myrobalan

(Ben Cao Tu Jing)

[synonyms] helile (Synopsis of the Golden Chamber), heli (Qianjin prescription), suifengzi (Chuanxin prescription) by Liu Yuxi.

[source] it is the fruit of Terminalia chebula.

Terminalia chebula

Large trees, up to 20-30 m high. Leaves alternate or nearly opposite, ovate or elliptic, 7-25 cm long and 3-15 cm wide, apex short, base obtuse or rounded, entire, both sides bare, leaf back thin and hairy when young; petiole stout, 1.5-2 cm long, sometimes with 2 glands at the top. Inflorescence in branch apex or leaf axil, flowers bisexual, yellow; calyx cup-shaped, ca. 3 mm long, apex 5-lobed, lobes triangular, apex sharp, inner surface hairy; petals absent; stamens 10, inserted on calyx tube, anthers yellow, heart-shaped; ovary inferior, 1-locular, ovules 2, style long and prominent. Drupe obovate or elliptic, 2.5-4.5 cm long, green when young, yellowish brown when hot, smooth surface, 5-ribbed when dry. 1 seed. The flowering period is from June to August. The fruit period is from August to October.

Most of them are planted on roadsides or near villages. Native to India, Myanmar and other places. It is distributed in Tibet, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi.

Its variety, Terminalia chebula, is also used for medicine. The main differences from the above species are as follows: the branches, leaves, inflorescences and ovaries of the plant are densely covered with white hairs; the inflorescences and flowers are dense; the fruits are smaller and hairy. It is cultivated in Guangxi.

The leaves (Terminalia chebula cotyledon), young fruit (Tibet) and fruit core (Terminalia chebula kernel) of the above plants are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special regulations for details.

[collection] the fruits are picked at the end of autumn and early winter, and dried in the sun.

[herb] the dried fruit is ovoid or nearly spherical, 3.5 cm long and 1.5-2 cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish green or grayish brown, slightly glossy, with 5 longitudinal ridges and most longitudinal wrinkles, with fine transverse texture, and a round stipe scar at the base. It has solid texture, grayish yellow section, sandy appearance, and grayish brown after aging. There are yellow white hard core, blunt round. The shell is thick, and there are white seeds in it. The taste is sour and astringent. Yellowish brown, glossy and solid are preferred.

It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi.

[chemical constituents] the fruit contains 23.60-37.36% tannins, which are composed of terminolic acid, cheleric acid, 1,3,6-triacylglucose, 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose, tannin essence, proto terminolic acid, glucogalloside, paragallic acid and gallic acid. It also contains shikimic acid, dehydroshikimic acid, quinic acid, arabinose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, rhamnose and amino acids. It also contains sennoside a, chebulatin, tannase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, etc.

The bark contains β - sitosterol, tannin, gallic acid, gallic acid and pyrogallol.

[pharmacological action] 1. General pharmacological action

The fruit contains more tannins and has the general functions of tannins (see article), such as astringency, antidiarrhea, etc.

② Antibacterial action

In vitro test showed that it was effective against 4-5 kinds of Shigella, especially chebula shell. The results showed that the decoction of Terminalia chebula (100%) was effective on all kinds of dysentery bacilli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, diphtheria bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, pneumococcus, hemolytic streptococcus, Proteus and Salmonella typhimurium (disk method), and the effective concentrations of Shigella dysentery, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 1:32, 1:128 and 1:64 (test tube method), respectively Law). The ethanol extracts extracted with hydrochloric acid and ether had higher antibacterial and antifungal effects.

③ Other functions

Chebulogen extracted from dried fruit with 80% ethanol has an alkali like antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle; besides tannin, it also contains purulent components, so it is similar to chebulogen, which causes diarrhea first and then converges. Some anticancer effects have been reported in the traditional Chinese medicine compound containing Terminalia chebula.

The alcohol extract from the fruit of Terminalia elenica can promote bile secretion, depress blood pressure and inhibit smooth muscle. The oil contained in its seed kernel is similar to castor oil, which has purgative effect on mice, and the hydrolysate (similar to castor oil) also has stimulative effect, with little toxicity.

[processing] the flesh of Terminalia chebula: open the skin of Terminalia chebula with a hammer and remove the core. Stir fried Terminalia chebula: wash with water, dry in the sun, stir fry in the pot with fire until the surface is dark yellow, take out and let cool.

① "Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun": "in all practice, he Li Le is soaked in wine first, and then steamed for one volt. He Li Le is used to cut the road with a knife, file and bake it. "

② In the book of Materia Medica shugouyuan: "helile, bubble, bread simmer, heat and remove the core, or wine soak, steam, remove the core and bake. "

[flavor] bitter, sour and astringent, warm.

① "The taste is bitter and sweet. "

② Tang materia medica: "it tastes bitter, warm and nontoxic. "

③ "Haiyao Materia Medica": "sour and astringent, warm, non-toxic. "

[meridian tropism] entering lung, stomach and large intestine meridians.

