Persimmon stalk

(notes on materia medica)

[synonym]

Shiqian (jiegujiazhen), shiding (records of traditional Chinese Medicine), Shiba (Handbook of traditional Chinese Medicine), shicalyx (Pharmacology).

[source]

It is the persistent calyx of persimmon.

[plant morphology]

Persimmon (Book of rites), also known as zhentoujia (compendium).

Deciduous trees, up to 14 m high. Bark scaly dehiscent, gray black; branches dark brown, with brown lenticels, slightly hairy, tender branches pilose. Leaves alternate; petioles pilose; leaves elliptic to obovate, 6-18 cm long, apex acuminate, base broadly cuneate, entire, leathery, dark green above, sparsely pilose on main veins, light green below, pubescent, densely brownish tomentose along veins. The flowers are heterozygous, male flowers in cymes, female flowers in single axils; the flowers are yellow white, the lower part of calyx is short tubular, 4-lobed, with hairs on the inner surface; the Corolla is bell shaped, 4-lobed; there are 16 stamens in male flowers, 8-16 in bisexual flowers, and 8 staminodes in female flowers; the ovary is superior, 8-locular, and the style is detached from the base. The berry is ovoid, 3.5-8 cm in diameter, orange or bright yellow, with persistent sepals at the base. The flowering period is May. The fruit period is from September to October.

Most of them are cultivated. It is distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, etc.

The root or root bark (persimmon root), bark (persimmon bark), leaf (persimmon leaf), flower (persimmon flower), fruit (persimmon), finished product of fruit (persimmon) and finished product (persimmon lacquer) with white frost (persimmon), exocarp (persimmon peel) and liquid juice of immature fruit (persimmon lacquer) of this plant are also used for medicine.

[collection]

In winter, collect the fruit stalks of persimmon, remove the stalks, wash them and dry them in the sun.

[medicinal materials]

The middle part of the calyx is thick, the edge is 4-lobed, the lobes often roll upward, fragile, and the base is connected in dish shape, with a diameter of 1.5-2.5 cm and a thickness of 1-4 mm. The outer surface is reddish brown. When carefully observed, there are sparse short hairs on it. The inner surface has fine yellowish brown short hairs, which are arranged radially and glossy. There is a round raised scar left by fruit abscission in the center. It's thin and light. There is no Qi and the taste is astringent. Red brown, thick quality, astringent taste and persimmon frost on the surface are the best.

It is mainly produced in Henan, Shandong, Fujian, Hebei, Shanxi and other places.

[chemical composition]

It contains 0.37% hydroxytriterpenoid acid, oleanolic acid, betulinic acid and ursolic acid. It also contains glucose, fructose, acid and neutral fatty oil. It also contains tannins.

[flavor]

Bitter, smooth.

① "Compendium": "astringent, flat, non-toxic. "

② "Materia medica Huiyan": "bitter taste, temperature, non-toxic. "

[Guijing] 1. Bencao Huiyan: "start with Taiyin lung meridian. "

② "Into the lung, stomach" in Ben Cao Qiu Zhen

[function indications] reduce adverse Qi. Stop Er te, emesis.

① Meng Shen: "to treat cough and Qi, we should take it by boiling juice. "

② "Diannan Materia Medica": "treating qi blocking nausea. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 2-4 yuan; or powder.

[selection] 1. Treatment of hiccup: persimmon, money, etc. For fine powder, fried in water, after eating. (Shi Qian San in Jiegu Jiazhen)

② Treatment hiccup more than: Persimmon (burning ash storage) for the end. Take yellow rice wine, or use ginger juice, sugar and other parts and even, stew hot Xu Fu. (village residents' emergency prescription)

③ Treatment of typhoid vomiting more than: dry persimmon seven, white plum three. On the two flavor, coarse mash sieve, only for a service, water a cup, fry to half a cup. I'll go and warm up at any time. (Shidi soup in Shengji Zonglu)

