Dianthus Superbus

Dianthus Superbus

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] jugoumai (Ben Jing), Dalan (BIE Lu), shanqumai (Qian Jin Fang), nangeranium (Sheng Ji Zonglu), jianronghua (Yi Lin Bian Yao), zhujiecao (Shandong traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the whole plant with flowers of Dianthus Caryophyllaceae.

[plant morphology] ① Qumai, also known as Daju and juanmai (Erya), ground (Qimin Yaoshu), Honghua Qumai, yemai, mudiehua, scissorflower and shiyangjing.

Herbs perennial, up to 1 m tall. Stems tufted, erect, glabrous, upper 2-branched, nodes distinct. Leaves alternate, linear or linear lanceolate, 1.5-9 cm long, 1-4 mm wide, apex acuminate, base short sheath phimosis, entire, glabrous on both sides. Flowers solitary or several panicles with sparse rambling branches; pedicel 4 cm long; bracteoles 4-6, arranged in 2-3 rings; calyx cylindrical, 4 cm long, apex 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate, margin membranous, hairy; petals 5, pale red, white or purplish red, apex deeply split into thin lines, base hairy; stamen 10; ovary superior, 1-locular, style 2, slender . Capsule oblong, enclosed in persistent calyx. The flowering period is from August to September. The fruit period is from September to November.

Born on hillside or under forest. It is distributed in most parts of the country.

② Dianzhu (collected by Du Gongbu), also known as Dianzhu, Xiuzhu (flowers and trees in Luoyang), Luoyang flower (compendium), Shizhu flower.

The shape is similar to that of the former species. The main differences are as follows: bracts ovate, leaflike, open, 1 / 2 of calyx tube long, apex caudate acuminate; calyx tube 2-2.5 cm long, lobes broadly lanceolate; petals usually purplish red, apex lobed into serrated. The flowering period is from April to June. The fruit period is from June to August.

Many gardens are cultivated. It is distributed in most parts of the country.

[collection] it can be harvested in summer and autumn, usually before the flowers open. Growers can harvest 2-3 times a year, cut the whole plant, remove weeds and soil, and dry in the sun.

[medicinal material] 1

It is the dry whole grass of Qumai, more than 30 cm long, with erect stem, light green to yellowish green, smooth and glabrous, and slightly expanded nodes. Leaves mostly intact, opposite, linear or linear lanceolate. The flower is about 3-4cm long, with yellowish membranous persistent calyx. The calyx tube is about 3 / 4 of the whole flower, and the bracteoles under the calyx are yellowish, about 1 / 4 of the simple calyx. Corolla apex deeply divided into thin lines, reddish or lavender. Sometimes capsule can be seen, oblong, shrunken appearance, top cracking, brown seeds, flat. The stem is hollow, brittle and easy to break. It's slightly sweet.

② Dianthus caryophyllus

It is the dry whole grass of carnation. The length of calyx tube is about 1 / 2 of that of the whole flower, the bracteoles under calyx are about 1 / 2 of that of calyx tube, and the apex of corolla is serrated, brownish purple or brownish yellow.

The above two herbs are green, dry, no weeds, no roots and flowers are not open.

It is mainly produced in Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Hubei and Jiangsu. In addition, it is produced in Hunan, Zhejiang, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Fujian, Yunnan and Guangxi.

In addition to the above two species, the whole grass of other Caryophyllaceae plants, such as caryophyllum amurense, caryophyllum sibiricum and caryophyllum Xingan, is used as Qu Mai in Northeast China. Dianthus orientalis is still used as Qu Mai in Ningxia.

[chemical composition] the fresh grass of Qumai contains 77.3% water, 2.62% crude protein, 13.18% nitrogen-free extract, 4.95% crude fiber, 11.09% crude ash and 0.13% phosphoric acid. The content of vitamin A is 0.3333%. In addition, it contains a small amount of alkaloids.

Caryophyllus contains eugenol, phenylethanol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate and methyl salicylate. The whole herb contains saponins, sugars and vitamins. The root contains saponins.

(1) diuretic effect

Qu Ma has a certain diuretic effect on rabbits, anesthetized and non anesthetic dogs. The gall * 2 mg / kg of gourmet decoction can increase the urine output to 156.6% in 156.6% hours, and the chloride content increases to 268.2%. The diuretic effect of Qu Maijing decoction is similar to that of pure ears but slightly weaker. The amount of urine increased by 1 to 2.5 times by the extract of Qu Ma, and 5~8 times of the amount of non anesthetic dog urine. The effect of potassium excretion is greater than that of sodium. The content of potassium in Qumai is 500 mg%. The diuretic excretion of potassium may be related to this.

② Effect on intestinal tract

In the experiments of isolated rabbit intestine, anesthetized dog's in situ intestine and dog's chronic intestinal fistula, it was observed that Qumai decoction had a significant excitatory effect on the intestine. The tension of isolated rabbit intestine was increased, while the peristalsis of anesthetized dog's in situ intestine and dog's chronic intestinal fistula was increased, but the tension had no significant effect. The effect of panicle was stronger than that of stem. Diphenhydramine and papaverine could antagonize this effect.

③ Cardiovascular effects

Qumaisui decoction has antihypertensive effect on anesthetized dogs, which may be caused by cardiac inhibition.

