Vetiver

Vetiver

(records of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine)

[synonym] Zhuge grass (name of seed plant), citronella angustifolia, xiaoxiangmao grass (Sichuan Traditional Chinese medicine annals), Maocao angustifolia (Chongqing herbal medicine), Xiangmao grass, stinky grass, Jiuye Yuncao, Shecao, Qingye Maocao, yeyuncao (Yunnan herbal medicine), liming grass (Kunming folk herbal medicine).

[source] it is the whole grass of Brassica juncea.

[plant morphology] Vetiver

Perennial herbs. The culms are thin and weak, tufted, 40-160 cm high, erect, nearly glabrous, with swollen nodes. Leaf sheaths glabrous, basal ones often ruptured, upper ones shorter than internodes; ligules obtuse, 2-4 mm long, membranous, apex irregularly ruptured; leaves narrowly linear; 30-70 cm long, 1-6 mm wide, both sides nearly glabrous, with powdery. Pseudopanicles are sparse, narrow, 15-45 cm long; racemes are twin, divaricate or backward after maturity, black purple, 15-30 mm long, with 3-5 nodes and spathes below; rachis internodes are about 3 mm long, margin covered with white pubescence; the same-sex spikelets with stalks are completely degenerated, or only one poorly developed glume with white pubescence; sessile spikelets with white pubescence The first lemma is about 1 / 3 shorter than the glume, and the apex is slightly obtuse; the second lemma is about half of the glume, very narrow, and the apex has 2 cleft teeth; the awn extends from the teeth, about 12 mm long, and the middle part is geniculate; the palea is absent; the stamen is 3, and the anther is 2.5 mm long. The flowering and fruiting period is from September to October.

It grows on hillside grassland. Distributed in Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.

[collection] in late summer and early autumn, the aboveground parts were cut and dried in the sun or air.

[herbal medicine] the dried whole grass is gray green or brown yellow, the stem is thin and weak, 40-110 cm long, nearly hairless, the nodes are swollen, brittle and easy to break; the leaf sheath is nearly hairless, the basal part of the phimosis is broken, the upper part is shorter than the internode; the ligule is blunt and round, membranous, the apex is broken; the leaf is narrow and linear, 30-70 cm long, both sides are nearly hairless. It's fragrant and special. It's stuffy after a long smell. It tastes spicy, and tastes cool.

Produced in Sichuan.

[chemical constituents] the whole herb contains acid saponins, tannins, proteins, mucilaginous substances, bitter substances, sugars and phenolic substances.

The content of volatile oil in fresh grass is 0.7-1.0%, that in leaves is about 1.8%, that in flower axis is about 0.5%, and that in stem is less than 0.05%. The volatile oil contains piperone 40-50%, carene-4:20%, taurol 10%, ethyl taurate 10%, taural and limonene.

(1) antiasthmatic effect

For guinea pigs with bronchogenic spasm induced by histamine spray, volatile oil (Yun oil) contained 2.4 ml / kg of intramuscular injection of volatile oil. The piperonone separated from rue oil had the same or stronger effect at 1.2 ml / kg, while Sodium Bisulfite piperonone had no significant effect. The effects of rutin oil and piperone on isolated guinea pig bronchial smooth muscle were more than twice as much as that of aminophylline. The effect of piperone sodium bisulfite is weak and unstable.

② Antitussive effect

Both rutin oil and piperone (2.4 ml / kg, intramuscular injection) significantly inhibited cough reflex induced by electrical stimulation of superior laryngeal nerve in guinea pigs. When the dose of the latter was reduced by half, its effect was still stronger than that of rutin oil. Sodium bisulfite and piperone had no obvious effect.

The latter has a significant inhibitory effect on the central nervous system of guinea pigs at doses ranging from 2.4 kg / ml to 2.4 kg / ml. Therefore, whether their antitussive effect selectively inhibits the cough center or is due to their general central inhibitory effect remains to be determined.

③ Antibacterial action

Eighteen kinds of bacteria were isolated from the sputum of elderly patients with chronic tracheitis, such as Streptococcus A, Streptococcus B, pneumococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, etc.

It's hard work and cool.

