Semen Ziziphi Spinosae

Semen Ziziphi Spinosae

(Lei Gong Paozhi Lun)

[synonym] jujube kernel (medicinal Huayi) and sour jujube kernel (Zhi Yao Zhi of Jiangsu Province).

[source] it is the seed of Ziziphus jujuba.

[plant morphology] sour jujube (Ben Jing), also known as spine (Book of songs), maple (Er Ya), mountain jujube (Tao Hongjing), wild jujube (Ren Fang's Shuyi Ji).

Deciduous shrubs or small trees, 1-3 meters high. The old branch is brown, the young branch is green; there are two kinds of thorns on the branch, one is needle shaped thorns, about 2 cm long, the other is retroflexed thorns, about 5 mm long. Leaves alternate; petiole very short; stipules slender, acicular; leaves elliptic to ovate lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm long, 1.2-3 cm wide, apex short, pointed and blunt, base oblique, margin serrate, 3 main veins. Flowers 2-3 clusters, leaf axils small, yellow green; pedicel very short, 1 sepal 5, ovate triangle; petals small, 5, alternate with calyx; stamen 5, opposite petals, slightly longer than petals; disk 10 lobed; ovary elliptic, 2-locular, buried in disk, style short, stigma 2-lobed. Drupe subglobose, 1-1.4cm in diameter, apex obtuse, dark red when ripe, with sour taste. The flowering period is from April to May. The fruit period is from September to October.

It grows on sunny slope or dry barren soil and often forms shrubs. Distributed in Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places.

The root bark (Zizyphus jujuba root bark), thorn (prickle needle), leaf (prickle leaf) and flower (prickle flower) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] harvest the fruits when they are ripe in autumn. Soak the fruits for one night, rub off the flesh, take them out, crush the stones, take out the seeds and dry them in the sun.

[medicinal material] the dried and mature seeds are oblate or oval, 5-9 mm long, 5-7 mm wide and 3 mm thick. The surface is reddish brown to purplish brown. The immature ones are light or yellowish and smooth. One side is flat, with a ridge or longitudinal line in the center, the other side is slightly raised, with a thin edge. The apex has an obvious hilum, and the other end has a chalazal point with a micro protuberance. After peeling off the seed coat, the white endosperm adhered to the inner side of the seed coat. Two cotyledons, round or oval, yellowish white, thick and greasy. Weak breath, weak taste. It is better to have big and plump grain, purplish red skin and no shell.

It is mainly produced in Hebei, Shaanxi, Liaoning and Henan. In addition, it is also produced in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu.

[chemical composition] it contains a lot of fatty oil and protein, and has two sterols: one is c26h42o2, melting point 288-290 ℃, soluble in alcohol; the other is 259-260 ℃, soluble in chloroform. This product mainly contains two triterpenoids: betulin and betulinic acid. In addition, it contains Jujuboside, and the aglycone is Jujuboside. The second step product of saponin is erbeilin lactone. It also contains a lot of vitamin C.

[pharmacological effects] ① sedative and hypnotic effects

The sedative index of mice was 1.95, which showed synergistic effect with barbiturates. After 6 days of continuous application of semen Ziziphi Spinosae, the sleep duration of mice was shortened, The tolerance was developed, but it disappeared after one week. Oral administration of semen Ziziphi Spinosae can significantly reduce the number of times of defensive motor conditioned reflex, inhibit the spread of internal inhibition, reduce the conditioned reflex, and inhibit the manic phenomenon caused by morphine in cats. The sedative effect of raw and fried semen Ziziphi Spinosae is similar, but the sedative effect of raw semen Ziziphi Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae Spinosae spinosa.

② Analgesic, anticonvulsant and cooling effects

The hot plate method was used to prove that Suanzaoren Decoction (5g / kg) injected intraperitoneally in mice has analgesic effect, and has cooling effect on mice no matter injected or taken orally, but can not antagonize experimental electric shock.

③ Impact on cardiovascular system

Semen Ziziphi Spinosae can cause continuous decrease of blood pressure and heart block. The results showed that Ziziphus jujuba seed (20-30 g / kg / day) had significant antihypertensive effect on hypertension induced by two kidney capsule method in rats. However, the thin skin of the outer layer of Ziziphus jujuba seed was left when rats were fed with Ziziphus jujuba seed, and there was no sedation phenomenon.

④ The effect on burn

Conclusion: semen Ziziphi Spinosae alone or in combination with Fructus schisandrae chinensis can improve the survival rate and prolong the survival time of scalded mice, delay the occurrence of burn shock and prolong the survival time of rats, and reduce the local edema of burned mice.

⑤ Other functions

It can excite the uterus, but has no inhibitory effect on the vomiting caused by dehydrated morphine in dogs. It can not antagonize caffeine poisoning in rabbits.

[toxicity] the toxicity of semen Ziziphi Spinosae (150g / kg) was very low in rats. The median lethal dose of intraperitoneal injection in mice was 14.33 ± 2.015 g / kg. However, it can also be toxic at very high doses.

[processing] semen Ziziphi Spinosae: put the original medicine into the bamboo basket, sink into the water tank, make the semen float on the water surface, and the shell sink to the bottom of the water, then take out and dry the semen Ziziphi Spinosae. Stir fried sour jujube kernel: take the clean sour jujube kernel, put it in the pot and stir fry it gently until the skin is puffed up and yellowish. Take it out and let it cool. Jiaosuanzaoren: take the clean Suanzaoren, put it in the pot and stir fry it with fire until 50% of it turns black and red. Take it out and let it cool.

Sweet and smooth.

