Wine wood

Wine wood

(notes on materia medica)

[synonym] Piper nigrum (commonly used folk herbal medicine in Kunming).

[source] it is the branch, leaf and fruit of rhododendraceae.

[plant morphology] south candle

Evergreen or deciduous shrubs or trees, up to 12 m in height. Branchlets glabrous or pubescent. Simple leaves alternate, leathery; ovate or elliptic to ovate long elliptic, 5-14 cm long, apex short acuminate or acute, base broadly cuneate, entire, veins protruding below, glabrous or hairy on veins below; petiole short. Inflorescence of racemes drawn from axillary buds of previous branches; a few leaves or leaflike bracts near base; flowers white; sepals ovate or triangular lanceolate; corolla oblong, 8 mm long, slightly pubescent. Capsule subglobose, 1-5 mm in diameter, with many seeds. It blooms in early summer.

On dry grass slopes. It is distributed in Southwest China.

A variety of the above plants is also used as medicine.

[collection] harvest in autumn and dry in the sun.

Only β - sitosterol, kaempferol, β - D, β - sitosterol, quercetin, isorhamnetin were found in wine. The main toxic component was jiumudu-a.

The flower contains 29, 27, 31, 24-ol-1, 22-ol-1, 26-ol-1, oleanolic acid, maastric acid, Hyperoside, quercetin, β - sitosterol, ursolic acid, glucose, fructose, sucrose, 3-o-p-hydroxy trans cinnamoyl maastric acid, jiumu-a, etc.

The buds contained oleanolic acid, carvone-2, β - sitosterol, taraxacitol, betulin-3-acetate, oleanolic acid, fetal fruit acid, c24-c31 alkane mixture, c24-c31 alcohol-1 mixture, jiumutu-a, jiumutu-b and jiumutu-c.

[pharmacological action] jiumutu-a is the main toxic component of jiumutu. Intravenous injection of 0.1-0.3 mg / kg can produce specific spasm in rabbits. Goats can produce Parkinson's disease after eating this product. Intraperitoneal injection of alcohol wood poison-a5 mg / kg in mice can cause posture changes, body and neck torsion, spasm, dyskinesia, etc. in rats, chickens, frogs, etc. such posture changes can also be seen. The site of action is in the center, mainly above the spinal cord; the spinal cord itself is also invaded, resulting in this kind of myasthenia or tremor. It can inhibit "denervation rigidity", and "asynchronization" awakening wave can appear in the motor cortex, which may act directly or indirectly on the lower part of the brain stem. Repeated injection can cause degeneration of extrapyramidal nucleus and cerebellar gray nucleus.

The crude toxin extracted from the leaves of Moringa officinalis could induce atrial fibrillation, bradycardia and QRS prolongation in rabbits. Once injected subcutaneously, the rabbits could salivate, vomit and breathe faster. They could not stand or walk, and then spasm. The crude toxin is similar to Rhododendron ovis toxin, and can cause excitation, respiratory depression, blood pressure drop, cardiac conduction disorder, body temperature rise, tonic spasm, etc. at the toxic dose; however, the crude toxin is only 1 / 3 of Rhododendron ovis toxin and 1 / 90 of Rhododendron ovis toxin to induce vomiting in dogs; the inhibition of isolated heart, phrenic nerve diaphragm of guinea pig is stronger than that of Rhododendron ovis toxin . The median lethal dose (LD50) of intravenous injection was 1 / 30 of that of Rhododendron ovis in mice, while that of subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection or oral administration was 1 / 2-1 / 3.

Sweet, warm and poisonous.

① Materia medica: sweet, warm, non-toxic. "

② Common folk herbs in Kunming: "pungent, warm, with little poison. "

[functions and indications] 1. In the collection of materia medica: "it can control wind, blood and thin, nourish the waist and feet, benefit the Yang, and is suitable for drinking wine. "

② Common folk herbs in Kunming: "dispel wind and detoxify. "

[usage and dosage] take orally: decoct soup, 1.5-3 yuan, or soak in wine. External use: wash with boiling water.

[selected formula] for tinea: the right amount of Piper nigrum. Put it on the boiling water. (common folk herbs in Kunming)

Chinese PinYin : Jiu Mu