④ Effects on schistosomiasis

10% Qumai decoction can kill Schistosoma japonicum in test tube for 8-12 minutes; 4 ml of 100% Qumai decoction was given to rabbits infected with Schistosoma japonicum once a day for four consecutive weeks. Although the infected rabbits died successively, compared with the control group, it was found that the remaining worm rate decreased, the weight loss was slow, and the liver changes were improved. It has also been reported that Qumai has no effect on killing Schistosoma in vitro, but its maximum tolerance dose or half lethal dose in vivo has no effect on reducing mortality and killing adults in mice infected with different degrees of Schistosoma.

[processing] clean impurities, remove residual roots, wash, soak, cut into sections and dry in the sun.

"Lei Gong Paozhi Lun" says, "all envoys should first soak bamboo juice for one volt, then soak it out and dry it in the sun. "

Bitter, cold.

① Ben Jing: "taste covered, cold. "

② Bielu: "Xin, nontoxic. "

③ Ben Cao Zheng: "it tastes bitter and slightly cold. "

[meridian tropism] into the heart, kidney, small intestine, bladder meridian.

① The book of materia medica: tongxinjing. "

② "Ben Cao Hui Yan": "start with Shaoyin and Taiyang. "

③ "Changsha medicine solution" said: "into the foot Jueyin liver, foot Taiyang bladder meridian. "

④ New materia medica: "entering the heart, spleen and kidney. "

Functions and indications: clearing heat and promoting diuresis, breaking blood and dredging meridians. It can be used to treat dysuria, gonorrhea, edema, amenorrhea, carbuncle, red eyes, immersion, sore and poison.

① "Ben Jing" says: "the main pass is to check all kinds of nodules, obstruct urination, prick, eliminate carbuncle and swelling, clear eyes, remove Yi, break the fetus, drop the child, and close the blood. "

② Bielu: "nourishing kidney qi, expelling bladder evil, stopping cholera, growing hair. "

③ "On the nature of drugs": "it governs five kinds of drenching. "

④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Ye: for hemorrhoids and hemorrhoids, diarrhea, Ascaris lumbricoides in children, eye swelling and pain, and tamping therapy for immersion sores and female vaginal sores. Son: birth, treatment of menstruation, broken blood clots, discharge pus. "

⑤ Ben Cao Tu Jing: "the most important thing is to benefit the small intestine. "

⑥ "Modern practical Chinese medicine": "treatment of edema, urinary heat astringent pain, blood drenching. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1.5-3 yuan; or into pills, powder. External use: grind and apply.

[should avoid] spleen, kidney qi deficiency and pregnant women should not take.

① Notes on peony and coir grass. Cuttlebone. "

② "Pinhuijingyao": "pregnancy is not acceptable. "

③ According to the classic of Materia Medica, it is forbidden to treat kidney qi deficiency and small intestine without great heat; it is forbidden to treat all people with deficiency before and after pregnancy and suffering from small water; it is forbidden to treat edema and swelling and spleen deficiency. "

[prescription selection] 1. For the treatment of red and astringent urination, or obstruction of urinary tract, heat and blood drenching: 1 jin of Qumai, Ruixu, Cheqianzi, talc, shanzhiren, licorice (roasted), Mutong and rhubarb (boiled with flour, cut and baked with flour). It's scattered on the surface. Each serving two money, water a, into the wick, fried to seven points, to slag, after eating Pro lying warm clothes. Children's capacity is less. (BA Zheng San in Ju Fang)

② For those who are not good at urination, there is water vapor, and they are thirsty: two liang of Trichosanthes kirilowii root, three liang of Poria cocos, three liang of Dioscorea zingiberensis, one (gun) of aconite, one or two of Qu Mai. In the first five flavors, the last one is the honey refining pill. Wuzi is a big one. In the third one, you can drink three pills and take three pills every day. I don't know, but it's increased to seven or eight pills. It's known for its small convenience and warm stomach. (Trichosanthes Qumai pill in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)

③ For the treatment of scorching heat, yellow and red urine, pain of strangulation, or bleeding of both urine and stool: Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (peeled, fried) half Liang, Qu maisui one or two, licorice (fried) three. Last is the last. Five to seven yuan per serving, a bowl of water, seven scallion roots, 50 stems of wick, five or seven pieces of ginger, fried together until seven minutes, always warm. (Ju Fang Li Xiao San)

④ Treatment of fish navel sore swelling: Qu Mai, cooked with raw oil, rammed and applied. (Cui Shi Bian Yao Fang)

⑤ For the treatment of blood rash, nine orifices all come out, and those who can't take the medicine are as follows: Herba pelargonii (raw Qu MAI) thumb big one (file), big jujube (enucleated) five pieces, ginger piece (thumb big), Dengcao little finger big one, Gardenia jasminoides (peeled), licorice (fried) half Liang. File the six ingredients into the porcelain, and boil in a large bowl of water until half a bowl, then remove the dross. (South Tianzhu drink in Shengji Zonglu)

⑥ For the treatment of eye redness, swelling, pain, immersion and other sores: stir fried yellow wheat as the end, apply canthus with goose saliva, or mash juice. (Sheng Hui Fang)

[discussion of famous experts] 1. In the compendium of ancient Chinese medicine, there are two kinds of prescriptions for treating dystocia, namely, shizhuhua decoction, nantianzhu powder, which can break blood and promote orifices. "

② "The classic of materia medica:" Qu Mai, bitter and pungent, can break blood, yin and cold, can clear the lower orifices and urinate, so the main reason is that the small intestine is very hot. The cold can dissipate heat, the pungent can disperse the knot, so the carbuncle is definitely swollen. In addition to dampness and heat, so eyesight to Yi. The bitter cold breaks the blood, therefore breaks the embryo to fall the child, but closes the blood also. Kidney fever

Chinese PinYin : Qu Mai