① Ben Jing: "sour taste, flat.". "

② Bielu: "non toxic. "

③ Ben Cao Yan Yi: "Wei Wen. "

④ "Yinshan Zhengzheng" says: "it tastes sour and sweet. "

[channel tropism] into the heart, spleen, liver and gallbladder channels.

① "Foot Jueyin, Shaoyang" in Gangmu. "

② "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": it enters the heart, spleen, liver and gallbladder four meridians. "

Functions and indications: nourishing the liver, calming the heart, calming the nerves, and reducing perspiration. Treatment of deficiency, restlessness, palpitation, thirst and sweating.

① "Ben Jing" says: "it is cold and hot in the heart and abdomen, with accumulation of pathogenic Qi, sore limbs and dampness. "

② Bielu: "the Lord is upset and can't sleep, the umbilicus is painful, the blood turns to be discharged for a long time, the deficiency sweat is thirsty, tonifying the middle, benefiting the liver qi, strengthening the muscles and bones, helping the Yin Qi, making people fat and healthy. "

③ "Theory of medicinal properties": "the main muscle and bone wind, fried powder for soup. "

④ In the collection of Materia Medica, it is said that "if you sleep more, you will not be able to stir fry. "

⑤ Wang Haogu: "for the treatment of gallbladder deficiency, if you don't sleep, it's cold and fried; for the treatment of gallbladder excess, if you sleep more, it's hot and healthy. "

⑥ "Materia medica Huiyan": "gather Qi and calm the nerves, strengthen the tendons and nourish the marrow, harmonize the stomach and transport the spleen. "

⑦ According to Bencao Zaixin, "it can level the liver and regulate qi, moisten the lung and nourish yin, warm the middle and remove dampness, collect Qi and stop perspiration, benefit the mind, clear the eyes and ears. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 2-5 yuan; or into pills, powder.

[taboo] take it with caution if you have excess pathogenic stagnation of fire and slippery discharge syndrome.

① Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu: "evil self-defense. "

② According to the classic of Materia Medica, "do not use the three meridians of liver, gallbladder and spleen with excess pathogenic heat, because they are astringent. "

③ "To match the materia medica": "Gan Wang irritable, Gan Qiang sleepless, banned. "

④ "Seeking truth from Materia Medica" says: "the nature is moist, and the slippery discharge is the most taboo. "

[prescription selection] 1. To treat asthenia, fatigue, and restlessness: semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Poria cocos, and Rhizoma xionglao. On the five flavors, with eight liters of water, boil sour jujube kernel to get six liters, take all kinds of medicine, boil three liters, take three times at different temperatures. (Suanzaoren Decoction in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)

② Cure bone steaming, upset can't sleep: sour jujube kernel two Liang. Take two and a half cups of water, grind and filter the juice, and cook the rice porridge until it's cooked. Add the rehmannia juice and cook it slightly. Don't wait to eat. (shenghuifang sour jujube porridge)

③ Treatment of gallbladder deficiency, sleep restlessness, heart more palpitations: sour jujube kernel one or two. Stir fry until fragrant and mash until fine. Two yuan for each serving, adjusted with bamboo leaf soup, regardless of time. (Sheng Hui Fang)

④ It can cure heart deficiency, unconsciousness, terror, panic, often in a trance, easy to forget, sleepy, dangerous dreams, all heart diseases: semen Ziziphi Spinosae (stir fried, peeled), ginseng each one or two, cinnabar (grind fine, water fly) half Liang, frankincense (sit in a bowl, study divination in a basin). On the four flavor research and stop, refining honey ball as big as a billiard. Each take one, warm wine, jujube soup, hollow Pro lying service. (kufang Ningzhi ointment)

⑤ For the treatment of gall wind and poisonous gas, the deficiency and excess are not adjusted, and the drowsiness is more: one or two sour jujube kernels (for raw use), two or two whole stile wax teas, fried with ginger juice, slightly burnt and mashed. Two yuan for each serving, seven points for water, six points for frying, and warm clothes all the time. (brief aid to all)

⑥ Night sweats during sleep: semen Ziziphi Spinosae, ginseng, Poria cocos, etc. The upper part is the fine powder, and the lower part is the rice drink. (Puji Fang)

[famous scholar's discussion] 1. Ben Cao Tu Jing: "sour jujube kernel, the master of Ben Jing is worried and can't sleep. Today, doctors use it as a dual-purpose, sleep more often, but can't sleep, stir fry it, and it's different when it's raw or cooked. Hu Qia's treatment of palpitation included Suanzaoren Decoction, two liters of Suanzaoren, two liang of Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala, ginseng and licorice, and six liang of ginger. Cut six things into eight liters of water, take three liters and take four servings. Shen Shizhu is a master who can't sleep. He has sour jujube kernel soup, two liters of sour jujube kernel, two liang of silicon mother, two liang of dried ginger, two liang of Poria cocos and two liang of Ligusticum wallichii, and one or two pieces of licorice. He cuts them into pieces. He first boils the jujube in a bucket of water, then reduces three liters, and then boils it with five ingredients. He takes three liters and takes them separately. On the one hand, it's more important. Two soup jujube and raw use, treatment can not sleep, how to boil soup for cooked. "

② Zhu Zhenheng: "if the blood does not return to the spleen and you are restless, you should use this (sour jujube kernel) to greatly tonify the heart and spleen, then the blood returns to the spleen and the five organs are peaceful, and you can sleep in peace. "

③ "The compendium of Medical Sciences" says: "sour jujube kernel is sweet and moist, so it can be used to treat the syndrome of gallbladder deficiency and insomnia, thirst and sweating; it can be used to treat Gallbladder Heat and sleep well. All foot Jueyin, Shaoyang medicine also, today's people think heart home medicine, but ignorance of this theory

Chinese PinYin : Suan Zao Ren