White Snake

(Kaibao materia medica)

[source] it is the whole body of eviscerated Agkistrodon acutus or juvenile Bungarus multicinctus.

[animal morphology] 1. The five step snake is also known as the clear nosed snake (Kaibao materia medica), the hundred step snake, the plate snake, the chessboard snake, the five step jump, the dragon snake and the Agkistrodon acutus.

The head is large, flat and triangular, like a plow and shovel. The tail end is flat and sharp. The snout scales and interpnasal scales protrude upward; the snout scales are twice as long as the width. The scales on the forehead are larger, slightly pentagonal, and smaller; the scales on the skull top are larger than those on the eyes. The nostrils are large and open between the two scales. The scales of the posterior nose are concave inward and arc-shaped. There were 2 anterior scales, 1-2 posterior scales and 1 anterior scale. There were 2 anterior temporal scales and 4-5 posterior temporal scales. There were 7 upper lip scales, the third and fourth of which were the largest, and 9-11 lower lip scales, the first three of which were connected with the anterior chin scales. The body scales have prominent ridges, which are 23-21-17 rows. There are 157-171 abdominal scales, 40-60 pairs of anal scales, and 1-10 anterior scales are often not paired. The dorsal surface of the body is grayish brown, with 24 large "∧" shaped markings on both sides. The markings are dark brown, and the edge is dark brown. The apex is often connected on the dorsal midline, and the dorsal surface is separated into an oblique square shape. The top of the head is dark black, and the side of the head is grayish yellow. There are small grayish brown irregular spots on the lower edge of the upper lip, especially on the snout. There is a large black brown spot from the scales to the corners of the mouth. The abdomen is yellowish white, and there are black round spots about 2 scales in diameter on both sides.

They live in mountain forests, often live under fallen leaves or in caves, and move slowly. It mainly feeds on birds and small mammals. The salivary gland has strong hemorrhagic and hemolytic toxicity. Distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places.

The head (snake head) and eyes (snake eye) of this animal are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

② Bungarus multicinctus, also known as: Silver retribution, inch White Snake, a number of gold belt, white snake, towel snake, broken muscle.

The total length is 30-160 cm. The head is small and the tail is slender and pointed. The results show that the width of the snout scale is larger than the height; the width of the internasal scale is about 1.5 times of its length; the width of the forehead scale is larger than the length of the internasal scale, and the length of the zygomatic scale is slightly larger than the width; the length of the supraocular scale is about equal to the length of the forehead scale; the length of the cranioparietal scale is about the sum of the forehead scale and the forehead scale. The nostril is oval, opening between the two scales. The eye is small, with 1 anterior scale, 2 posterior scales and no buccal scale. There were 1-2 anterior temporal scales and 2 posterior temporal scales. There are 7 upper lip scales, the third and the fourth are in the eye; there are 7 lower lip scales, and the first four are connected with the anterior buccal scales. Body scales smooth, 15 rows; dorsal central line of scales especially large, hexagonal. There are 198-218 abdominal scales. The anal scale is single, and the lower tail scale is single, 40-53 pieces. The dorsal surface of the body is black or blue black, with 37-61 white bands about 1 scale wide. The top of the head is dark purple brown. Ventral white and slightly grayish brown small spots. The ventral surface of the tail is purple brown, and the white ring is also obvious.

Living in plains, mountains, waterside and other grass, they often invade people's houses. More night activities, to fish, frogs, snakes, rats and other animals for food. There is a strong neurotoxicity in salivary gland.

It is distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, etc.

[collection] 1

More than the summer catch, generally with long bamboo and wire made of lasso catch. After catching, the viscera were removed by laparotomy, and the plates were made into a circle, which was then roasted with or without bamboo slices. The commodities are collectively referred to as "big white snake". The person who spreads the baking is also called "Qi snake" and the person who directly bakes is called "Qi snake stick".

② Bungarus multicinctus

Remove the viscera of the young snake in the summer and bake it in a round shape. The commodity is called.

[medicinal materials] 1

The diameter of the dried body is 18-25 cm, and the diameter of the snake is about 3 cm. The head is triangular and flat, the tip of the nose is upward, the mouth is wide, commonly known as "dragon head tiger mouth", and the upper jaw has long poisonous teeth. The back is brown, densely covered with rhombic scales, with 24 square gray white patterns arranged vertically, which is commonly known as "Fangsheng pattern". Abdominal white, large scales, mixed with most black spots, commonly known as "Rosary spot". Tail tapering, the end of a triangle, horny, commonly known as "Buddha nails.". The internal part of abdomen is yellowish white, with prominent vertebrae and many ribs on both sides. The gas is slightly fishy and the taste is slightly salty. It is better to have a dry body, a large body, complete head and tail, and obvious pattern spots.

It is mainly produced in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and other places.

② White snake with money

Also known as: small white snake, money Agkistrodon acutus, money snake. The dry body is very small and also rolled into a disc shape. Head in the center, tail thin, in the mouth. The diameter of the disc is about 3.5 cm, and the diameter of the snake is only about 4 mm. The back is dark brown, glossy, with many white rings and a prominent ridge. The abdomen is yellow and white. The air is slightly fishy. Dry body, complete head and tail, bright color is better.

Mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi and other places.

In addition, in Guangdong and Guangxi, the baihuajin snake is used as medicine.

[chemical constituents] the venom contains thrombin like substance, esterase and three anticoagulants. Thrombin like substance is a glycoprotein (containing 13% sugar) with a molecular weight of about 33500.

α - cyclotoxin in Bungarus multicinctus venom is a neurotoxin, which has been isolated and purified. Its molecular weight is about 8000. It is a polypeptide composed of 74 amino acids and has five disulfide bonds. There were cholinesterase, protease, ATPase, 5-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase, phospholipase A and hyaluronidase in the venom, but there was no correlation with toxicity.

[processing] large white snake: cut off the head and tail, soften them with warm water, cut them into cubes and dry them in the sun; or moisten them with yellow rice wine, remove the skin and bones and dry them in the sun. (100 Jin of white snake, 50 Jin of yellow rice wine)

Money Snake: brush off the dust, remove the head and tail; or use proper amount of yellow rice wine to moisten and dry in the sun.

① According to the book of materia medica: "the white snake has a big poison, especially one foot at the head and one foot at the tail. It can't be used. Soak the skin and bones in wine and roast them to avoid decay. "

② Compendium: "according to the general record of Shengji, every snake is soaked in spring and autumn wine for three nights, one in summer and five in winter, and then baked with charcoal. So three times, take it in a sand bottle, bury it in the ground for a night, and let out the fire, remove the skin and bone, and take the meat. "

It is sweet, salty, warm and poisonous.

① Kaibao materia medica: "it tastes sweet and salty, warm and poisonous. "

② Ben Cao Tu Jing: "there is great poison. "

[Guijing] into the liver and spleen meridian.

① "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": entering the lung and liver meridians. "

② In Bencao Zaixin: "entering the spleen meridian. "

Functions and indications: dispel wind and dampness, penetrate muscles and bones, and calm convulsions. It is used to treat rheumatism, paralysis, Kaschin Beck pain, leprosy, scabies, infantile convulsions, tetanus, bayberry sores, fulminant sores.

① "On Lei Gong Paozhi": "governing the wind. "

② "Theory of medicinal properties": "it is mainly used to treat lung wind and nasal obstruction, and to develop vitiligo, rash, spots and rash. "

③ "Kaibao Materia Medica" says: "it is characterized by rheumatism, unresponsive arthralgia, tight muscles and veins, crooked mouth and face, hemiplegia, arthralgia, wind scabies and itching, and weak feet. "

④ The compendium of Medical Sciences: "Tongzhi Zhufeng, tetanus, infantile wind heat, acute and slow convulsions, tetany, scrofula leakage disease, bayberry sores, acne collapse.". "

⑤ Ben Cao Hui: "for the treatment of leprosy, vitiligo, loss of moustache and eyebrow, collapse of nasal column; for the treatment of hegenfeng, jichufeng, contracture of tendons and claws, and muscle erosion. "

⑥ "Yucatalpa medicine solution": "pass through the customs, expel dampness and drive the wind. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.8-1.5 yuan; soaking wine, boiling cream or into pills, powder.

[should avoid] it should not be used when Yin deficiency and internal heat are present.

① According to the classic of Materia Medica, "the mouth and face of apoplexy are askew and hemiplegia. It is due to yin deficiency and less blood and internal heat. It is different from rheumatism and is not suitable. "

② "Materia Medica from the new": "only if there is wind, it is appropriate. If there is stroke, it is a big taboo. "

③ "To match the materia medica": "the weak are forbidden. "

④ Ben Cao Qiu Zhen: "avoid iron. "

[prescription selection] 1. Ye Zhongfeng injures wine, hemiplegia, mouth and eyes askew, bone joint pain, and age-old scabies, sores, wind scabies: one white snake (wash thoroughly with wine, remove bone spurs, take four liang of meat), two, body two, two, two, two, two, two, one or two. File them well, put them in raw silk bags, put them in Jinhua wine jar, put them in five pots of glutinous rice fermented grains, seal them with Ruo leaves, put them in a large pot, boil them in water for one day, take them out, bury them in the shade for seven days, and take them out. One or two drinks each. I still dry grinding powder, wine paste pill Wuzi big. Take 50 pills each time and swallow them with boiled wine. Do not see the wind, desire, and fish, sheep, geese, face hair wind things. (white flower snake wine in Linhu Jianfang)

② For the treatment of pestilence, numbness of hands and feet, hair falling and eyebrow falling, rashes all over the body, pruritus of skin, sores caused by grasping, and all kinds of scabies and wind diseases: one white snake, one each (soaked in wine for two or three days, bone removed and meat removed and dried on the day), one peach snake (soaked in wine for two or three days, bone removed and meat removed and dried on the day), and one jin (ground four Liang at the end of the head). The upper part is fine. Take a jin of Gleditsia sinensis, file long inch, soak in ashless wine for one night, remove the wine, take a bowl of fresh water, knead the thick juice, remove the dregs, boil the paste in the Silverstone, and make the front powder pill as big as the seed. Take 60 or 70 pills each time, fry Fangfeng Tongsheng powder, press congee and rice, take it three times a day, and take a bath for three days, in response to sweating

Chinese PinYin : Bai Hua She