Thistle

Chinese Name: Xiaoji

[category]: whole grass

[synonyms] Maoji (Tao Hongjing), qingciji, qianzhencao (Ben Cao Tu Jing), Ciji (Jiu Huang Ben Cao), ciercai (Gang Mu Tai Yi), qingqingcai, qiqicai, gundaocai (Yi Zhong Shen Xi Lu), safflower (classified herbal medicine), acanthopanax senticosus, MUCI AI, cigancai, ciya, cisha Cao (Jiangsu Zhi Yao Zhi), shepherd's purse Mao (Shandong traditional Chinese Medicine) 》）In addition, there are three kinds of herbs, viz. Xiaoxipo, ciluopo, xiaojimu, ciercao, niucaoshi, and cijiancao (commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in Shanghai).

[source] it is the whole grass or root of artichoke.

[plant morphology] thistle

Herbs perennial with long creeping roots. Stem erect, ca. 50 cm tall, slightly covered with arachnoid hairs. The basal leaves withered at the flowering stage; the stem leaves alternate, long elliptic or oblong lanceolate, 5-10 cm long and 1-2.5 cm wide, covered with arachnoid hairs on both sides, entire or undulate sparsely serrated, with blunt and spiny teeth at the end, yellowish brown teeth at the edge, pointed or obtuse at the apex, narrow or obtuse at the base, sessile. It is dioecious, with a single inflorescence at the top of stem or branch; involucre bell shaped, bracts 5-lobed, sparsely woolly, outer bracts very short, ovoid or oblong lanceolate, apex spiny, inner ones lanceolate linear, long, apex slightly wide, dry membranous; corolla purplish red; male corolla slender tubular, 2.5 cm long, 5-lobed, corolla tube about 2 times longer than upper tube eaves, stamens 5, The corolla of the female flower is 2.8 cm long, the tube of the Corolla is about 4 times longer than the upper tube eaves, and the style of the lower ovary is slender and extends out of the corolla tube. Achenes oblong, glabrous, feathery, light brown, slightly longer or equal to corolla when fruit is hot. The flowering period is from May to July. The fruit period is from August to September.

[collection] harvest in summer and autumn and dry in the sun.

[medicinal materials] ① the stem of dry whole grass is cylindrical, often broken, 2-3 mm in diameter, purplish brown, with pilose and longitudinal edges on the surface; it is hard, fibrous and hollow in cross section. The leaves are mostly broken, wrinkled and curly, dark yellow green, with white filiform hairs on both sides, full margin or microwave shape, with golden needle. Inflorescence terminal, involucre campanulate, bracts yellowish green, 5-6 row, linear to lanceolate, corolla sometimes no longer exist, corolla feathery. Weak Qi, sweet taste.

② The dry roots are long columnar, and the lower part is gradually thinner: the diameter of the top is 3-7mm, the surface is earthy brown, with longitudinal edges, and many slender fibrous roots are attached. The material is hard and the section is fibrous.

All over the country. Generally, the whole grass is used, and the roots and stems are used in Qinghai area. Many ancient herbal books use roots.

In addition, the whole grass of the same genus, Echinochloa incisa, is also used in Northeast China and Hebei Province. Its characters are similar to those of Cirsium japonicum, but its stem is slightly thick, 3-5mm in diameter, and its leaf margin is obviously carved. The involucre of capitulum is brown yellow, bracts are 6-8 rows, triangular lanceolate to linear lanceolate. Weak Qi and weak taste.

[processing] Thistle: clean impurities, remove roots, wash thoroughly, cut into sections and dry in the sun. Small thistle charcoal: remove the small thistle, put it in a pot, stir fry it with fire until 70% black, but keep it. Sift through the wire, spray water, take it out and dry it in the sun.

Sweet and cool.

① "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "cool, non-toxic. "

② "Materia medica Huiyan": "it tastes sweet and slightly bitter, cold and non-toxic. "

[Guijing] into the liver and spleen meridian.

① "Into the spleen, liver two channels. "

② New edition of materia medica: "entering lung and spleen meridians. "

Functions and indications: cool blood, remove blood stasis and stop bleeding. It is used to treat hematemesis, hematemesis, hematuria, hemogonorrhea, hematochezia, HAEMORRHEA, acute infectious hepatitis, traumatic hemorrhage, sore and carbuncle.

① "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": "take vegetables to cook, in addition to wind heat. Root, the main collapse, and women on the waiting injury, pound juice half Shengfu. The golden sore is bleeding, ye Fengzhi. Hot summer, more than boring, pounding leaves to take juice half of the service. "

② According to Materia Medica, it is good to break the stagnant blood, stop the new blood, burst the blood, blood dysentery (dysentery, collapse), golden sores, bleeding, vomiting, wring the juice and take it warm; it is also good to take it for decocting and sugar, alloy sores and spider snake venom. "

③ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "root, cure heat, toxic wind and chest distress, appetizer, antipyretic, tonic damage. Miao, get rid of the heat, take it with the juice. "

④ According to the book of Materia Medica, it is said that "it is necessary to take the medicine by rubbing the roots and wringing the juice to stop hematemesis, bleeding and bleeding. "

⑤ "Gangmu Shiyi": "clearing fire, dispersing wind, eliminating phlegm, relieving all sores, carbuncle, gangrene, swelling and poison. "

⑥ "Classification of herbal medicine": "treatment of blood drenching, pain, injury, red collapse, leucorrhea. "

⑦ Common Chinese herbal medicine in Shanghai: "clearing heat, stopping bleeding, reducing blood pressure, dispersing blood stasis and detumescence. It is used to treat various hemorrhagic diseases, hypertension, jaundice, hepatitis and nephritis. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1.5 ~ 3 yuan (fresh 1 ~ 2 liang); mash juice or grind. External use: tamping or frying and washing.

