Pear

Pear

(bielu)

[synonym] kuaigou (Tao Hongjing), guozong, Yuru and MiFu (compendium).

[source] it is mainly the fruits of Rosaceae plants such as Baili, Shali and Qiuzi.

[plant morphology] 1

Deciduous trees. Branchlets are stout, pubescent when young, and purplish brown with lenticels when old. Leaves alternate; leathery; ovate or elliptic ovate, 5-40 cm long, 6 cm wide, apex acute, base broadly cuneate, rarely rounded, margin serrate, sharp as needle, villous on both sides at first, then smooth; petiole 2.5-7 cm long. Inflorescence umbelliform, with 7-10 flowers; pedicel 1.5-3 cm long; bracts 2, acicular; sepal base narrow, glandular serrate. Petals 5, white, ovate; stamens 20; styles 5 or 4, about as long as stamens, smooth. The fruit is globular ovate, 2.5-3 cm in diameter, with residual calyx at the apex, peduncle 3-4 cm long, and yellowish white peel with slight spots. The flowering period is April. The fruiting period is September.

It is distributed in North China, Northwest China and Liaoning Province.

② Sari

tree. Branchlets smooth or hairy when young. Leaves slightly leathery; ovate long elliptic or ovate, 7-13 cm long, 4-8 cm wide, apex long pointed, base round or nearly heart-shaped, or broadly cuneate, margin densely spiny, pointed serrate, glabrous on both sides, or tender leaves villous; petiole 3-4 cm long. Inflorescence umbelliform raceme with 6-9 flowers; sepals 5, lobed from base, triangular ovate, apex long pointed, 0.6-1 cm, 2 times longer than receptacle; margin glandular serrate, inner surface with yellow hairs at base; petals 5, ovate, 1.5-4.5 cm, white, apex irregularly notched, base with short claws; stamens 20; styles 5 or 4, glabrous, as long as stamens. The fruit is nearly globose with reddish brown or bluish white skin, slightly hard flesh and no calyx at the top. Seeds wedge-shaped ovate, slightly flat, dark brown. The flowering period is April. The fruit ripens in September.

It is distributed in the south of Yangtze River Basin and Huaihe River Basin.

③ Qiuzi pear

tree. The twigs are woolly and fall off immediately. Leaves suborbicular or broadly ovate, 5-10 cm long, 4-8 cm wide, apex caudal, margin bristly, serrate, base usually round, sometimes heart-shaped, glabrous on both sides, glossy; petiole 2-6 cm long, hairy when young. Umbelliform raceme with 6-12 flowers: sepals triangular, apex acuminate, margin villous; petals white; stamens numerous. The pear fruit is nearly spherical, 1.5-6.5 cm in diameter, dark green, slightly brown or yellow, often with red spots; the calyx is persistent; the fruit stalk is straight, not drooping, 1.5-2 cm in length. The flowering period is April. The fruiting period is September.

Distribution in Northeast China and Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places.

The root (pear root), bark (pear bark), branch (pear branch), leaf (pear leaf) and peel (pear bark) of the above three plants are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] the fruits were harvested from August to September. Dried fresh or sliced.

[chemical constituents] malic acid, citric acid, fructose, glucose, sucrose, etc.

Pear fruit contains sucrose, fructose and so on.

[nature and taste] sweet, slightly acid, cool.

① Daily use materia medica: "sweet, sour, flat. "

② "Bencao Zaixin": "it is sweet in taste, slightly cold in nature and non-toxic. "

[channel tropism] entering lung and stomach channels.

① In the book of Materia Medica, it is said that "starting with Taiyin, and entering into zuyang Mingjing. "

② "Yao Yao Fen Ji": it enters the heart and lung meridians and liver and stomach meridians. "

Functions and indications: generate fluid, moisten dryness, clear away heat and remove phlegm. It is used to treat febrile diseases, such as body fluid injury, thirst, heat cough, phlegm heat, dysphoria, choking diaphragm and constipation.

① "Qianjin Shizhi" says: "in addition to the heat of customers, stop upset. "

② Tang materia medica: "cutting and sticking soup fire sores, not rotten, pain, easy to poor.". It also helps to cough and quench thirst. "

③ "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": "those with stuffiness and heat in the chest can eat more good pears. If the wind is silent, you should take the juice once and take it again every day. "

④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica" says: "dispel the wind, cure cough, asthma and fever; eliminate the wind of thieves, heat knot in the chest; make the plasma to spit wind and phlegm. "

⑤ "Kaibao Materia Medica" says: "the heat of the subject and the guest, the stroke is silent, and the typhoid fever is treated, the pathogenic factors are startled, the cough is coughed, the thirst is quenched, and the defecation is facilitated. "

⑥ "Diannan Materia Medica": "it is used to treat stomach swelling, food accumulation, cholera vomiting and diarrhea, and children's falling pain. "

⑦ Compendium: "moisten the lung and cool the heart, eliminate phlegm and reduce fire, relieve sore poison and wine poison. "

⑧ "Bencao tongxuan" says: "the living can clear the heat of the six Fu organs, while the mature can nourish the Yin of the five zang organs. "

⑨ "Seeking the source of Materia Medica": "pear juice porridge, treatment of infantile malnutrition heat and wind heat coma. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: raw food, mashed juice or boiled cream. External use: tamping or juice point.

