Sea urchin

Sea urchin

(primordial materia medica)

[synonym] haiduqi, cihailuo, ciguozi (Shandong Chinese herbal medicine manual).

[source] it is the bony shell of sea urchins, such as sea urchin marmoratus, sea urchin Echinococcus glabrata, sea urchin caryophyllus, sea urchin caryophyllus norvegicus, etc.

[animal morphology] 1

All of them are hemispherical in shape, about 3-5 cm in diameter, often grayish green, grayish brown or brownish gray, with dense active spines. After the spines are removed, the hard shell is exposed. The flat concave surface with a mouth is called "mouth surface", and its opposite raised surface is called "anti mouth surface". There are 5 calcareous teeth on the oral surface, which are exposed from the mouth and surrounded by the perioral area without spines. There is an anus in the center of the counter oral surface, and there are effective shell plates around it, including sieve plate 1, reproductive plate 4 and eye plate. The other part of the shell plate forms five step zones and five interphase zones, which are almost equal in width at the equator. Every 4 pairs of tube foot holes on the walking belt plate are arranged in an oblique arc; the large warts are very small, arranged in a longitudinal line; the middle warts and the warts in the middle of the perforated belt are arranged in a horizontal line. There was a large wart and 5-6 middle warts on the interphase plate. Spines short, only 5-6 mm long.

It inhabits at the bottom of sand and gravel, sometimes in stone crevices. Distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Zhejiang and Fujian coastal areas.

② Sea urchin, also known as Dalian purple sea urchin.

The morphology is similar to that of the above species. All of them are hemispherical, with a diameter of 8-10 cm. They are often purple brown and black purple. The shell is thin and brittle. The mouth surface is flat and the opposite is convex. The step belt is narrow, about 2 / 3 of the interphase belt, but it is equal to or inversely wider than the interphase belt to the edge of the mouth area. There are 1 large wart, 2-4 medium wart and most small wart in every 6-7 pairs of tube foot holes. There was one large wart on each interphase plate of the equator, and 15-22 medium and small warts above and on both sides of the large wart. The spines vary in size, the big spines are thick and strong, and the length can reach 3 cm.

It is distributed in Liaodong Peninsula and the northern coast of Shandong Peninsula.

③ Sea urchin with fine carving ribs

The body is highly conic, usually 4 cm in diameter. The large spines are flat, with reddish purple transverse spots on the yellowish brown or grayish brown base, and sometimes white ones can be seen. There are 5 heel plates and 5 reproductive plates in the perianal part, 5 interposed bands and 5 interposed bands, which are separated from each other, and the horizontal suture line of the interposed band plate is triangular concave. Equatorial each step belt plate has big wart, in wart each 1, small wart majority. There were 3 large warts, most middle warts and small warts. There are 6 rows of tube foot holes in the interphase belt, and the width is smaller than that of the interphase belt.

It inhabits in the mud bottom of shallow sea and is often hidden by algae or broken shells. It is distributed from Dalian in the north to Hainan Island in the south.

④ Northern sea urchin

The shape is similar to that of the upper species, but the shell is low, the big spine is light gray brown, without red purple stripes, only the base is black brown. The edge of the dent on the horizontal suture line of the walking belt plate above the equator is inclined, and the inner end is deeply sunk into a hole.

It lives in shallow water with sediment bottom. Distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Zhejiang and other coastal areas.

[collection] capture in summer. After catching, remove the meat and thorn, wash and dry.

[medicinal materials] the dried bone shell is hollow and hemispherical, 3-4cm in diameter and 2-3cm in thickness. The flat side is yellowish brown, with a round mouth hole in the center, and the mouth is slightly concave inward. There are five "U" shaped thin-walled teeth on the inner edge of the mouth. The dorsal surface is brown and uplifted. There is a star shaped hole in the center, which is formed after the "apical system" falls off. There are calcareous bone plates from the "apical system" to the oral foramen, which are radially arranged into 10 zones, quite regular. Among them, 5 bands are narrower and verrucous processes are smaller. Those with numerous pores on the outside of them are the walking zone. Those with large verrucous processes arranged at intervals from the walking zone are the walking zone, while those without pores are the interphase zone. The material is hard and light, not easy to break, and the section is light blue. Qi is weak, taste is pungent.

Mainly produced in Shandong and Hebei coastal areas.

[chemical constituents] the bone shell of sea urchin is mainly composed of calcium. A pigment containing various benzene derivatives.

Remove impurities and mash.

[nature and taste] 1. Records of traditional Chinese medicine: "salty, flat. "

② Shandong Chinese herbal medicine manual: "there are small poisons. "

[functions and indications] 1. Primitive materia medica: "treating heartache. "

② "Records of Chinese Materia Medica": "soften and firm, disperse nodules, dissipate phlegm and detumescence. It can be used to treat scrofula, phlegmy, chest pain and so on. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-2 yuan.

[selection] treatment of cervical lymphatic tuberculosis: sea urchin Erqian, seaweed Wuqian, Wuqian, zheshanqian. Take it in water. (Shandong Handbook of Chinese herbal medicine)

Chinese PinYin : Hai Dan