Sichuan Pepper

Chinese Name: Zanthoxylum bungeanum

[category] fruits

[synonyms] Da jiao (Erya), Qin Jiao, Shu jiao (Ben Jing), Nan jiao (Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun), Ba Jiao, Sheng Lei (BIE Lu), Han jiao (Tao Hongjing), Lu Bo (Zhi Zhi Lun), Han jiao (Rihua Zi Ben Cao), Chuan jiao (Sheng Hui Fang), Dian jiao (compendium).

[source] it is the pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.

[plant morphology] Zanthoxylum bungeanum

Shrubs or small trees, about 3-6 m high. Stem branches sparsely prickles slightly upward sloping, base laterally flat; tender branches pubescent. Leaves alternate; odd pinnate compound, 8-14 cm long, rachis narrow winged, leaflets usually 5-9, opposite, almost sessile, leaf blade ovate; elliptic to broadly ovate, 2-5 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, apex acute; usually concave, base unequal cuneate, margin obtuse serrate, glandular points between teeth, tufted villous below midvein base. Corymbose panicle, terminal or terminal on lateral branches: flowers unisexual, dioecious, rachis pubescent; perianth segments 4-8, triangular lanceolate: male flowers with stamens 5-7, anthers oblong, connective nearly apical with glandular dots, filaments linear, degenerate carpels 2, apex 2-forked; female carpels usually 3-4, glandular dots protruding at the upper part of ovary spine, style slightly curved, stigma Ovary sessile. Mature carpels usually 2-3. The fruit is red to purplish red with dense warty glandular spots. Seeds 1, black, glossy. The flowering period is from March to May. The fruit period is from July to October.

Wild in roadside, hillside shrubs, or for cultivation. It is distributed in most areas of China.

The roots, leaves and seeds of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] after the fruit matures in August to October, cut the branches, dry them in the sun, remove the impurities in the branches and leaves, separate the seeds (Capsicum), and use the peel.

[medicinal materials] the dried pericarp (also known as red pepper, red pepper and Dahongpao) has two petals, with ventral surface or back surface slightly cracked. The shape is like a cut-off ball, and the base is connected, with a diameter of 4-5 mm. The surface is reddish purple to reddish brown, rough, with stigma residue at the top. The base often has a small fruit stalk and 1-2 undeveloped carpels, which are granular, occasionally with 2-3 small follicles The tip of the handle. The epicarp surface is extremely shrunk, and many wart like oil glands can be seen. The diameter of the oil glands is 0.5-1 mm. The endocarp is smooth and yellowish, and often turns inward from the base of the exocarp. Sometimes black seeds can be seen. The peel is leathery, with a special strong aroma, spicy and persistent. It is better to be bright red, bright, thin, uniform and free of impurities.

It is mainly produced in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan and other places. In addition, it is also produced in Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Hubei, Qinghai, Hunan and Guangxi.

In addition, the dried peel of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is also used as Zanthoxylum bungeanum. The fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is usually 2-3 small fruits, which are gathered on one fruit stalk, and only one fruit is rare. It is 3-4 mm in diameter, with a short beak and a cracked tip. The surface of exocarp is grass green to yellow green, with few dark green and fine wrinkles. The oil glands are dark punctate and not very uplifted. Endocarp gray white, often separated from exocarp, two layers of pericarp are inward roll. The remaining seeds are black, bright and ovoid. It's fragrant and spicy.

Mainly produced in Liaoning, Jiangsu, Hebei and other places.

Zanthoxylum bungeanum produced in different places is mainly the peel of wild Zanthoxylum bungeanum (see "wild Zanthoxylum bungeanum" strip), bamboo leaf Zanthoxylum bungeanum (see "bamboo leaf Zanthoxylum bungeanum" strip), legume Zanthoxylum bungeanum (see "yingbubo" strip), stem fruit Zanthoxylum bungeanum (see "makoupiziyao" strip) and so on, which is also used as the substitute of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.

[chemical constituents] the fruits of Zanthoxylum bungeanum contain 0.7% volatile oil (from Guizhou), 2-4% volatile oil (from Gansu) and 4-9% volatile oil (from Guangdong). The volatile oil contains? Geraniol, limonene, cumol, etc. The fruit also contains sterols and unsaturated organic acids.

The fruits of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (produced in Northeast China) contain actanol and bergamot lactone. The main component of volatile oil from fruits was actanol, accounting for about 90%. The peel contains Bergamot lactone and benzoic acid.

[pharmacological action] small dose of? Taurol can inhibit the spontaneous activity of rats. The effect was not constant at low concentration. Sometimes there is mild but long-term hyperactivity, and large dose inhibits intestinal movement. After oral administration to rats, it can inhibit gastrointestinal motility (the speed of passing chyme slows down), but has little effect on large intestine motility. When it is close to lethal dose, it has purgative effect. A small amount of oral administration has mild diuretic effect on rats, but a large amount can inhibit excretion. Rapid and significant hypotensive effect can be observed in rabbits by intravenous injection. The median lethal dose for rats was 4.8 g / kg by oral administration and 50 mg / kg for rabbits by intravenous injection. The death of animals is due to respiratory paralysis. Postmortem anatomy showed that the respiratory tract had the characteristic aroma of taurol, and there was a large amount of bloody exudate. There were many bleeding spots in the lung and bronchus. Therefore, the cause of death was due to extreme difficulty in breathing. Taurol has the effect of expelling Ascaris lumbricoides in guinea pigs. It has been reported that procaine is more effective in topical anesthesia than procaine. It should be pointed out that Zanthoxylum bungeanum produced in Japan is actually Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which is not produced in China. It contains the components of central paralysis and can excite the medulla oblongata and produce spasm.

