Artemisia capillaris

Artemisia capillaris

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] Yinchen (Wupu materia medica), Maxian (Guangya), Yinshu wormwood (Lei Gong Paozhi Lun), Yinchen (herbal Classics Collection), Yinchen wormwood (materia medica Collection), mianyinchen (Benjing Fengyuan), Ronghao, Qinghao (Guangxi Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine plant), Chou wormwood, Anlu wormwood (Jiangsu Zhi Yao Zhi), laopo wormwood (Shandong traditional Chinese Medicine), yelan wormwood (Hunan medicine plant) It's a record.

[source] the tender stems and leaves of Artemisia capillaris in Compositae.

[plant morphology] Artemisia capillaris

Perennial herbs, 40-100 cm high. The stem is erect, lignified, with longitudinal stripes on the surface, purple, many branches. The old branches are smooth, and the young branches are covered with gray white pubescence. The petiole of the leaves on the vegetative branches is about 1.5 cm long, with 2-3 pinnate or palmate lobes, and the small lobes are linear or ovate, densely covered with white silky hairs; the leaves on the flower branches are sessile, pinnately divided, and the lobes are linear or hairy, with the base clasping, green and glabrous. The inflorescence is mostly panicle shaped; involucre is spherical, bracts are 3-4 layers, smooth, outer layer is small, ovoid, inner layer is elliptic, back center is green, edge is membranous; flower is miscellaneous, light purple, all tubular; female flower is about 1 mm long, pistil is 1, stigma is 2-lobed, forked; bisexual flower is slightly long, apex expanded, 5-lobed, lobes triangular, lower part contracted, obovate, male Pistil 5, Polygonum, apex pointed caudate, base with short tip, pistil 1, stigma capitate, undivided. Achenes oblong, glabrous. The flowering period is from September to October. The fruit period is from November to December.

Most of them grow on hillside, river bank and gravel land. It is distributed in most parts of the country.

[collection] in spring, when the seedlings are about three inches high, they are harvested to remove impurities, remove soil and dry in the sun.

[herbal medicine] the dried seedlings are mostly kneaded into clumps, gray green, all covered with white hair, soft as velvet. The stem is small, 6-10 cm long, mostly bent or broken; the branch is thin, the base is thick, the diameter is 1.5 mm, after removing the white hair on the surface, obvious longitudinal lines can be seen. The intact leaves are mostly petiolate, connected with the slender stem, and the leaves split into linear shape. It has special aroma and slightly bitter taste. Soft, soft, green and strong aroma were the best.

It is mainly produced in Shaanxi, Shanxi and Anhui. In addition, it is also produced in Shandong, Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Sichuan, Gansu and Fujian.

In addition to the above varieties, there are also seedlings of Artemisia annua (also known as Artemisia scoparia, Artemisia scoparia) and Artemisia annua, which are used as Artemisia scoparia in Northeast China. The seedlings of Artemisia rigida were used as Artemisia capillaris in Tibet.

[chemical constituents] Artemisia capillaris L. contains an effective choleretic component, Artemisia coumarin,

That is to say, the content of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin varies with seasons, with the highest value of 1.98% at flowering stage, as well as chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. The content of essential oil is about 0.27% in the whole grass and 1% in the ear. Its constituents are: β - pinene, yinchenone, yinchenone, yinchenyne, yinchensu. It also contains fatty oil, including stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid and lignitic acid. The ash contains potassium chloride. The seeds also contain coumarin and potassium chloride.

Artemisia annua contains coumarin, and the content varies with different parts and seasons, 0.5% in bud, 2% in flower head and seed, 0.46% in whole grass at flowering stage and 1.52% in flower head before flowering, but there is no coumarin but chlorogenic acid in seedling. The content of essential oil in the whole plant is about 0.6%, and the highest content is about 0.95% at flowering stage. Its constituents are: Platycladus orientalis alcohol, n-butyraldehyde, furfural, methylheptanone, caraganone, 1,8-cineole, Platycladus orientalis ketone, geranyl acetate, solanese bicarbonate, eugenol, α - pinene, β - pinene, Agropyron, etc. The fatty acids were myristic acid 5.1%, palmitic acid 23.48%, stearic acid 24.43%, arachidonic acid 18.04%, linoleic acid 11.25%, oleic acid 10.09%, and β - sitosterol 19.81%. It also contains 4-hydroxyacetophenone. It also contains choline, salicylic acid, azelaic acid, caryophyllene epoxide, etc. The root contains β - sitosterol and oxalic acid.

(1) cholagogic effect

Yinchen decoction, yinchenzhizi decoction, Yinchenhao Decoction (Yinchen, Zhizi, rhubarb: 3:1.5:1) and their alcohol extracts can promote the bile secretion of rats, but it is not obvious. Yinchen decoction can only slightly reduce the gallbladder contraction (X-ray examination) of normal people, and the volume change is not significant. The water extract and refined concentrated extract of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae (with or without volatile oil removed) have obvious cholagogic effects on dogs with acute gallbladder intubation and chronic gallbladder fistula. It is speculated that the effective components of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae may be water-soluble and alcohol soluble substances, while the effect of volatile sleeve is suspicious or weak. However, it is also reported that the volatile oil isolated from Herba Artemisiae Scopariae Scopariae has cholagogic effect on guinea pigs. 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, isolated from the flower buds of Artemisia capillaris and Artemisia annua, can increase the bile secretion of anesthetized rats, common bile duct intubation and dogs with chronic gallbladder fistula. Chlorogenic acid (water-soluble organic acid) extracted from Artemisia capillaris seedlings has cholagogic effect on rats with common bile duct intubation about half an hour after intravenous injection. Its logarithmic dose has a linear relationship with the increased percentage of bile secretion. Caffeic acid, a hydrolysate of chlorogenic acid, also has cholagogic effect. Yinchenhao Decoction and Yinchen extract can reduce the blood bilirubin of rabbits with bile duct ligation (the effect of hepatocyte degeneration caused by operation is only secondary).

