Longevity grass

Longevity grass

(Modern Practical Chinese Medicine)

[synonyms] xiansui chrysanthemum (records of Taiwan), Xuelian (records of western regions), Changchun chrysanthemum (records of Zhangzhou), suiju (records of Zhangzhou), Bingli flower, Dingbing flower (records of northeast plant medicine), Bingliang flower, Xuelian flower (Pharmacology), Binglang flower (Jilin Chinese herbal medicine).

[source] it is the whole herb with roots of Erigeron breviscapus, a Ranunculaceae plant.

[plant morphology] Erigeron breviscapus

Perennial herbs. Rhizome short and thick, clusters of dark brown fibrous roots. The stem is green or purplish, 5-15 cm high at flowering, 30-40 cm high afterwards, sometimes branched at the lower part, with several pale brown or white membranous sheaths near the base. The leaves grow after anthesis, the lower leaves are long petiolate and glabrous; the leaves are triangular, 3-pinnately divided, 1-lobed in 2-3 pairs, and the last lobes are narrowly ovate to lanceolate, with short tips. Flowers single terminal, ca. 3 cm in diameter; sepals ca. 9, white or lavender, narrowly obovate, nearly as long as petals; petals ca. 10, yellow, oblong or obovate, oblong, 1.2-2.2 cm long, 3-8 mm wide; stamens numerous; carpels numerous, ovary puberulent. Achenes obovate, persistent styles curved. The flowering period is from April to May.

It grows under the sparse forest or in the Bush on the wet hillside. It is distributed in Northeast China.

In addition, it is also used as medicine in Xinjiang.

[collection] in April, the whole grass with roots was dug, cut into sections and dried in the sun.

[medicinal material] it is a dry whole grass, with shrunken stems and leaves, cylindrical stems, slightly flat upper part, with longitudinal lines, and a yellow flower growing on the top of the stem. The rhizome is short, fleshy, with brown surface, about 0.4-0.8 cm in diameter and yellowish white section. The root is slender and cylindrical, brown on the surface, about 1 mm in diameter, with fine longitudinal grooves, brittle and easy to break, flat section, white, xylem vessels are light brown dots; the root is very bitter and pungent.

[chemical constituents] the roots contain cardiac glycosides, non cardiac glycosides and coumarins. Cardiotonic glycosides include: cannabinoid, cannabinol, jute glycoside a, suzuolin, k-picroside - β, somalin, etc. The isolated aglycones from non cardiac glycosides are pachydermone, isopachydermone, Scutellaria lactone, chloralone, norbusudidone, 12 - ο - nicotinoyl isopachydermone, 12 - ο - benzoyl isopachydermone, etc. Coumarins are umbelliferide and scopoletin.

The isolated aglycones are isothermomarone, nicotinoyl isothermomarone, digitoxin, pachycarpone, noctuin and daucosteron. The sugar components are d-canadian sesame, d-salmonellose and l-oleander. It also contains umbelliferide and scopoletin.

(1) cardiotonic effect

The extract of Erigeron breviscapus L. and the crude glucoside of Erigeron breviscapus L. from Yunnan Province can make the heart of cold-blooded animals stop in systole. The preparation of isolated heart, in situ heart, failing heart and lung of warm-blooded animals and the study of electrocardiogram all proved that it has cardiotonic effect. Calendula latifolia contains Canadian ephedrine glycoside and erigeroside. The former has the same action speed as the latter, but the latter has lower toxicity, weaker accumulation and diuretic effect. The characteristic of chunfushoucao preparation used in the Soviet Union is that its action is fast, and its effect in warm blood animals is weaker than that of cotyledonoside and Canadian ephedrine. Because of its irregular absorption and poor therapeutic effect, it can be used to replace cedilanid in clinic. The mean maximum tolerated dose, the mean arrhythmia (or toxic dose) and the mean minimum lethal dose were 0.41 mg / kg, 0.46 mg / kg, 0.75 ± 0.025 mg / kg, 0.41 mg / kg, 0.46 mg / kg and 0.75 ± 0.025 mg / kg respectively. The minimum lethal dose of total glucosides was 0.77 ± 0.016 mg / kg. The results showed that the average lethal dose of the crude glucoside was 7.08 ± 0.15 mg / kg for pigeons, which was much lower than that of the pure glucoside (0.191 mg / kg for cats).

② Absorption and accumulation

The extract of Erigeron breviscapus has a little accumulation effect. The accumulation rate of total glucosides was 74.2% in 24 hours and 23.9% in 48 hours. The efficacy of oral administration of scutellarin was 4 times lower than that of intravenous injection, and the accumulation was relatively low.

③ Effects on the central nervous system

The total glycosides of Erigeron breviscapus can inhibit the spontaneous activity of mice, increase the dose can induce hypnosis, high dose can antagonize the excitatory effect of caffeine, and its extract also shows sedation. The preparation of Erigeron breviscapus combined with bromine can be used to treat hyperactivity, insomnia and epilepsy, and can antagonize the convulsion caused by cocaine and tetrandrine As a cardiotonic, and has analgesic effect, for neuralgia.