④ Treat cellular full cough not only: persimmon, clove each one or two. Finely cut it into four pieces, one and a half cups of water and five pieces of ginger, and fry until seven minutes. Go to the hot clothes, regardless of the time. (Ji Sheng Fang Shi Di Tang)

⑤ Treatment of pertussis: Persimmon four money (Yingan), the core of the white kernel ten (fine cut), plus sugar three money. Use two cups of water and fry until one cup. Take it several times a day for several days. (Jiangxi traditional Chinese medicine (3): 20-221953)

⑥ Treatment of blood drenching: dried persimmon (burning ash), for the end. Two yuan per serving, mixed with hollow rice drink. (Shidi powder, a wonderful prescription)

Zhu Zhenheng: "the Yin Qi of human beings depends on the stomach. The ancients thought that the stomach was cold. They used cloves and persimmon stems. They didn't know which one was tonifying deficiency and which one was reducing fire. They could not clear Qi and promote phlegm, but only help fire. "

② "Compendium": "cough adverse, Qi from the umbilicus, pulse straight up to the pharyngeal diaphragm, make Er te, Jian adverse sound. Zhu Zhu's nanyangshu takes Xiao as cough adversity, while Wang Lu's suhuiji takes cough as cough adversity. For those who suffer from retching, there is a sound. Cough adverse, there are typhoid fever after vomiting, and long illness, postpartum, the elderly, empty person Yin Qi loss, Yang Qi violent adverse, from the lower Jiao adverse to the upper Jiao, and can not be out; there are typhoid fever lost, and flat person phlegm suppression and natural. According to the deficiency and excess of yin and Yang, one can warm or replenish, one can release heat, one can lower Qi, one can vomit or lower Qi. In the ancient prescription, the juice of persimmon stalk is used to drink, and the bitter temperature can reduce the adverse Qi. In Jisheng, Shidi powder is treated with clove and heat, and phlegm is used to disperse depression. To the Zhang family in Yishui, they also benefited from ginseng. After treatment, they coughed in deficiency. Danxi Zhu, however, insisted on the principle of treating heat with cold instead of following the method of treatment, and corrected his mistakes. If Chen's "three causes" were added with ginger and so on, it would be the one who really thought that the stomach was cold and helped its evil fire. "

③ According to Bencao Huiyan, "Shen Zeshi said that according to Danxi Weng, Yin Qi of human beings is maintained by the stomach. Soil injury is wood with fire, straight to the road and make cough, should be Shidi soup, this is hot Er also. In Jisheng, Yang is exhausted at the bottom, Yin is isolated, and Yin Qi will spin off. Therefore, it's against the top. Er, it's better to be the master of ginseng and persimmon root soup. According to Zhunzhen, the syndrome of hiccup includes typhoid fever after vomiting, long illness, postpartum Yin blood loss, Yang Qi outburst, from the lower to the upper, which can not be treated by the medicine of warming and tonifying the middle. In addition, the phlegm Qi in pingren's diet is suppressed, and the Qi rushes from the umbilicus to the upper pharyngeal diaphragm, making the sound of "Er te Jian Ni". Pingwei Erchen decoction and several pieces of persimmon pedicels can also be used to stop it. The bitter and astringent persimmon stems can disperse the adverse Qi. For those with cold, heat, deficiency and stagnation, they should be supplemented with Ding, Jiang, Ru, Lian, Shen, Shu, Ping Wei and Tong. "

④ "Seeking truth from Materia Medica" says: "although persimmon stalk and clove have the same flavor, one is hot and the other is bitter. If there is cold and no heat, clove must be used in the treatment, not stubborn from the treatment, must be accompanied by persimmon. If there is heat but no cold, persimmon stalks are necessary. They should not be mixed with mud, but with cloves. It is because the ancients used drugs with several flavors to get effect, or only one flavor to get effect, so as to make the medicine and the disease right, not to be paradoxical and useless. "

Chinese PinYin : Shi Di