nutmeg

nutmeg

(on medicinal properties)

[synonyms] Jiagele (materia medica Collection), Cardamom (xuchuanxinfang), rouguo (compendium).

[source] it is the seed of Myristicaceae.

[plant morphology] nutmeg

Evergreen trees, up to 20 meters high. Leaves alternate; elliptic lanceolate or oblong lanceolate, 5-15 cm long, leathery, apex caudate, base acute, entire, yellowish brown above, dark below, with reddish brown veins; petiole 6-12 mm long. Flowers dioecious; raceme of male flowers 2.5-5 cm long; bracteoles scaly; flowers sparse, yellow white, elliptic or pot shaped, 6 mm long, pendulous; anthers 9-12, connected into cylindrical stalked column. The fruit is pear shaped or nearly spherical, drooping, 3.5-6 cm long, light red or yellow. After ripening, it splits into two petals longitudinally, showing scarlet aril. The seed is oblong, and the seed coat is reddish brown and woody.

It is widely cultivated in tropical areas. Distributed in Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil and other places.

The aril of this plant (Myristica fragrans L.) is also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] once in April to June and once in November to December. In the morning, pick the ripe fruit, cut open the peel, peel off the false seed coat, knock off the shell like seed coat, take out the kernel, soak it in lime milk for one day, and then bake it slowly.

[medicinal material] the dried seed kernel is oval or oval, 2-3.5cm long and 1.5-2.5cm wide. The outer surface is grayish brown to brown, rough, with reticular furrows, one side with obvious longitudinal furrows (ridge part), the wide end with light round uplift (hilum part), and the narrow end with dark depression (chalazal part). It's hard. In the longitudinal section, the dark brown Endosperm on the surface extends inward, and the human white endosperm crisscross into a marble like texture. There are concave holes at the wide end, in which the embryo is dry and shriveled. It is fragrant and strong, spicy and slightly bitter. It is better to be big, heavy, solid and fragrant.

Mainly produced in Malaysia and Indonesia.

[chemical composition] it contains 2-9% volatile oil, including d-camphene and α - pinene. The content of myristic acid in its fat is 70-80%, and it contains the toxic substance myristol.

[pharmacological action] nutmeg oil not only has aromaticity, but also has significant anesthetic properties. For lower animals, it can cause pupil dilation, unstable gait, sleep and slow breathing, and the reflection disappears when the dose is higher. In cats, the dose of anesthesia often leads to hepatic steatosis and death. 5 g nutmeg powder can cause vertigo, delirium and lethargy, and there have been reports of a large number of fatal cases; 1.9 g / kg nutmeg powder can cause semi lethargy and death within 24 hours in cats, with fatty degeneration of liver. The toxic component of nutmeg oil is nutmeg. The toxic symptoms of nutmeg oil and nutmeg oil are similar. The lethal dose of nutmeg oil to cats is 0.5-1.0 ml / kg (incomplete absorption in gastrointestinal tract). If 0.12 ml is injected subcutaneously, it can cause extensive liver degeneration. 0.03-0.2ml nutmeg oil can be used as an aromatics, wind repellent and local stimulant of gastrointestinal tract.

Nutmeg and elemene have hallucinogenic effect on normal people, while Sassafras wood ether, another aromatic component, has no such effect. Nutmeg has moderate excitatory effect on human brain, but it is not exactly the same as nutmeg; the latter can cause unstable vascular state, rapid heart rate, hypothermia, no saliva, narrowing pupils, emotional impulsiveness, loneliness, inability to carry out intellectual activities, etc . Myristica nutmeg and myristol ether can enhance the effect of tryptamine: in vivo and in vitro, they have moderate inhibitory effect on monoamine oxidase. Its terpenoids have antibacterial activity.

[processing] stewed nutmeg: wash, take white flour, add water, knead and wrap. Heat the clam powder or talcum powder in a pot. Pour the wrapped nutmeg into the pot and stir fry until the dough turns brown. Remove the dough and slice it. The first method is to remove the original medicinal water, put it in the basket and moisten it for 12 hours, then heat the bran in the pot and stir fry until it turns yellow. Remove, sift off bran and slice hot.

[flavor] pungent, warm.