① Sichuan Traditional Chinese medicine annals: "warm in nature, pungent in taste, non-toxic. "

② Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine: "pungent, slightly bitter, slightly cold. "

Functions and indications: relieving exterior symptoms, removing dampness, relieving asthma and relieving cough. It is used to treat heat, cold, gonorrhea, rheumatism, aching muscles and bones, and chronic tracheitis.

① Sichuan Traditional Chinese medicine annals: "it is used to treat rheumatism, aching muscles and bones and abdominal distension. "

② Chongqing herbal medicine: "treating rheumatism and numbness. "

③ Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine: "clearing the heat, clearing the exterior, promoting diuresis and harmonizing the stomach. Treatment of injury, summer, cold, gonorrhea. "

④ Common folk herbs in Kunming: "clearing heat, detoxifying, relieving summer heat, fragrant and invigorating the stomach. For sore throat, heatstroke, stomach fullness, ulcers and ulcers. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 3-5 yuan (1-2 Liang large dose); soak in wine. External use: smoked and washed with boiling water.

[prescription selection] ① treatment of rheumatic muscle and bone pain: Citronella tendon and bone grass, qiannianjian, Caulis Sargentodoxa, shujincao, decocting. (records of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine)

② Cure goose knee wind: a citronella tendon grass, cattle tongue root, Songjie, Shiyan ginger, wine service. (records of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine) two catties of citronella sinensis, Acorus tatarinowii, Achyranthes bidentata, and four taels of wind. Take it orally and wash it externally. (Chongqing herbal medicine)

③ Treatment of cold bone wind, the whole body bone muscles pain, heavy can not walk: Citronella tendon grass 2 to 3 jin. Fry in hot water and smoke it with a broken bamboo mat in the basin. Cover it with a dustpan. After smoking, sweat can be repeated two to three times. Avoid wind after washing. (Chongqing herbal medicine)

[clinical application] treatment of chronic tracheitis

Yuncao has been made into a variety of formulations and widely used. The total effective rate was 81.6-88.8%. The short-term control rate was 7-18.9%, and the marked effective rate was 23.6-45.9%. 595 cases were treated by overwintering. After six months and one year observation, the total effective rate was 75.5%. Compared with the group without overwintering treatment, the curative effect was higher and the recurrence rate was lower. The symptoms of the patients with recurrence were lighter than those in previous years, indicating that Yuncao preparation seems to have the effect of consolidating the curative effect. According to the observation of 217 cases, the effective rate was 92%, the clinical control rate was about 20%, and the markedly effective rate was 38-54%. The average onset time was 15 minutes, and the average maintenance time was 2 hours, 45 minutes to 4 hours, up to 16 hours. It has been proved that yunvanilla preparation has obvious antiasthmatic effect, cough, expectorant is a little less, but also has a certain antibacterial effect. Preparation and usage: yiyuncao extract tablet: 0.3g each tablet, 2-3 tablets each time (if taken together with Yunyou preparation, it can have synergistic effect in treatment); eryunyou capsule: 0.5 or 0.3ml each pill, 2-3 tablets each time after meal; sanpiperone capsule: 0.5 or 0.3ml each pill, 1-2 tablets each time after meal; piperone sodium bisulfite tablets and pills: each tablet（ 3 G sodium bisulfite or 0. 5 g piperone, 1 - 1. 5 g each. For the patients with emphysema and acidosis, the acidosis should be corrected first, otherwise the effect is not obvious. The above preparations were taken three times a day, 10 days as a course of treatment. Wuyun vanilla aerosol: each bottle contains 1.5 ml of piperone (can be sprayed 150 times). Three times a day, 3 times a time, continuous inhalation for 10 days. Side effects: oral administration of rutin oil and piperone preparation had gastrointestinal reactions such as heartache, vomiting and heartburn, and a few had swelling and pain of gums and epistaxis. Taking piperone sodium bisulfite preparation, there was no gastrointestinal reaction; only a few patients developed dizziness, headache, palpitation, fatigue, diarrhea, abdominal distension after 2-6 days, but they were mild, which did not affect the continued medication. When aerosol was used, some patients had temporary cough.

Chinese PinYin : Yun Xiang Cao