Pomelo

Pomelo

(notes to the classic of Materia Medica)

[synonyms] Tiao (Erya), Leiyou (Guangzhi), Youzi (Tao Hongjing), Hugan (tangbencao), Chou orange (edible materia medica), Chou you (Guihai yuhengzhi), zhuluan (zhuluan), xiangluan (Gangmu), Pao (wuzazu), Bao (min You Ji Lue), Luo (Min Zhong Ji Lue), Wendan (min Chan Lu Yi).

[source] it is the mature fruit of grapefruit.

[plant morphology] pomelo

Evergreen trees, up to 8 m tall, occasionally with thin soft spines. The leaves are oblong to oblong, 10-20 cm long and 2-5 cm wide, with rounded or concave apex, broad rounded base, serrated margin, dark green on the top, glossy on the bottom, and sparse hairs on the bottom; the petiole is broad winged and heart-shaped. Flowers usually clustered, leaves axillary or solitary, 18-25 mm long; calyx 4-lobed; petals 4-white, oblong; stamens 20-25, anthers large, linear; ovary superior, inserted on disk, ovules numerous, style cylindrical, stigma capitate. Citrus fruit is very large, 10-25 cm long, pear shaped or oblate, round at the top, pointed or round at the base; the peel is smooth, 10-15 mm thick, yellow, with dense oil glands; the pulp sac is 12-18 petals, the carpel is thin, salty, thick, strong, and easy to separate; the pulp is light yellow, salty red, with large sand pulp, sweet or sour. Seeds numerous, to 1 cm long. It blooms in spring.

Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi and other places.

There are many varieties of pomelo, and its famous varieties are: Wendan pomelo, Shatian pomelo, Pingshan pomelo, sijipao and Dahongpao.

The roots (pomelo roots), leaves (pomelo leaves), flowers (pomelo flowers), pericarps (pomelo peel), outer pericarps (Citrus Red) and seeds (pomelo seeds) of the above plants are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special regulations for details.

[collection] the fruits are picked when they are ripe from October to November.

[chemical constituents] naringin, poncirin, neohesperidin and naringin-4 "- glucoside-7-neohesperidin are contained in pomelo, and carotene, vitamin B1, B2, C, nicotinic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sugars and volatile oil are also contained in pomelo. The peel contains 0.3-0.9% volatile oil, and the main components are citral, geraniol, linalool and o-aminobenzoic acid methyl ester.

[pharmacological action] ① anti inflammatory effect

Naringin has anti-inflammatory effect similar to other flavonoids. Intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg / kg can reduce formaldehyde induced ankle edema in mice. No effect on serotonin induced inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effect of naringin complex was stronger than that of pure naringin compound. It has also been reported that naringin (or hesperidin) has no anti-inflammatory effect on joint swelling (Arthus reaction) in guinea pigs, but there is another unknown component in orange and pomelo peel that has anti-inflammatory effect. The anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids is generally believed to be related to the change of capillary permeability (inhibiting the conversion of ADP to ATP, thus preventing the relaxation of anterior sphincter of capillaries). Naringin (50-250 mg / kg) can inhibit the increase of capillary permeability induced by kallidin (50 μ g / kg). The polymer complex of naringin with phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid has the effect of anti hyaluronidase. It has been reported that naringin and hesperidin can improve the blood cell aggregation and capillary resistance of bulbar conjunctiva in guinea pigs caused by vitamin C deficiency (enhance the effect of vitamin C); however, it has also been reported that hesperidin can reduce the blood cell aggregation of horses, and naringin can enhance this aggregation. Naringin (2 g / kg diet) was used to induce embolism.

The survival time of rats fed with diet was prolonged, but the survival time of rats fed with "atherogenic" diet was decreased, while hesperidin could prolong the survival time of rats fed with both diets. The effect of flavonoids is similar to that of low molecular dextran (reducing platelet aggregation, improving the stability of blood suspension and increasing blood flow, etc.).

② Other functions

Naringin has a protective effect on virus infection in mice. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase in the supernatant of spleen homogenate of mice with naringin is higher than that of normal mice. Naringin has no effect on this increase. However, naringin can reduce the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in spleen of normal mice in vitro. The mice were fed with 2-4% naringin for 6 weeks, and then irradiated with X-ray (600r / week, total 1200R). The survival elbow of mice in the treatment group was significantly longer than that in the control group, so it had protective effect. Naringin had no effect on the respiration of Ehrlich ascites cancer cells. Naringin has antispasmodic effect. The toxicity of naringin was very small. When the rats were fed with 1% naringin for 200 days, the weight gain, blood glucose and histological examination of naringin group were no different from those of control group.

Fresh fruit juices have been reported to contain insulin-like ingredients, which can reduce blood sugar.

Sweet and sour, cold.

① Rihuazi materia medica: "non toxic. "

② The essence of pinhui: "the taste is sweet. It is cold and nontoxic. "

[function and indications] rihuazi materia medica: "it can treat pregnant women with less food and light mouth, and remove the evil Qi in the stomach. Xiaoshi, Quchang Weiqi. Detoxification, treatment of drinking tone. "

[selection] treatment of phlegm cough: xiangluan, remove the core, cut, soak wine in sand bottle, seal overnight, boil, mix honey well, and swallow from time to time. (compendium)

Chinese PinYin : You