① "On medicinal properties": "bitter and pungent in taste. "

② "Haiyao Materia Medica": "spicy, warm, non-toxic. "

③ Ben Cao Zheng: "it tastes bitter, pungent and astringent, and its nature is warm. "

[Guijing] into the fibular and large intestine meridians.

① "Tangye Materia Medica": "start with yangmingjing. "

② "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the lung, stomach two channels. "

③ According to the classic of Materia Medica, it is said that "the foot enters Taiyin and Yangming; the hand Yangming is large intestine. "

Functions and indications: warming the middle, lowering Qi, eliminating food and strengthening the intestine. Treatment of abdominal pain, diarrhea, cold diarrhea, vomiting, food does not disappear.

① "Theory of medicinal properties": "it can control children's vomiting, not milk, abdominal pain; it can treat food and phlegm. "

② "Haiyao Materia Medica": "it can control the pain of insects in the heart and abdomen, spleen and stomach deficiency, cold and heat deficiency, red and white dysentery, etc. For dysentery, it is better to drink porridge; for cholera, it is better to drink ginger soup. "

③ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "regulate the middle, lower Qi, stop diarrhea, appetizer, Xiaoshi. External skin collaterals, lower Qi, detoxification, treatment of cholera. "

④ "Kaibao Materia Medica": "warm, treat cold, abdominal pain, cholera in the evil, vomit foam, air conditioning, Xiaoshi Zhixie, children Ruhuo. "

⑤ "The compendium of Medical Sciences" warms the spleen and stomach and strengthens the large intestine. "

⑥ "Treating cold essence" in the classic of Materia Medica. "

⑦ "Seeking the source of Materia Medica" and "treating kidney discharge, ascending and descending deficiency, all adverse events, ascending and floating of Yuanyang and headache". "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.5 ~ 2 Qian; or into pills, powder.

[taboo] 1. In the treatise on Lei Gong's processing, it is said that "if you use it, don't use copper.". "

② According to the classic of Materia Medica, "the large intestine is usually characterized by fire heat and heat exhaustion, intestinal wind and blood flow, stomach fire and toothache, stagnation of dampness and heat. "

[prescription selection] 1. For those who do not eat, the disease can be caused by: nutmeg, betel nut, light powder, black morning glory in half (take the end of the head). On for the end, batter for the ball, such as mung bean big. Take 10 to 20 pills each time, fry Forsythia decoction, take three times a day after eating. (roudoukou pill in xuanming Lun Fang)

② Treat diarrhea due to spleen deficiency and bowel sounds without eating: a piece of nutmeg, gouge out small orifices, put three pieces of frankincense into it, wrap and simmer the dough, remove the dough and grind it into fine powder. Each serving one money, rice drink, children half money. (nutmeg powder in Yang's family's Tibetan prescription)

③ Treatment of spleen and kidney weakness, feces is not solid, diet does not think: nutmeg, Psoralea, Schisandra chinensis, Evodia rutaecarpa each for the end. Four Liang ginger and fifty red dates. A bowl of water, boiled ginger, dates, ginger, water dry, take jujube meatballs Tung big. Before taking hollow food, take five or seventy pills each time. (internal medicine Abstract Sishen pill)

④ Treatment of spleen diarrhea: two pieces of cardamom, mixed with rice vinegar and wrapped in flour, simmered in ash to make it yellow and scorched, milled with flour, and fried with one or two pieces of dangzi. And fried rice for the end, each with two money seven, fried drink before two things three money dagger, night each one. (xuchuan Xinfang)

⑤ Treatment of diarrhea, bowel sounds, abdominal pain: nutmeg (shell, for the end) one or two, ginger juice two, white noodles two. On the three flavors, ginger juice and noodles for cake, wrapped in nutmeg, simmer until yellow, research for fine powder. Take two money daggers each time. Drink the hollow rice and take it again in the afternoon. (nutmeg powder in Shengji Zonglu)

⑥ Cure cholera vomiting more than: nutmeg one or two (shelled), ginseng one or two (to reed head), Magnolia one or two (to rough skin, coated with ginger juice, roasted until fragrant). Apply medicine and pound, coarse Luo is powder. For each serving, take a large cup of water, add ginger for half a minute, corn for two pinch, fry until five minutes, remove dross, and take it warm regardless of time. (Sheng Hui Fang)

Chinese PinYin : Rou Dou Kou