④ Other functions

Herba Erigerontis has diuretic effect and also has curative effect on experimental arteritis. Adonisidum can restore the metabolism of carbohydrates in heart and liver of mice with experimental myocardial dystrophy. The amount of vomit caused by intravenous injection of Erigeron breviscapus extract was 52.2% of the minimum lethal dose in cats, so its therapeutic dose was far below the vomit inducing dose, and it did not stimulate the mucous membrane. The therapeutic dose of Erigeron breviscapus extract did not affect the blood pressure, and the toxic dose caused vasoconstriction and blood pressure rise.

[toxicity] nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and ventricular ectopic pulsation were found in spring side marigold poisoning.

[nature and taste] Modern Practical Chinese medicine: "bitter, flat, with little poison. "

Functions and indications: strengthening heart and diuresis. Treatment of palpitation, edema, epilepsy.

① Modern practical Chinese medicine: "it is a cardiotonic diuretic. "

② Heilongjiang traditional Chinese medicine: "treating epilepsy. "

③ "Liaoning commonly used Chinese herbal medicine manual": "treatment of palpitation. "

④ Jilin Chinese herbal medicine: "treating heart failure. "

⑤ "Northeast commonly used Chinese herbal medicine manual": "treatment of severe palpitations, congestive cardiac insufficiency, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, edema caused by cardiac insufficiency. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: soak in wine or water, 1-2 points.

[clinical application] ① to reduce heart rate

The patients with rapid atrial fibrillation and sinus and supraventricular tachycardia whose heart rate is more than 100 beats per minute without cardiotonic drugs within 2 weeks were given 0.5-1 mg of total glucosides injection (0.5 mg of total glucosides per 2 ml) intravenously. The patients who had used a small amount of cardiotonic and had complications within 2 weeks were given 0.25-0.5 mg of total glucosides injection once. Diluted with 40 ml of 50% glucose and injected slowly. 56 cases were observed. 15 minutes after the first injection, the heart rate decreased more than 30 times to less than 100 times per minute, and the symptoms and some signs were significantly improved in 22 cases; the heart rate decreased less than 30 times, more than 10 times, and the symptoms or some signs were relieved in 29 cases; 5 cases were ineffective. It has been proved by practice that this product has a rapid and significant effect on reducing heart rate, which can last for 1-3 days; ECG shows that its effect is mild and constant, with less side effects. Usually, one injection can basically control the heart rate, then oral maintenance, rarely need multiple injections.

② Treatment of chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure

14 cases were observed. Among them, 3 cases were adults, 1 case was treated with 0.8 mg for the first time (poisoning reaction occurred immediately), 2 cases were treated with 0.4 mg for the first time, both of them were given intravenous injection once a day, the average dosage was 0.2-0.3 mg, the maximum dosage was 0.4 mg; the average dosage for children was 0.2-0.4 Mg on the first day, and the average dosage was 0.4 mg every day 2 mg. 25% glucose (20-40 ml) was added and slowly injected intravenously for 2-11 minutes, with an average of about 5 minutes. The maximum medication time was 25 days, the minimum was 7 days, and the average was 12 days. Results: 2 cases were cured, symptoms and signs of heart failure disappeared, X-ray confirmed that the enlarged heart had returned to normal, heart rate was also in the normal range during activity; 7 cases were markedly effective, symptoms and most signs disappeared, liver retraction was obvious, X-ray confirmed that the enlarged heart had shrunk, but heart rate increased after activity; 4 cases were effective, palpitation and shortness of breath appeared after slight activity, but edema was significantly reduced, liver retraction was obvious Systole, heart rate slightly higher than normal, circulation time and venous pressure slightly higher, lung rale disappeared; invalid in 1 case. Preliminary observation shows that the cardiotonic effect of this product is rapid, and it belongs to a kind of fast cardiotonic glycoside. After 2-6 days of treatment, cough, expectoration (blood), dyspnea, cyanosis and pulmonary rales disappeared, venous pressure, venous filling and circulation time returned to normal, edema and ascites subsided, liver retraction and heart rate slowed down. Diuretic effect appeared early, urine volume began to increase 2 days after treatment, and lasted for a long time. This product has sedative effect on central nervous system, which is manifested by prolonged sleep time and increased depth of sleep. ECG observation showed that the drug could prolong the diastolic period, but it was not as significant as digitalis; the heart rate slowed down 5-29 times in 5 minutes, especially in 1 week. Experience shows that the dosage of this product must vary from person to person and from disease to disease. If it is too low, the curative effect will be affected. If it is too large, it will cause poisoning. Generally, the following doses can be referred: 0.3-0.5 mg / time on the first day of adult, once every 6-8 hours when necessary, and 0.2-0.3 mg once a day after that. Children should be given less. It is found in practice that the curative effect is remarkable if the dosage is slightly higher than half of the total daily dose (8-10 hours interval) twice a day

Chinese PinYin : Fu Shou Cao