[should avoid] spleen deficiency loose stool and cold cough should not be taken.

According to the classic of Materia Medica, "cold cough in the lung, diarrhea in the spleen, cold accumulation of abdominal pain, cold phlegm and phlegm, postpartum delivery of women, postacne in children, cold vomiting in the stomach should be avoided. "

[selection] 1. For the treatment of Taiyin febrile disease, a large sweet pear is needed. Thin cut, soak in cold water for half a day, and drink frequently. (Xueli syrup in differentiation of epidemic febrile diseases)

② Treatment of Taiyin febrile disease, thirsty, foaming sticky not fast: pear juice, water chestnut juice, fresh reed root juice, Ophiopogon juice, lotus juice (or with cane pulp). Temporarily consider how much, and uniform cold clothing, not very like cold, heavy soup stew warm clothing. (wuzhiyin in wenbingtiao Bian)

③ Treatment of children's heart hidden wind heat, faint afraid of impetuous stuffy, can not eat: pear three. Cut, take two liters of water, boil one liter, remove dross, add japonica rice, and cook porridge. (Sheng Hui Fang)

(4) treat thirst: Fragrant Pear (or good goose pear, or Jiangnan snow pear), use honey to boil the bottle, often adjust it with hot water or cold water, and chew pear well. (Puji Fang)

⑤ Treatment of stroke cough: a pear, thorn for 50 holes, each hole with a pepper, wrapped in hot ash to make cooked, out, stop cold, to pepper food. Two pears, to the core, Na Su honey, noodles wrapped to make cooked, eat. Three pears, one liter of mashed juice, one or two crispy pears, one or two honey pears, one or two rehmannia juice. Slow fire fried, fine throat. In all cases of cough, it is necessary to wait until it is cold, and eat after wheezing. In this way, it can be used as mutton soup cake to satiate and lie down for a few days. (Meng Shen Fang)

⑥ Treatment of phlegm and wheezing: pear, gouge out the air, take small black beans to make it full, keep the lid closed, fix it, simmer it with chaff fire, pound it into cakes, and eat it every day. (pick Yuan Fang)

⑦ Qingtan Zhisou: pear, mash juice, boil cream is also good, add ginger juice, white honey.

⑧ Treatment of phlegm heat due to apoplexy: pear juice with Xiatian ointment, Zhuli, tongbianfu.

⑨ Treatment of acute wind and phlegm: pear juice and bezoar.

⑩ Treatment of blood failure, gradually become choking diaphragm: pear juice with human milk, sugarcane juice, reed root juice, children's stool, bamboo juice. (7) the following is "seeking the origin of Materia Medica.")

(11) to cure nausea and turn to food, the medicine is not less than: a big Sydney, 15 cloves, stabbed into the pear, wet paper package four or five times, simmer cooked food. (Sheng Ji Zong Lu)

(12) treatment of stroke with pterygium, sitting and lying pain: a good pear (pound, wring juice), Rhizoma Coptidis three (broken). With the cotton wrap stains make color change, supine attention. (Ben Cao Tu Jing)

[famous scholar's discussion] 1. Ben Cao Yan Yi: "if you eat more pears, you will move your spleen. If you eat less pears, you will not be able to get sick. You should consider the meaning of using pears, but if you are sick and thirsty, you can't get sick after eating very well. "

② In the compendium of compendium, it is said that the pear in bielu can stop its harm but not its function. Tao Yinju said that the pear is not used as medicine. According to the ancients, most diseases are caused by wind and cold, and the drugs are GUI and Fu. Therefore, I don't know that the pear has the functions of treating wind heat, moistening the lung, cooling the heart, eliminating phlegm, reducing fire and detoxifying. Today's phlegm disease, fire disease, ten home 67, pear beneficial, cover not less, but not too much food. However, only Ru pear, e pear and Xiao pear can be eaten, while Yu pear can't get rid of disease. "

③ According to the classic of Materia Medica, "pear can moisten the lung, eliminate phlegm, reduce fire and remove heat, so Su Gong's main idea is to cough hot to quench thirst and stick soup to burn; Daming's main idea is to be angry and panting; Meng Shen's main idea is to block heat in the chest. It is said in the classic that if you eat too much food, it is too cold and beneficial; if you can't eat the golden sores of lactating women, it is also said that if the blood gets cold, it will coagulate and become blood stasis. Ordinary people have pain, weak pulse number, or thirsty, this carbuncle will become, but eat pear day and night, can turn heavy to light. Gaoliang's family is full of strong wine. It's free and unrestrained. It's bound to have excessive phlegm and fire. It's a disease of carbuncle and gangrene. If you eat pears, you can turn danger into safety. "

④ "Chongqing Tang essays:" pears, regardless of shape and color, are always small in heart, fine in flesh, chew without residue, and taste pure and sweet. All pyrotechnics, coal fire, alcohol poison, all hot drugs for patients, eat the solution. Warm and dry disease, and yin deficiency fire, body fluid burnt dry, pound juice drink effect. "

Chinese PinYin : Li