① "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": "into the lung, liver, spleen, kidney, large intestine five meridians. "

② "Seeking truth from Materia Medica": entering the large intestine and stomach meridian. "

[function indications] astringent lung, astringent intestine, lower Qi. For chronic cough, aphasia, diarrhea, dysentery, anorectal prolapse, bloody stool, metrorrhagia, leucorrhea, enuresis, frequent urination.

① "Southern vegetation shape": it can be used for drinking, turning white and black. "

② "On medicinal properties": "Tongli body fluid, the main break chest knot gas, stop waterway, black hair. "

③ "Tang Materia Medica": "the main air-conditioner, the heart is full, the next object. "

④ "Haiyao Materia Medica" says: "it can control five diaphragm qi stagnation, heart and abdomen deficiency pain, red and white dysentery, vomiting and cough, and it is suitable to make skin, and it can control cough. Treating eye astringency and pain with meat roasting. "

⑤ Rihuazi materia medica: "expectorant, Xiaqi, Chufan, Zhishui, Tiaozhong, Zhixie dysentery, cholera, galloping porpoise kidney qi, lung qi, asthma, digestion appetizer, intestinal wind, diarrhea blood, collapse in the lower, five diaphragm gas, pregnancy not full-term fetal leakage and fetal movement, distension, suffocation and asthma. After suffering from dysentery, the patients were divided into acute pain, postpartum Yin pain, fumigation with wax and hot decoction. "

⑥ "Ben Cao Tu Jing": "for the treatment of phlegm cough, the throat is unfavorable, including three pieces. "

⑦ "Bencao tongxuan" says: "raw use can clear gold and activate Qi, while simmer use can warm stomach and strengthen intestines. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-3 yuan; or into pills, powder. External use: smoked and washed with boiling water.

[taboo] it is forbidden to take it if the external evil is not solved and the internal evil is damp heat and fire.

① "Pinhuijingyao" says: "people with deficiency of Qi should not take too much. "

② Introduction to medicine: "Qi deficiency, sudden cough and initial diarrhea should not be used lightly. "

③ According to the book of Materia Medica, cough is caused by excess heat in the lung, diarrhea is caused by damp heat, asthma is caused by fire heat rushing up, and diarrhea is caused by deficiency heat but not by deficiency cold, and intestinal debate is at the beginning. Damp heat is in full swing, and urination can not help but be caused by deficiency fire in the kidney family. "

④ "Seeking truth from Materia Medica" says: "it's not suitable to use it alone. "

[prescription selection] 1. For chronic cough, one or two Terminalia chebula (denuded) and one or two almonds (soaked, peeled and pointed), two yuan and five Fen. Finely cut, each serving four money, a cup of water, simmer and cut into five pieces, fry until eight minutes, remove dross, take warm after eating. (cheziyin in jishengfang)

② To treat cough, the person who has been coughing with Qi for a long time should also take charge of it: a piece of Huoli, containing pharyngeal juice. I don't know what to eat, but I fry a bowl of soup to take it. (empirical formula)

③ For the treatment of aphasia, those who can't speak: four (half fried half life), one or two (half baked half life), two or two (half baked half life). For the fine powder, each take two money, with a child urinate, one with water, fried to five or seven boiling, warm. (He Zi Tang in xuanming Lun Fang)

④ Treatment of conjunctivitis: Terminalia chebula, Melia azedarach the same amount. A total of research fine powder, two money each time, decoction service, three times a day. (selected materials of new medical treatment of Chinese herbal medicine, Inner Mongolia)

⑤ Treat the old man for a long time to diarrhea: three points of helile (simmer, use skin), one or two (burn ash). Add medicine and pound it into powder. Regardless of the time, take porridge to drink two money. (Holy Huifang helile SAN)

⑥ Zhiqi Li: ten pieces of helile (simmer), for powder, congee drink and, meal service. (helile powder in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)

⑦ The treatment of anal prolapse for a long time, medication failed, red and white purulent dysentery, for emergency, white more than red less, do not let its bitter: Yumi shell (to calyx, honey fried), orange peel each five points, (gun) six points, Terminalia chebula (simmer, to nuclear) seven points. Take two of them together and fry them in water. (hezipi powder in the secret collection of orchid chamber)

⑧ Treatment of intestinal wind and diarrhea: ten helile (wine run, straw paper wrapped, simmer cooked, meat and stone were pounded fine),,, each - two. All micro fried, research for the end, rice paste pills, Zi Da. Every morning and evening each take three money, white soup. (Ben Cao Hui Yan)

⑨ For the treatment of leucorrhea and leukorrhea due to asthenia and cold, there are ten helile (wine moistened, straw paper wrapped, simmered, and mashed together with the core),,,, north, and meat, two each. All fry grind for end, refine honey pill, big. Every morning take three money, white soup. (Yilin Jiyao)

⑩ For the treatment of qi deficiency in the elderly, they can't take it. Small water can be used frequently. If it is put slowly, it will be left behind, or tears can be seen frequently, or saliva can't be taken. They don't need to simmer. They can take meat, chew it and swallow it slowly. (Ben Cao Hui Yan)

(11) the treatment of aphthous ulcer lasts for a long time: five hollilers (wine moistened, straw paper wrapped and simmered, meat and stone pounded together), good score. Grind evenly, add a little from time to time, mouth

Chinese PinYin : He Zi