② The influence on experimental hepatitis

Yinchenhao Decoction, Yinchenhao Decoction and zhizhidahuang decoction can reduce the mortality of CCl4 poisoning hepatitis in mice. The water extract and refined concentrated extract of Yinchenhao have more cholagogic effect on CCl4 poisoning hepatitis dogs than on normal dogs. Yinchenhao Decoction and volatile oil of Yinchenhao have no effect on the serum transaminase of CCl4 poisoning hepatitis rabbits, but the latter can make the rabbits suffer from CCl4 poisoning hepatitis The increase of food intake had no effect on the mortality and hepatocyte lesion of mice with viral hepatitis. Yinchenhao Decoction can promote hepatocyte regeneration in rabbits.

③ Antipyretic and anti microbial effects

Yinchenhao Decoction and Artemisia extract have antipyretic effect on artificial fever in rabbits. The volatile oil of Artemisia tridentata and A. Nova has obvious inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysentery, Streptococcus haemolyticus, Diplococcus pneumoniae, diphtheria, bovine and human tuberculosis in vitro. The volatile oil of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae can inhibit the growth of skin pathogenic fungi in vitro, and its antifungal active component is artemisinin. Wormwood can paralyze earthworm and Ascaris lumbricoides of human and pig. Artemisia annua 1:10 had inhibitory effect on echo11 virus, and only delayed discontinuation of administration at the same time and after infection.

④ Antihypertensive effect

6,7-dimethoxycoumarin by intravenous injection and duodenal administration showed hypotensive effect on rats, cats, rabbits and dogs. The hypotensive effect may be caused by the dilation of central and visceral blood vessels. The coronary flow of isolated ventricular fibrillation rabbits was significantly increased and the rhythmic contraction was restored. ECG observation of cats and rabbits. Transient atrioventricular block and ventricular block may occur.

⑤ Diuretic effect

The results showed that the water extract, refined concentrated extract and 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin of Artemisia capillaris had diuretic effect on dogs; the volatile oil of Artemisia capillaris could increase urine volume and change urine color from yellow to clear in rabbits with toxic hepatitis.

⑥ Other functions

After 2-3 weeks of administration of 3 g / kg Yinchen Decoction to experimental atherosclerosis rabbits, the serum cholesterol and β - lipoprotein decreased, the ratio of β / γ was lower than that of the control group, but the C / P value was higher than that of the control group. The decoction of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae has the effect of anti Ehrlich ascites cancer in vitro, and it is only effective in the initial stage in mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites cancer. The emulsion of Artemisia caerulescens L. oil can cause epileptic seizure in mice, and its action site is in cerebral cortex. The water extract of Sichuan Yinchen has inhibitory effect on dog's intestine and rabbit's intestine in vitro, while the extract, Decoction and alcohol extract of Jinan Yinchen have slightly excitatory effect on rabbit's intestine in vitro. The extract of Herba Artemisiae capillaris has an excitatory effect on the isolated uterus of non pregnant rabbits and postpartum guinea pigs, and an inhibitory effect on the isolated toad heart. The mice died of dyspnea within 5 hours. The LD50 of mice was 7.246 g / kg.

[processing] sift, pick up impurities, remove residual roots, crush, and then remove mud chips.

"Lei Gong Paozhi Lun": it's used to remove roots and file. "

Bitter, pungent and cool.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes bitter and flat. "

② Bielu: "slightly cold, non-toxic. "

③ "On medicinal properties": "it tastes bitter and pungent, and has little poison. "

④ "Pearl bag": bitter and sweet. "

[channel tropism] into the liver, spleen and bladder channels.

① Zhang Yuanyuan: "enter the Taiyang Sutra. "

② "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "foot Yang Ming, Tai Yin, sun three classics. "

③ Ben Cao Zai Xin: "entering liver and kidney meridians. "

Functions and indications: clearing heat and removing dampness. Treatment of damp heat jaundice, adverse urination, wind itching scabies. With gardenia, rhubarb treatment of Yang Huang; with aconite, dried ginger treatment of Yin Huang.

① "Ben Jing" says: "it governs rheumatism, cold and heat evil Qi, heat knot jaundice. "

② "Bielu": "it can cure jaundice of the whole body, defecate disadvantageous, remove head heat, and remove Fu Huang. "

③ "Materia medica collection": "Tongjie, quzhire, Shanghan use. "

④ "Rihuazi materia medica:" it can cure the diseases of heaven, fever, headache, headache, eye pain, malaria

Chinese PinYin : Yin Chen Hao