[should avoid] it should not be taken when the spleen and stomach are deficient in cold but without blood stasis.

① "Pin Hui Jing Yao": "don't make iron. "

② "Materia medica classic:" it is not conducive to diarrhea due to weak stomach and the syndrome of extreme blood deficiency, weak spleen and stomach and not thinking about diet. "

③ Ben Cao Hui Yan: "it's not conducive to Qi deficiency. "

[prescription selection] ① zhixinre tuxue xerostomia: raw lotus root juice, raw burdock juice, raw rehmannia juice, small thistle root juice each two, a spoonful of white honey. Put on the medicine and mix it well. Regardless of the time, sip it carefully. (Sheng Hui Fang)

② Treatment of bleeding on the tongue, and treatment of large bleeding: thorn thistle a grip, research, wring job juice, to wine half cup tune service. If there is no raw juice, only dry for the end, cold water transfer three money dagger. (qingxinsan in Shengji Zonglu)

③ Treatment of hematemesis and hemoptysis: Cirsium japonicum, Cirsium japonicum, lotus leaf, Platycladus orientalis, Maogen, Rubia Rubia, Gardenia jasminoides, rhubarb, peony skin, palm skin, etc. Burn the ash to keep it. Grind it into a fine powder. Wrap it in paper. Cover the bowl on the ground overnight. The fire poison will come out. First, grind the white lotus root juice or radish juice into a half bowl of ink. Then, take five yuan. After eating, take it. (Shi Hui San in Shi Yao Shen Shu)

④ Treatment of hot blood drenching: raw Rehmannia (wash) four Liang, small thistle root, talc, Tongcao, Puhuang (fried), light bamboo leaves, lotus root, Angelica (to reed, wine dip), gardenia seed, licorice (fried) each half two. Finely cut, take 4 yuan each, 1.5 cup of water, fry until 8 minutes, remove dross, warm clothes, before eating. (jishengfang)

⑤ To cure the middle and lower blood of collapse: one piece of stem and leaf (wash and cut) of artichoke, one piece of rehmannia juice, half of Atractylodes macrocephala, half of decoction, warm. (Qian Jin Fang)

⑥ Treatment of pregnancy after fetal abortion bleeding more than: artichoke root and leaf (file), motherwort (root, chopped) each of five Liang. In three large bowls of water, cook the two ingredients thoroughly, remove the dross to a large bowl, and fry the medicine in a bronze vessel until one cup. Divide it into two servings, and take it within the day. (Xiaoji drink in Shengji Zonglu)

⑦ Treatment of women Yin Xiang: Xiaoji decoction, wash three times a day. (Guangji Fang)

[clinical application] 1

Fresh leaves of Cirsium japonicum were washed with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution and 0.5% salt water for several times, then the juice was extracted by pressing. After standing for 1 hour, the supernatant was removed, and 20 ml of dark green precipitate liquid and 80 g of white vaseline were mixed into ointment. A total of 200 cases of ulcers, traumatic suppurations and occupational brine traumatic suppurations were treated. They were generally cured after 4-7 times of dressing change, and no adverse side effects were found.

② Treatment of postpartum uterine dyssystole and metrorrhagia

Take 1-3 ml of artichoke extract (1:10) every time, 3 times a day. 45 cases were observed. It was proved that it had the effect of contracting uterus and stopping bleeding. In general, 2-3 days after taking the medicine, the average postpartum uterine contraction is 2-5 cm. Such as massive bleeding. It can be taken 4-8 ml each time, 3-4 times a day. After stopping the bleeding, it can be taken in the general dose, or it can be taken with 2 liang of fresh whole grass and decocted in water twice. 30 cases of metrorrhagia and metrorrhagia were treated. Most of them stopped bleeding or decreased significantly after 2 days.

③ Treatment of leprosy epistaxis

Wash and mash the whole grass, filter out the liquid with gauze, put it into the pot to evaporate the water, add appropriate amount of preservative after cooling, and put it into glass bottle for standby. When using it, put a cotton ball dipped in liquid juice on the bleeding point of the erosive or ulcerative surface of the nasal septum, and change it 3-4 times a day. 34 cases were treated, 24 cases were cured (70.6%). Generally, the bleeding stopped in 4-14 days, and the healing of nasal septal ulcer surface was within 21-33 days without any adverse reactions.

④ Treatment of infectious hepatitis

Take 1 liang of dried or 2 liang of fresh Cirsium japonicum root, fry in water for 0.5-1 hour, filter and add sugar, and take it before going to bed. Children aged 1-3 years, 4-7 years and 8-12 years were given 1 / 4, 1 / 3 and 1 / 2 of adult's dose respectively. The course of treatment was 20-30 days, and 7-10 days for some cases with short course of disease. The effective rate was 77.9% for acute hepatitis, 42.8-69% for persistent hepatitis and 2% for chronic hepatitis. After treatment, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, abdominal distension and other symptoms were improved. The pain in the liver area was mostly alleviated, the liver swelling was obviously reduced, and the liver function was also improved in varying degrees, especially the improvement of jaundice index, bilirubin and transaminase; however, for severe jaundice cases, the opposite results seemed to be found. Therefore, the patients with malignant hepatitis (including hepatic coma), obviously poor liver function, patients with hepatitis complicated with gastrointestinal bleeding, active pulmonary tuberculosis, acute gastritis, malignant hypertension, heart failure and late pregnancy should be contraindicated. Drug reaction: during 2-20 days of medication, there may be body heat, dizziness, tiredness, vomiting, abdominal pain or insomnia, frequent urination, polyuria, urticaria, etc., which generally disappear within 1-2 weeks. In severe cases, it can be cured after stopping the medication.

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Ji