hot and dried in the sun.

[medicinal material] the dried pods are long and flat, or slightly curved, 15-25 cm long, 2-3.5 cm wide and 0.8-1.4 cm thick. The surface is uneven, reddish brown or purplish red, and it is glossy after being wiped off by grayish white powder. The two ends are slightly pointed, the base has short stipe or stipe broken mark, and the dorsal suture protrudes into ridge. It's hard, and it makes a sound when it's shaken. It is light yellow and contains many seeds. The seed is oblate, the outer skin is yellowish brown and smooth, and the quality is firm. It has a pungent smell and sneezes when you smell the powder. It is better to be fat, full and firm.

It is mainly produced in Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong. In addition, it is also produced in Northeast China, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Guangxi and Sichuan.

[chemical constituents] the pod contains triterpenoid saponins and tannins. In addition, it also contains wax alcohol, eicosane, stigmasterol, sitosterol, etc.

The leaves of Gleditsia triacanthos L. are rich in the alkaloid Gleditsia triacanthos.

[pharmacological action] 1. General characteristics of saponins

There are many saponins in plants, at least 400 kinds of plants in 50 different families. It reduces the surface tension. When the solution (1:10000) is shaken, the surface of each bubble can be surrounded by saponins and form a thin film, so the foam will endure indestructible. Similarly, when it comes to oil, it can also form emulsion through saponin film. It can change the permeability of cell surface and become a common protoplasm poison. It has a special affinity for cholesterol and has a strong hemolytic effect (lipid like effect on the surface of blood cells). Cholesterol can resist its hemolytic effect. The toxicity to fish is very strong, and it is seldom absorbed by higher animals, so it mainly stimulates local mucous membrane and increases secretion. However, if the dosage is too large or the gastrointestinal mucosa is damaged or injected, it can produce systemic toxicity and hemolysis, especially affect the central nervous system, spasm first, then paralysis, respiratory central paralysis will lead to death. It has been reported in China that people died of poisoning by taking Gleditsia Sinensis Decoction (200g plus 1 cup of vinegar). The saponins in a large amount of Gleditsia sinensis not only stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa, but also cause vomiting and diarrhea after 10 minutes, and corrode the gastric mucosa, causing absorption poisoning.

② Expectorant effect

Saponin containing drugs can stimulate the gastric mucosa and reflexively promote the secretion of airway mucus, resulting in expectorant effect (nausea expectorant). In cats, Gleditsia sinensis can increase the secretion of respiratory tract, but it is worse than Platycodon grandiflorum and Peucedanum Peucedanum

③ Antibacterial action

In vitro, Gleditsia sinensis has inhibitory effect on some gram negative intestinal pathogens. Its water extract (1:3) also has inhibitory effect on some skin fungi in vitro.

Gleditine and acanthopanax can be used in the treatment of chronic asthma.

[processing] remove impurities, wash and dry. It's time to pound.

[nature and taste] pungent, warm and slightly toxic.

Functions and indications: dispelling wind and phlegm, removing dampness and toxin, killing insects. In the treatment of tuyere eye deviation, head wind headache, cough, phlegm and asthma, intestinal wind, hematochezia, dysentery, carbuncle swelling, stool poison, sores and scabies.

"The book of Materia Medica" says: "it's a good way to relax the atmosphere. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: grind powder or take pills, 3-5 points. External use: Decoction washing, mashing or burning, research and application.

[should avoid] pregnant women should not take it.

[selection] 1. Treatment of apoplexy: one or two Gleditsia sinensis (peeled and seeded, ground and sifted). In three years of great harmony, left slant painted right, right slant painted left, dry more painted. (Qian Jin Fang)

② Cure head wind headache, burst out to die: long Gleditsia a ting (peeled, string, in). Mince, stir fry in honey water, grind into fine powder. Each with 1, 2% into the nose, take a sneeze; and then a point, to Angelica Chuanxiong each one money, fried soup adjustment. (Yu Jushi's selection of strange prescriptions)

③ Treatment of phlegm, asthma and cough: three long Gleditsia pods (peeled and seeded), one pod into Croton 10, one pod into Pinellia 10, one pod into almond 10, with ginger juice almond, sesame oil Croton, honey pinellia, a fire yellow, for the end. With each word, lie down with ginger juice. (Yu Jushi's selection of strange prescriptions)

④ For the treatment of large intestine wind and poison, diarrhea is more than: Gleditsia sinensis (one foot and two inches long) five ting (black skin removed, crisp three Liang, roasted for degrees), ten liang of mutton essence. First, the first time is to beat the Gleditsia Wutong, and then to make the cooked meat with the meat. Take 20 pills under warm water before each meal. (Sheng Hui Fang)

⑤ Cure stool poison carbuncle: Gleditsia angle (with ruler above) a, law vinegar boil rotten, grind into ointment, apply it. (ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fang)

⑥ For the treatment of leprosy caused by strong wind: 20 pieces of Gleditsia sinensis. Stir fry, peel, thicken with wine, filter off the dregs, wait for the cold, add ice-cream, the ball is as big as Wuzi. 50 pills per drink. (renzhaizhizhifang Zaojiao pill)

⑦ Treatment of tinea, scabies or skin numbness, dead muscle, wind obstruction, naughty and other syndromes: 20 pieces of Gleditsia sinensis (peeled, seeded, string). Chop, water 15 bowls, boil into paste. Rub a little on the affected area every day, and then take 10 teaspoons of wolfberry soup. (MA Jingsi's self satisfied prescription)

[clinical application] 1

Take 1-3 yuan of Gleditsia sinensis, grind the superfine powder, mix with honey, add the right amount of boiling water, take it orally frequently (also insist on vomiting), and take it in 1-2 hours. At the same time with intramuscular injection of dongmianling, atropine, aimore, acupuncture Zusanli, Neiguan, Tianshu, etc. After 8-12 hours, 20-30 ml of glycerin or 500-800 ml of 10-20% sodium chloride were used for enema. During the treatment, fasting is needed until the obstruction is relieved; if the vomiting is heavy, fasting time is long, and the balance of water and electrolyte is disordered, it should be corrected. When there are signs of obstruction relief (abdominal mass, abdominal distension, paroxysmal abdominal pain, vomiting disappeared, defecation and exhaust), the Ascaris agent is given. More than 40 cases were observed and the obstruction was relieved within 12-24 hours. Some excreted brown red feces before enema, some mixed with Ascaris lumbricoides; most of them excreted feces or Ascaris lumbricoides after enema. The number of Ascaris was less than 30 and more than 130.

② Treatment of cerumen embolism

Take 1 liang of Gleditsia sinensis, break it into a 1-inch-long segment, add 4000 ml of water, simmer for 2000 ml, filter and add preservatives. For ear drops, 2-3 drops each time. More than 500 cases were treated. The cerumen could be softened in 2-3 hours in the fast one and washed in the same day. The cerumen could be softened and dissolved in 3-4 days in the slowest one.

In addition, Gleditsia powder, Ligustrum lucidum and Senecio scandens were prepared into tablets, which can be used to treat chronic tracheitis.

Chinese PinYin : Zao Jia