[processing] remove the fruit stalk and seed (Capsicum). Stir fry until the oil comes out, remove and let cool.

① "Lei Gong's treatise on frying" and "those who use Sichuan peppers to remove their eyes and shut their mouth do not use their peppers. First, mix the wine to make it wet and steam. Then, when it's already noon, let it cool and cover it tightly. When there's no air around, take it out and put it into a magnetic vessel to avoid catching cold. "

② Bencao Yanyi: "Sichuan peppers must be stir fried slightly to make sweat come out, and red and yellow shells must be removed. The method of shelling is to stir fry slightly first, then put it into a bamboo tube by heat, and then pound it with stalks to get red. If it is not enough, choose and pound it more to make it as good as possible. It is necessary to do so when using pepper. "

It is pungent, warm and poisonous.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes pungent and warm. "

② Bielu: "it's warm, cold and poisonous. "It's too hot. It's poisonous. "

③ "On medicinal properties": "it tastes bitter and pungent, and has little poison. "

[channel tropism] entering spleen, lung and kidney channels.

① "Gangmu": "hand, foot Taiyin, right kidney Mingmen Qi points. "

② In the classic of Materia Medica, it is said that "starting with Taiyin, and starting with Jueyin.". "

③ New edition of materia medica: "entering the heart and spleen meridians. "

④ "Changsha medicine solution" said: "into the Foot Yangming stomach, foot Jueyin liver, foot Shaoyin kidney, foot Taiyin spleen. "

Functions and indications: warm and disperse cold, dehumidify, relieve pain, kill insects, relieve fishy poison. It is used to treat food accumulation, stopping drinking, cold pain in the heart and abdomen, vomiting, EEE Er, cough, adverse Qi, wind cold and dampness, diarrhea, dysentery, colic, toothache, Ascaris lumbricoides, pinworm disease, Yin itching, sores and scabies.

① Ben Jing: "the main wind evil, warm, in addition to cold Bi, strong teeth hair, bright eyes. "The main evil cough, warm, by the joints of the skin dead muscle, cold dampness arthralgia, Qi. "

② Bielu: "it can cure throat obstruction, vomiting, hernia, remove old blood, postpartum diseases, abdominal pain, sweating and benefit the five zang organs. "In addition to the six Fu cold, typhoid fever, warm malaria, strong wind, sweating, heart and abdomen stay drink, food, intestinal dysentery, ejaculation, female word milk disease, scattered wind evil knot, edema, jaundice, insecticidal fish poison. It can be used as a plaster for the treatment of cold and heat. "

③ According to the theory of medicinal properties, "in the treatment of evil wind, the body's limbs are stubborn, the mouth is swollen and shaken; in the treatment of postpartum dysentery, dysentery for many years, the body's hair is produced, and the abdomen is cold and painful. "It is used to treat head wind, tears, waist and foot failure, deficiency and damage, retention of knots, breaking blood, dropping stones and water, cold and pain in abdomen, and removing toothache. "

④ "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": "eliminate the scar, under the milk. "

⑤ Rihuazi materia medica: "it can break all kinds of knots, stimulate the appetite, treat the diseases of natural circulation and seasonal Qi, postpartum blood retention, treat heart and abdomen Qi, strengthen Yang, treat Yin sweat, warm waist and knee, and reduce stool. "

⑥ "The compendium of Medical Sciences" says: "dispel cold and dampness, relieve stagnation, eliminate persistent food, dredge Sanjiao, warm spleen and stomach, nourish right kidney, kill Ascaris lumbricoides and stop diarrhea. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.5-1.5 money; or into pills, powder. External use: grind the end to adjust to apply or decoct water to soak.

[should avoid] those with Yin deficiency and excessive fire should not take it. Pregnant women should take it with caution.

① "The almond is the envoy of the book of Materia Medica. I'm afraid of winter. "Evil Trichosanthes, anti sunflower. Fear of orpiment. "

② "Bielu": "people who eat too much are short of breath. People who shut their mouths kill people. "

③ "Qianjin Shizhi": "long time eating makes people lack of Qi and blindness. "

④ Tang materia medica: "Ligularia, aconite, Fangfeng. "

⑤ "The classic of Materia Medica" says: "the lung and stomach are always hot, or cough phlegm, or noisy vinegar heart, vomiting sour water, or large intestine accumulation of heat and blood, salty is not suitable for use; diarrhea due to excessive injection of fire and heat rather than accumulation of cold and deficiency cold should be avoided; Yin flaccid feet are weak, due to exhaustion of blood essence rather than life gate fire failure and deficiency cold, should not be used in Xiajiao; cough is not wind cold and external evil is not suitable for use; word milk disease due to this disease It is not suitable for the patients with Qi deficiency; it is not suitable for the patients with edema and jaundice without rheumatism due to spleen deficiency; it is not suitable for the patients with Yin deficiency and Yang excess, fire and heat rising, head swelling and pain, floating teeth, mouth sore, bleeding, deafness, sore throat, red tongue, thirst, lung impotence, cough, hemoptysis, hematemesis, etc. "

⑥ "Suixiju diet spectrum": "eat more". "

[prescription selection] 1. It is used to treat severe cold and pain in the heart and chest, vomiting, inability to eat, cold in the abdomen, upper flush skin, head and foot, upper and lower pain, and can not be touched: Sichuan pepper Erhe (to remove sweat), dried ginger four Liang, ginseng two Liang. For the first three flavors, take four liters of water, boil two liters, remove dross, take one liter of gelatinous malt, and boil one and a half liters over low heat. If you take it at different temperatures, you can drink two liters of porridge. If you take it later, you can eat chyme one day,

Chinese PinYin : Hua Jiao